A&P 1 Chapter 9 Set 1
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joint. It is either fibrous or cartilaginous, depending on the nature of the connection between opposing bones.
pads of cartilage or fat, ligaments, tendons, and bursae
Synovial joints may have a variety of accessory structures including
periodontal ligament
The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a
synovial fluid
fills the joints cavity orginates in the areolar tissue of the synovial membrane.
suture, gomphosis, synchondrosis, synostosis
four types of synarthrotic joints
lubrication, nutrient distribution, and shock absorption
functions of synovial fluid are
bursae
pockets of synovial fluid; cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub
extrinsic ligament
seperate from the joint capsule
ligaments
support, strengthen, and reinforce synovial joints; connects bone to bone
syndesmosis
bones are connected by a ligament. One example is the distal articulation between the tibia and fibula.
adventitious bursae
bursae that develop in abnormal locations, or because of abnormal stresses are called?
synovial joints
permit a wider range of motion than do other types of joints. They are typically located at the ends of long bones, such as those of the upper and lower limbs.
Amphiarthrosis
permits more movement than synarthrosis, but is much stronger than a freely moveable joint. The articulating bones are connected by collagen fibers or cartilage.
Joint capsule also called articular capsule
A synovial joint is surrounded by a two-layered what?
Synarthrosis
An immovable joint. It can be fibrous or cartilaginous, depending on the nature of the connection. Over time, the two bones may fuse.
Bony, Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial
Anatomical organization of the joint or structural classifications are?
Articulations
Because the bones of the skeleton are fairly inflexible, movements can occur only at these? or Joints, where two bones interconnect.
Diarthrosis
Freely moveable joint or synovial joint. Is subdivided acording to the nature or the movement permitted.
sprain
In this, a ligament is stretched to the point at which some of the collagen fibers are torn, but the ligament as a whole survives and the joint is not damaged.
Range of motion or anatomical organization
Joints are categorized according to their?
syndesmosis and symphysis
Two types of Amphiarthrosis
meniscus
a pad of fibrocartilage located between opposing bones within a synovial joint.
synchondrosis
a rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones. The cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and the sternum is this. Another example is the epiphyseal cartilage, which connects the diaphysis to the epiphysis in a growing long bone.
gomphosis
a synarthrosis that binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal ligament.
suture
a synarthrotic joint located only between the bones of the skull. The edges of the bones are interlocked and bound together at this by dense fibrous connective tissue.
synostosis
a totally rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears. The coronal suture of the frontal bone and the epiphyseal lines of mature long bones.
Synovial Joints
are freely moveable and classified as diarthrosis.
dislocation or luxation
articulating surfaces are forced out of position. It can damage articular cartilages, tear ligaments, or distort the joint capsule. very painful.
tendon
attach to muscles around joint; muscle to bone; helps support joint
synovial membrane
consists of areolar tissue covered by an incomplete epithelial layer.
synovial fluid
contains a high concentration of proteoglycans secreted by fibroblasts of the synovial membrane
Crepitus
cracking sounds of bones
fat pads
localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane; superficial to the joint capsule; protect the articular cartilages and act as packaging material for the joint
intrinsic ligament or capsular ligament
localized thinkenings of the joint capsule
articular cartilages
pad articulating surfaces within articular capsules; prevents bones from touching
subluxation
partial dislocation; is less severe. people who are double jointed are more likely to suffer this.
symphysis
the articulating bones are seperated by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage. The articulation between the two pubic bones is an example of this.
Synarthrosis
the bony edges are quite close together and may even interlock. These extremely strong joints are located where movement between the bones must be prevented.
synovial tendon sheath
tubular bursae that surround tendons where they cross bony surfaces.