A level English Language- Gender terminology

What are the variables for the difference approach(6)

*age *class *ethinicity *education *occupation *sexuality

Co-referental

2 expressions which have the same referent e.g tommy and boy

Generic terms

A noun that refers to a whole class, collective noun (Guys/folks)

Representation

A portrayal of events through language and man-making resouces (graphology)

Semantic derogation

Process where words may aquire a negative connotation (sexist language)

Ritual abuse

Banter

Sex

Biological features (Male and female). It is predefined, we are born as one sex or another

Gender neutral

Expression/word that can't be taken to only one gender

Stereotype

Oversimplifyed representation of a person, group or event

Gender bias

Language that reveals a certain amount of discrimination towards a certain gender

Institutional sexism

Language used to refer to men and women

Detrioration

Process of becoming progressively worse

Is women's language marked or unmarked?

Marked

Gender

Socially expected characteristics of each sex (masculine and femenine) which is alterable as we are not born into gender roles, but we are socialised from an early age

Appropriation

The act of taking something, e.g '*****' was offensive but now in 21st century it is not

Pejoration

The downgrading of a words meaning. The meaning gets worse (e.g silly was innocent, now stupid)

Gender socialisation

The process by which we aquire social knowledge through socialisation.

Convert prestige

The rebellious attitude that men adopt by seeking independence (Attached to non-standard english)

Stigmative

To describe or regard something as worthy of disgrace or great disappointment (prostitute or stupid)

Objectification

To present someone as an object (thing)

Lexical Asymmetry

Unequal word used fo female version (bachelor vs spinster, lad vs slut= connotations)

What is a marked term?

Words that change to original words depending on gender, e.g Actor- actress, Man-Woman

Pejorative

judgmental term usually implying disapproval or critisicm

Amelioration

opposite of pejoration, words meaning get better, (sick and pretty)

Referents

words used to refer to a person or thing, (boys, girls)