A&P 1 Chapter 9 Set 1

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable joint. It is either fibrous or cartilaginous, depending on the nature of the connection between opposing bones.

pads of cartilage or fat, ligaments, tendons, and bursae

Synovial joints may have a variety of accessory structures including

periodontal ligament

The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a

synovial fluid

fills the joints cavity orginates in the areolar tissue of the synovial membrane.

suture, gomphosis, synchondrosis, synostosis

four types of synarthrotic joints

lubrication, nutrient distribution, and shock absorption

functions of synovial fluid are

bursae

pockets of synovial fluid; cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub

extrinsic ligament

seperate from the joint capsule

ligaments

support, strengthen, and reinforce synovial joints; connects bone to bone

syndesmosis

bones are connected by a ligament. One example is the distal articulation between the tibia and fibula.

adventitious bursae

bursae that develop in abnormal locations, or because of abnormal stresses are called?

synovial joints

permit a wider range of motion than do other types of joints. They are typically located at the ends of long bones, such as those of the upper and lower limbs.

Amphiarthrosis

permits more movement than synarthrosis, but is much stronger than a freely moveable joint. The articulating bones are connected by collagen fibers or cartilage.

Joint capsule also called articular capsule

A synovial joint is surrounded by a two-layered what?

Synarthrosis

An immovable joint. It can be fibrous or cartilaginous, depending on the nature of the connection. Over time, the two bones may fuse.

Bony, Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial

Anatomical organization of the joint or structural classifications are?

Articulations

Because the bones of the skeleton are fairly inflexible, movements can occur only at these? or Joints, where two bones interconnect.

Diarthrosis

Freely moveable joint or synovial joint. Is subdivided acording to the nature or the movement permitted.

sprain

In this, a ligament is stretched to the point at which some of the collagen fibers are torn, but the ligament as a whole survives and the joint is not damaged.

Range of motion or anatomical organization

Joints are categorized according to their?

syndesmosis and symphysis

Two types of Amphiarthrosis

meniscus

a pad of fibrocartilage located between opposing bones within a synovial joint.

synchondrosis

a rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones. The cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and the sternum is this. Another example is the epiphyseal cartilage, which connects the diaphysis to the epiphysis in a growing long bone.

gomphosis

a synarthrosis that binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal ligament.

suture

a synarthrotic joint located only between the bones of the skull. The edges of the bones are interlocked and bound together at this by dense fibrous connective tissue.

synostosis

a totally rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears. The coronal suture of the frontal bone and the epiphyseal lines of mature long bones.

Synovial Joints

are freely moveable and classified as diarthrosis.

dislocation or luxation

articulating surfaces are forced out of position. It can damage articular cartilages, tear ligaments, or distort the joint capsule. very painful.

tendon

attach to muscles around joint; muscle to bone; helps support joint

synovial membrane

consists of areolar tissue covered by an incomplete epithelial layer.

synovial fluid

contains a high concentration of proteoglycans secreted by fibroblasts of the synovial membrane

Crepitus

cracking sounds of bones

fat pads

localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane; superficial to the joint capsule; protect the articular cartilages and act as packaging material for the joint

intrinsic ligament or capsular ligament

localized thinkenings of the joint capsule

articular cartilages

pad articulating surfaces within articular capsules; prevents bones from touching

subluxation

partial dislocation; is less severe. people who are double jointed are more likely to suffer this.

symphysis

the articulating bones are seperated by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage. The articulation between the two pubic bones is an example of this.

Synarthrosis

the bony edges are quite close together and may even interlock. These extremely strong joints are located where movement between the bones must be prevented.

synovial tendon sheath

tubular bursae that surround tendons where they cross bony surfaces.