A and S Chapter 22

Define hemorrhoids. (Module 22.17B)

Hemorrhoids are distended veins in the distal portion of the rectum

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

Body

Define emulsification. (Module 22.22A)

Breakdown of lipid droplets by bile salts

Distinguish between chemical digestion and absorption. (Module 22.5B)

Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food, whereas absorption involves the movement of nutrients across the digestive epithelium into the interstitial fluid.

Lacteals

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

chyme.

The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the

common bile duct.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?

coordinates activity of the muscular layer

Name the three segments of the small intestine from proximal to distal. (Module 22.13A)

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

filtration

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).

four

Name the four major regions of the stomach in order from its junction with the esophagus to the small intestine. (Module 22.10A)

fundus, cardia, body, pyloric part

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

fundus.

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin.

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

greater omentum

Trace a drop of bile from the hepatic ducts to the duodenal lumen. (Module 22.22B)

hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, bile duct, duodenal ampulla and papilla, duodenal lumen

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

ileum.

Circular folds and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

jejunum.

The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the

jejunum.

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

lesser omentum

Which accessory organ of the digestive system is responsible for almost 200 known functions? (Module 22.18C)

liver

The teniae coli are

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.

The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

mesentery

The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

mesentery proper

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth.

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

muscularis mucosa

Starting at the mouth, identify the major organs of the digestive tract. (Module 22.1B)

oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

parotid

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen.

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins.

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

pylorus.

Name the major functions of the large intestine. (Module 22.16A)

reabsorbing water and compacting material into feces, absorbing vitamins, and storing fecal material

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the

rectum.

What is the function of parietal cells? (Module 22.11B)

secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid

At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the

transverse colon.

Distinguish between the exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas. (Module 22.18B)

The exocrine pancreas produces buffers and enzymes and the endocrine pancreas produces hormones.

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

absorption.

Each of the following is a function of the liver except

antibody production.

Identify the four regions of the colon. (Module 22.16B)

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.

sphincters

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

stomach.

What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D)

store and concentrate bile

Name the three pairs of salivary glands. (Module 22.19A)

sublingual, submandibular, and parotid

What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?

submandibular

Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

submucosa

List the accessory organs of the digestive system. (Module 22.1C)

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by

the cerebral cortex