a&p 1 exam 1
why is maintenance of normal ph important
enzymes work best within narrow ranges of ph
negative feedback
A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
merocrine glands
Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material
H+ will increase
In the reversible reaction, CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- , a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H+ in the blood?
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
what occurs in the secondary active transport of glucose
Na+ ions and glucose are cotransported by the same carrier molecule, the Na+-K+ pump maintains a Na+ concentration gradient inside the cell, energy comes from diffusion of Na+ down their concentration gradient, glucose is moved against its concentration gradient into the cell
neutral
a ph of 7 would be considered
marker molecules
communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bine to _______ on another cell
apocrine glands
contain myoepithelial cells with contractile properties that assist in the movement of secretory products upward and outward.
positive feedback
cyclic process that can continue to amplify your body's response to a stimulus, moving it farther away from a set point
true
epithelial tissue has very little extracellular material
gap junctions
epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many
simple cuboidal
epithelium that is primarily secretory in function
active transport
exocytosis would be considered
blood
fluid matrix
hyaline
forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone
brown adipose tissue
found mostly in babies, helps them regulate their body temperature
what kind of matrix is cartilage
gel matrix
lipid
general macromolecule that is relatively insoluble in water
exocytosis
gets rid of waste
dehydration synthesis
glucose + glucose = maltose and water, amino acid + amino acid = dipeptide + water
isotonic
ideal type of solution that can be injected directly into your veins without any adverse effects on your red blood cells (no net movement of water in or out of the cell)
hypertonic to a cell
if a .9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a solution of 3.5% NaCl would be
simple squamous epithelium
if one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of
areolar
lacy proteins with fluid-filled spaces, a very loose packing of cells and ECM. substance on which basement membrane often rests
facilitated diffusion
ligands open and then Na+ moves via ______ into the neuron
areolar
loosely packed matrix of protein fibers
protection, withstanding abrasion
main function of stratified epithelial tissue
channel
membrane protein that forms passageways through the plasma membrane, allowing specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell; may be gated or non-gated
bone
mineralized matrix
higher ph
more hydrogen ions
smooth
movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of this type of muscle tissue
basement membrane
noncellular layer of material that holds epithelial tissue in place
7.35-7.45
normal ph for blood
secondary active transport
process by which energy is provided by the movement of other molecules down their concentration gradient
enzyme
protein catalysts in the body
pinocytosis
specific type of endocytosis
dense irregular collagenous
specific type of tissue found in the dermis of the skin and outer coverings of organs, structure provides strength in many directions
dense regular collagenous
specific type of tissue that consists of collagen fibers, very strong, often binds muscle to bones or bones to bones
dense irregular elastic
specific type of tissue that is found in areas requiring elasticity and strength in many directions, such as the aorta or blood vessels
hyaline cartilage
specific type of tissue that is important for growth of most bones (most bone starts as this type of tissue)
the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure
the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that
cardiac
the type of muscle that is striated and under involuntary control
dense regular elastic
tissue found in vocal folds and nuchal ligament
Homopoietic tissue
tissue that functions to produce blood cells
reticular
type of connective tissue that is a framework for lymphatic tissue
transitional
type of epithelial tissue found in the urinary bladder
Pseudostratified
type of epithelial tissue that appears to be stratified, but all cells contact basement membrane
endocrine
type of gland in which there is no open contact with exterior; no ducts; and produces hormones
glial
type of nervous tissue cell that provides support to those that send electrical signals
hydrophilic
water loving/soluble
muscular
what type of tissue is contractile
voltage-gated channels
when a sperm cell comes in contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. these channels would be called