a&p 1 final
the axial skeleton contains ____. 1. skull 2. scapula 3. true and false ribs 4. vertebrae 5. phalanges
1, 3, 4
Toya stepped on a tack while barefoot. It pierced all the way into the dermis. Through which strata of the epidermis did the tack pierce, from superficial to deep? 1. Stratum basale 2. Stratum Corneum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum spinosum
2, 4, 3, 5, 1
there are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages? 1. bony callus formation 2. bone remodeling 3. fibrocartilage callus formation 4. hematoma formation
4, 3, 1, 2
which of the following muscles are antagonists? a) biceps brachii and triceps brachii b) biceps femoris and biceps brachii c) vastus medialis and vastus lateralis d) masseter and temporalis e) gastrocnemius and soleus
a) biceps brachii and triceps brachii
Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as _____. a) canaliculi b) perforating (Volkmann's) canals c) central (Haversian) canals d) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
a) canaliculi
A little girl on the playground fell and scraped her knee. You notice her knee shows no signs of bleeding. Therefore, this must be only a superficial scrape to the___________ a) epidermis b) both epidermis and dermis c) epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis d) entire cutaneous membrane e) entire synovial membrane
a) epidermis
Type of tissue that can be simple or stratified a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
a) epithelial tissue
type of tissue that has an apical surface and a basement membrane a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
a) epithelial tissue
type of tissue that is common in glands and their ducts a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
a) epithelial tissue
which movement is antagonistic to extension? a) flexion b) rotation c) circumduction d) adduction e) supination
a) flexion
the right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the ____ region. a) hypogastric (pubic) b) right hypochondriac c) right lumbar d) left hypochondriac
a) hypogastric (pubic)
what is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)? a) inflammation b) formation of scar tissue c) formation of granulation tissue d) fibrosis e) regeneration
a) inflammation
the hyoid bone is unique because it ____. a) is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone b) is an irregular bone c) belongs to both the axial and appendicular skeletons d) has no specific functions e) largely consists of cartilage
a) is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
which layer of the epidermis forms the nail bed? a) stratum basale b) stratum corneum c) stratum granulosum d) stratum lucidum e) stratum spinosum
a) stratum basale
type of movement that allows you to carry a soup bowl a) supination b) adduction c) flexion d) extension e) plantar flexion
a) supination
the diaphragm creates a _____ section between the thoracic and abdominal body cavities. a) transverse (cross) b) median c) midsagittal d) frontal (coronal)
a) transverse (cross)
Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract? a) sodium ions rush into the cell b) acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma and allows passage of sodium ions into the cell c) potassium ions diffuse out of the muscle cell d) the sodium-potassium pump restores sodium and potassium back to their initial positions e) acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine
b) acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma and allows passage of sodium ions into the cell
the movement of a limb toward the body midline a) supination b) adduction c) flexion d) extension e) plantar flexion
b) adduction
which muscle group adducts the thighs? a) gluteus muscles b) adductor group c) hamstring group d) quadriceps group e) fibularis muscles
b) adductor group
the presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ____. a) adipose b) cartilage c) bone d) blood e) areolar
b) cartilage
the tissue that is usually vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ____. a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue e) brain tissue
b) connective tissue
type of tissue that can be classified as loose or dense a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
b) connective tissue
type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
b) connective tissue
type of tissue that contains collage, elastic, or reticular fibers a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
b) connective tissue
type of tissue that supports, protects, and binds tissues together a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
b) connective tissue
the vertebral region is ____ to the sternal region. a) lateral b) dorsal (posterior) c) ventral (anterior) d) medial
b) dorsal (posterior)
When our body temperature rises above 37 C or 98 F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temp. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temp. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland? a) stimulus b) effector c) receptor d) control center
b) effector
When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing _____. a) to the side b) forward c) down d) behind
b) forward
the central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the ____. a) pleural cavity b) mediastinum c) quadrant c) visceral cavity
b) mediastinum
which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers? a) blood b) scar tissue c) transitional epithelium d) pseudostratified columnar epithelium e) simple cuboidal epithelium
b) scar tissue
which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria? a) sweat b) sebum c) carotene d) melanin
b) sebum
vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by the loss of skin pigmentation. evaluate the following findings from various skin slides (from arm skin) and select the sample from a patient with vitiligo. a) slide a had both sebaceous and sudoriferous glands present b) slide b had no melanin present in the epidermis c) slide c had no collagen fibers present in the dermis d) slide d had no keratin present in the epidermis e) slide e clearly showed dermal papillae
b) slide b had no melanin present in the epidermis
immovable joints are functionally classified as ____. a) diarthroses b) synarthroses c) amphiarthroses d) symphyses
b) synarthroses
which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself it injured? a) cardiac muscle tissue b) dense connective tissue c) skeletal muscle tissue d) nervous tissue e) epithelial tissue
e) epithelial tissue
which bones are associated with the palm of the hand? a) phalanges b) carpals c) metatarsals d) tarsals e) metacarpals
e) metacarpals
type of movement that points the toes a) supination b) adduction c) flexion d) extension e) plantar flexion
e) plantar flexion
which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells? a) pseudostratified columnar epithelium b) simple squamous epithelium c) simple columnar epithelium d) simple cuboidal epithelium e) stratified squamous epithelium
e) stratified squamous epithelium
which of the following muscles acts as a synergist to the masseter and closes the jaw? a) buccinator b) zygomaticus c) frontalis d) sternocleidomastoid e) temporalis
e) temporalis
a skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that ____. a) the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch is a normal muscle response b) the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is cause by very rapid multiple stimuli c) the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and jerky d) the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups e) the muscle twitch is a brief and jerky movement while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous
e) the muscle twitch is a brief and jerky movement while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous
true or false: osteoporosis is a bone-thinning disease that often affects young women
false
true or false: Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses.
