A&P 1 CH 12 Quiz
BLANK produce myelin in the PNS, whereas BLANK produce myelin in the CNS. Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells Schwann cells; Oligodendrocytes Oligodendrocytes; Ependymal cells Microglia; ependymal cells Schwann cells; Ependymal cells
Schwann cells; Oligodendrocytes
When the action potential reaches the synaptic end bulbs these channels open in order to trigger exocytosis of the neurotransmitter. voltage-gated potassium voltage-gated calcium ligand-gated calcium voltage-gated chloride voltage-gated sodium
voltage-gated calcium
When a neuron's membrane potential reaches +30mV these channels open. voltage-gated chloride voltage-gated sodium voltage-gated calcium ligand-gated potassium voltage-gated potassium
voltage-gated potassium
When a neuron's membrane potential reaches -55mV these channels open. voltage-gated sodium mechanically-gated potassium voltage-gated calcium ligand-gated sodium voltage-gated potassium
voltage-gated sodium
This inhibitory neurotransmitter opens chloride channels. Valium and other benzodiazepines enhance the effects of this neurotransmitter producing a calming effect (anti-anxiety). norepinephrine acetylcholine endorphin dopamine GABA
GABA
Sensory neurons involved in acute pain (sharp, immediate, short lasting) are Group B neurons. Group C neurons. Group A neurons.
Group A Neurons
These neurons have small diameter and unmyelinated axons. Their conduction speed is the slowest. Group C Group B Group A
Group C
During the depolarization phase of an action potential BLANK sodium moves out of the neuron potassium over out of the neuron Sodium enters the neuron sodium moves into the neuron potassium moves into the neuron
Sodium enters the neuron
Ion gradients are necessary for normal functions of neurons. These ion channels establish and maintain these gradients. leakage channels voltage-gated channels ligand-gated channels mechanically-gated channels sodium-potassium pump
Sodium-potassium pump
This neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle, controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands. dopamine GABA Substance P acetylcholine norepinephrine
acetylcholine
Sensory neurons are also known as BLANK neurons since they transmit action potentials towards the CNS. motor afferent ependymal cells interneurons efferent
afferent
Voltage-gated channels are highly concentrated BLANK. acetylcholine GABA along the axon of the neuron dopamine Substance P norepinephrine
along the axon of the neuron
These cells form the blood brain barrier, regulates growth and migration of neurons, and participates in information processing in the brain. oligodendrocytes schwann cells microglia ependymal cells astrocytes
astrocytes
Ligand-gated and mechanically-gated channels are mostly concentrated BLANK. along the axon within synaptic vesicles at the dendrites throughout the entire neuron at the end bulbs
at the dendrites
Which of the following would most likely cause hyperpolarization of a neuron?
chloride entering the neuron
Neurons are stimulated at their BLANK and release neurotransmitters from their BLANK. axons; dendrites dendrites; axons dendrites; cell bodies end bulbs; axons dendrites; end bulbs
dendrites, end bulbs
Which of the following is associated with stimulation (EPSP) of a neuron? depolarization repolarization hyperpolarization
depolarization
This neurotransmitter is involved in regulation of skeletal muscle bone, pleasure/ reward pathways, and attention. dopamine GABA Substance Pacetylcholine norepinephrine
dopamine
These cells produce cerebrospinal fluid. ependymal cells oligodendrocytes satellite cells schwann cells
ependymal cells
Which of the following is associated with inhibition (IPSP) of a neuron? hyperpolarization depolarization repolarization
hyperpolarization
The cells of the CNS (also called association neurons ) are responsible for the integrative function (analyze, store information, and make decisions) are called motor neurons schwann cells sensory neurons interneurons microglia
interneurons
Neurotransmitter receptors are a type of BLANK. leakage channels voltage-gated channels ligand-gated channels mechanically-gated channels sodium-potassium pump
ligand-gated channel
These cells are much like phagocytes of the immune system in that they can remove microbes and promote neuronal repair. astrocytes microglia Schwann cells oligodendrocytes ependymal cells
microaglia
Neurons that control effector organs are known as BLANK neurons. inter- afferent motor sensory association
motor
This neurotransmitter is responsible for "fight or flight" responses of the sympathetic nervous system. dopamine GABA Substance Pacetylcholine norepinephrine
norepinephrine
These cells form and maintain myelin sheaths around CNS axons. oligodendrocytes satellite cells schwann cells ependymal cells microglia
oligodendrocytes
Endorphins and enkephalins are are synthesized from tryptophan and function in sleep and mood. involved in "fight or flight" responses. opioid peptides that act as natural painkillers. neurotransmitters that enhance the perception of pain. types of antidepressant medications.
opioid peptides that act as natural painkillers.
During the repolarization phase of an action potential BLANK. sodium moves out of the neuron potassium over out of the neuron calcium moves into the neuron sodium moves into the neuron potassium moves into the neuron
potassium over out of the neuron
SSRI's such as zoloft, lexapro, and celexa act by Blocking substance P increasing GABA raising serotonin levels releasing endorphins blocking serotonin
raising serotonin levels.
These cells surround the cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system schwann cells ependymal cells satellite cells microglia oligodendrocytes
satellite cells
These cells wrap around a single axon of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to produce myelin sheaths. microglia oligodendrocytes ependymal cells schwann cells satellite cells
schwann cells
The sodium-potassium pump moves BLANK ions out of the neuron and BLANK ions into the neuron for every ATP molecule used.
3 sodium, 2 potassium
