A and S Chapter 22
Define hemorrhoids. (Module 22.17B)
Hemorrhoids are distended veins in the distal portion of the rectum
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the
Body
Define emulsification. (Module 22.22A)
Breakdown of lipid droplets by bile salts
Distinguish between chemical digestion and absorption. (Module 22.5B)
Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food, whereas absorption involves the movement of nutrients across the digestive epithelium into the interstitial fluid.
Lacteals
carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.
After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as
chyme.
The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the
common bile duct.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?
coordinates activity of the muscular layer
Name the three segments of the small intestine from proximal to distal. (Module 22.13A)
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
filtration
The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).
four
Name the four major regions of the stomach in order from its junction with the esophagus to the small intestine. (Module 22.10A)
fundus, cardia, body, pyloric part
The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the
fundus.
The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is
gastrin.
Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?
greater omentum
Trace a drop of bile from the hepatic ducts to the duodenal lumen. (Module 22.22B)
hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, bile duct, duodenal ampulla and papilla, duodenal lumen
The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the
ileum.
Circular folds and intestinal villi
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
The middle segment of the small intestine is the
jejunum.
The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the
jejunum.
What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?
lesser omentum
Which accessory organ of the digestive system is responsible for almost 200 known functions? (Module 22.18C)
liver
The teniae coli are
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.
The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.
mesentery
The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.
mesentery proper
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
mouth.
Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.
muscularis mucosa
Starting at the mouth, identify the major organs of the digestive tract. (Module 22.1B)
oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?
parotid
Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen.
The enzyme pepsin digests
proteins.
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the
pylorus.
Name the major functions of the large intestine. (Module 22.16A)
reabsorbing water and compacting material into feces, absorbing vitamins, and storing fecal material
Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the
rectum.
What is the function of parietal cells? (Module 22.11B)
secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid
At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the
transverse colon.
Distinguish between the exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas. (Module 22.18B)
The exocrine pancreas produces buffers and enzymes and the endocrine pancreas produces hormones.
The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as
absorption.
Each of the following is a function of the liver except
antibody production.
Identify the four regions of the colon. (Module 22.16B)
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.
sphincters
Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the
stomach.
What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D)
store and concentrate bile
Name the three pairs of salivary glands. (Module 22.19A)
sublingual, submandibular, and parotid
What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?
submandibular
Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?
submucosa
List the accessory organs of the digestive system. (Module 22.1C)
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by
the cerebral cortex