A N P 1 Ch 11-13
integration of information occurs in the
CNS
is produced in the ventricles of the brain
CSF
spinal cord terminates in
Conus medullaris
sensory (afferent division) and motor (efferent division) are functional subdivisions of the
PNS peripheral nervous system
most dreaming occurs during
REM sleep
begins as a change or disturbance in the membrane potential
a nerve signal
a nerve impulses that carries a signal along an axon
action potential
depolarization of the membrane ignites the
action potential
A change in sensitivity in presence of a constant stimulus
adaptation
action potential is an
all or none phenomenon
associates sensory areas and emotional areas to memories
amygdala
movement along axons toward axonal terminal
anterograde
anchor neutrons to their nutrient supplies and guide migration of young neurons
astrocyte
is concerned with our unconscious, involuntary internal activities
autonomic nervous system
arises from "axon hillock"
axon
formed by tight junctions between cells of capillary walls that supply the structures of the CNS
blood brain barrier
is present in one hemisphere only
broca's area
biosynthetic center of neuron
cell body or soma
the cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed in the spinal cord by the blood in the
central canal
brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
controls equilibrium and posture
cerebellum
is designated to hemisphere that is dominant for language
cerebral dominance
is produced by the choroid plexuses
cerebral spinal fluid CPS
commissural, association, and projection tracts consist of
cerebral white matter
ependymal cells are ciliated and circulate the
cerebrospinal fluid
blockage of cerebral artery by a blood clot
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
are sense organs
complex receptors
largest commissure in the brain
corpus callosum
before medulla goes over into spinal cord most tracts coming from the cerebral cortex
crossover
receptive or input regions of neuron
dendrites
the sarcolemma is restored to the polarized state during
depolarization
skin segment innervated by the cutaneous sensory branches of single spinal nerve
dermatome
are innervated by the sensory branches of a single spinal nerve
dermatomes
cells bodies of sensory neurons are located in
dorsal root ganglion
the limbic system is largely responsible
emotions
help cleanse the CSF by removing wastes
ependymal cells
line central cavities of the brain and the spinal column
ependymal cells
pain, heat, cold receptors
exteroceptors
receptors close to skin surface
exteroceptors
anchors spinal cord in coccyx
filum terminale
hair follicle receptors
free nerve endings
clusters of cell bodies located in PNS
ganglia
outnumber neurons by 10 to 1
glial cells
mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers
gray matter
makes up the corpus callosum
grey matter
short term memory will be turned into long term memory through the involvement of the
hippocampus
hypothalamus as the main visceral control center of the body
homeostatic brain
mapping of the body in CNS structures
homunculus
main integrative center of ANS activity
hypothalamus
regulation of water balance and thirst
hypothalamus
input is processed interpreted and decision made about answer
integration
are autonomic sympathetic division motor neurons that serve visceral organs
lateral horn neurons
reacts to ligand binding
ligand gated channel
a merkel disc senses
light touch receptors
reacts to mechanical stress
mechanically gated channel
helps make pincer grasp
median nerve
regulates rhythm of breathing, force and rate of heartbeat, and blood pressure
medulla oblongata
receptors surrounded by schwann cells
meissner's corpuscles
voltage measurable across the plasma membrane
membrane potential
dura mater and arachnoid extend to the level S2 to form the
meningeal sack
can transform into special type of macrophages that monitor the health of neurons
microglia
possesses information about information about sights and sound and controls simple reflex responses to these stimuli
mid brain
neuron that stimulates muscle
motor efferent
their cells bodies are located in grey matter of spinal cord
motor neurons
white matter
mylenated axon
longs axons are called
nerve fibers
interlacing nerve networks are
nerve plexuses
bundles of processes in PNS
nerves
biogenic amines, peptides, dissolved gasses, purines function as
neurotransmitters
Pain receptors are called
nociceptors
clusters of cell bodies located in CNS
nuclei
wrap their processes around them, producing myelin sheaths
oligodendrocytes
strong pressure is sensed by the
pacinion corpuscle
Adjusts body functioning so that energy is conserved
parasympathetic nervous system
the autonomic nervous system is part of
peripheral NS
causes spasms of the diaphragm hiccups
phrenic nerve
in site of electrical signaling
plasma membrane
receives information from general sensory receptors in skin and proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, joints
primary somatosensory cortex
the entire body is represented specially in the
primary somatosensory cortex
sensory neurons for visceral pain travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers
referred pain
the fact that sensory neurons for visceral pain travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers explains the phenomenon of
referred pain
following an action potential, the nerve cannot be stimulated again
refractory period
period after stimulation when the nerve cannot be stimulated again
refractory period
filters sensory input and keeps the cerebral cortex in an alert state
reticular activating system (RAS)
movement along axons away from axonal terminal
retrograde
nissl bodies
rough ER
continuous pressure is sensed by the
rufini corpuscle
surround neuron cell bodies
satellite cells
surround larger nerve fibers form myelin sheaths
schwann cells
neuron that transfers impulse to the CNS
sensory afferent
monitor changes inside and outside the body
sensory receptors
the grey matter of the spinal cord
serves as a reflex center
non rapid eye movement (NREM)sleep is part of the
sleep cycle
restores ionic conditions of the resting state
sodium potassium pump
conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
somatic nervous system
governs conscious sensations and voluntary movements
somatic nervous system
damage to motor neurons of the primary motor cortex leads to
spastic paralysis
dorsal and ventral root form a single
spinal nerve
relay station of the brain for all sensory information except smell
thalamus
the membrane potential at which the outward current of K+ is equal to inward current of Na+
threshold
bundles of processes in CNS
tracts
each person's brain waves are
unique
innervates most visceral organs in the parasympathetic outflow
vagus nerve
innervates the visceral organs in the parasympathetic outflow
vagus nerve
axons of motor neurons leave the spinal cord from the
ventral side
reacts to change of voltage across the membrane
voltage gated channel
dense collections of myelinated fibers
white matter
the spinal cord has central layer of
white matter