a&p 1 exam 1

why is maintenance of normal ph important

enzymes work best within narrow ranges of ph

negative feedback

A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.

merocrine glands

Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material

H+ will increase

In the reversible reaction, CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- , a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H+ in the blood?

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

what occurs in the secondary active transport of glucose

Na+ ions and glucose are cotransported by the same carrier molecule, the Na+-K+ pump maintains a Na+ concentration gradient inside the cell, energy comes from diffusion of Na+ down their concentration gradient, glucose is moved against its concentration gradient into the cell

neutral

a ph of 7 would be considered

marker molecules

communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bine to _______ on another cell

apocrine glands

contain myoepithelial cells with contractile properties that assist in the movement of secretory products upward and outward.

positive feedback

cyclic process that can continue to amplify your body's response to a stimulus, moving it farther away from a set point

true

epithelial tissue has very little extracellular material

gap junctions

epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many

simple cuboidal

epithelium that is primarily secretory in function

active transport

exocytosis would be considered

blood

fluid matrix

hyaline

forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone

brown adipose tissue

found mostly in babies, helps them regulate their body temperature

what kind of matrix is cartilage

gel matrix

lipid

general macromolecule that is relatively insoluble in water

exocytosis

gets rid of waste

dehydration synthesis

glucose + glucose = maltose and water, amino acid + amino acid = dipeptide + water

isotonic

ideal type of solution that can be injected directly into your veins without any adverse effects on your red blood cells (no net movement of water in or out of the cell)

hypertonic to a cell

if a .9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a solution of 3.5% NaCl would be

simple squamous epithelium

if one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of

areolar

lacy proteins with fluid-filled spaces, a very loose packing of cells and ECM. substance on which basement membrane often rests

facilitated diffusion

ligands open and then Na+ moves via ______ into the neuron

areolar

loosely packed matrix of protein fibers

protection, withstanding abrasion

main function of stratified epithelial tissue

channel

membrane protein that forms passageways through the plasma membrane, allowing specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell; may be gated or non-gated

bone

mineralized matrix

higher ph

more hydrogen ions

smooth

movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of this type of muscle tissue

basement membrane

noncellular layer of material that holds epithelial tissue in place

7.35-7.45

normal ph for blood

secondary active transport

process by which energy is provided by the movement of other molecules down their concentration gradient

enzyme

protein catalysts in the body

pinocytosis

specific type of endocytosis

dense irregular collagenous

specific type of tissue found in the dermis of the skin and outer coverings of organs, structure provides strength in many directions

dense regular collagenous

specific type of tissue that consists of collagen fibers, very strong, often binds muscle to bones or bones to bones

dense irregular elastic

specific type of tissue that is found in areas requiring elasticity and strength in many directions, such as the aorta or blood vessels

hyaline cartilage

specific type of tissue that is important for growth of most bones (most bone starts as this type of tissue)

the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure

the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that

cardiac

the type of muscle that is striated and under involuntary control

dense regular elastic

tissue found in vocal folds and nuchal ligament

Homopoietic tissue

tissue that functions to produce blood cells

reticular

type of connective tissue that is a framework for lymphatic tissue

transitional

type of epithelial tissue found in the urinary bladder

Pseudostratified

type of epithelial tissue that appears to be stratified, but all cells contact basement membrane

endocrine

type of gland in which there is no open contact with exterior; no ducts; and produces hormones

glial

type of nervous tissue cell that provides support to those that send electrical signals

hydrophilic

water loving/soluble

muscular

what type of tissue is contractile

voltage-gated channels

when a sperm cell comes in contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. these channels would be called