true
true or false: the medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula form the two parts of the ankle
true
You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female since ____. a) the angle of the female pubic arch is smaller than in a male b) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male c) the distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less than in male d) the female iliac bones are less flared than in a male e) the female pelvis as a whole is deeper, and the bones are heavier and thicker than in a male
b) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male
The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by: a) the all or none law b) the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to feedback regulation of synthesis c) the inability of the muscle to contract even if it is being stimulated d) a total lack of ATP in the body e) inadequate numbers of mitochondria in muscle cells
b) the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to feedback regulation of synthesis
on an exam, you recognize the bone in front of you as a long bone. it has a rather large knobby head and a tuberosity on its proximal end; two epicondyles and two rounded condyles are present on the distal end. what bone marking or characteristic helps you conclude the bone is a femur? a) head b) tuberosity c) epicondyles d) condyles e) long bone
b) tuberosity
the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities are subdivisions of the ____ cavity. a) superior b) ventral c) dorsal d) pelvic
b) ventral
what will decrease a person's risk for development of the bone-thinning disease known as osteoporosis? a) smoking b) weight-bearing exercises c) loss of estrogen in females who are post-menopausal d) lack of vitamin D e) diet poor in calcium and protein
b) weight-bearing exercises
amy works as an administrative assistant and has developed carpal tunnel syndrome. what part of her body is affected? a) elbow b) wrist c) shoulder d) neck e) lower back
b) wrist
Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected? a) hyperplasia b) neoplasm c) atrophy d) benign e) malignant
c) atrophy
which of the following is the least malignant and most common skin cancer that affects the cells of stratum basale? a) squamous cell carcinoma b) malignant melanoma c) basal cell carcinoma d) psoriasis
c) basal cell carcinoma
Pufferfish contain a venom known as tetrodotoxin (TTX), which makes sodium channels stay closed. You'd expect a muscle cell treated with TTX to ________. a) produce contractions that are stronger than normal b) produce action potentials in rapid sequence c) be unable to produce an action potential d) operate the sodium-potassium pump more slowly e) continue forming cross bridges
c) be unable to produce an action potential
Which type of connective tissue is avascular? a) adipose b) bone c) cartilages d) areolar e) reticular
c) cartilages
what function do the arrector pili muscles serve? a) produce and release sebum b) provide nourishment to the hair follicle c) connect each side of the hair follicle to dermal tissue d) cover and protect the nail bed e) provide keratin to the hair
c) connect each side of the hair follicle to dermal tissue
prior to surgery, a patient will be given a muscle relaxant. evaluate the following drug descriptions and select the one that will promote muscle relaxation. a) drug a increases an influx of calcium ions into the axon terminal b) drug b inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine by preventing acetylcholinesterase from acting c) drug c decreases the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor d) drug d increases the release of calcium from the sacroplasmic reticulum e) drug e promotes an increase in acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles
c) drug c decreases the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor
Type of movement that decreases the angle of the joint a) supination b) adduction c) flexion d) extension e) plantar flexion
c) flexion
Which spinal curvature is associated with the lower back and appears when a baby begins to walk? a) cervical b) primary c) lumbar d) thoracic e) sacral
c) lumbar
Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivity a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
c) nervous tissue
type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
c) nervous tissue
after an explosion during a fireworks show, a number of people arrive at the emergency room with burns to their skin. you and a colleague are assessing patients to determine who needs assistance first. evaluate the signs and symptoms of the following patients and determine whose burn is most severe. a) patient a has some pain in the burned skin b) patient b has some discomfort around the site of the burn c) patient c has blanched or blackened burned skin d) patient d has red and swollen burned skin e) patient e has a few blisters present on the burned skin
c) patient c has blanched or blackened burned skin
Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________. a) reticular layer of the dermis b) subcutaneous tissue c) stratum lucidum d) hypodermis e) papillary layer of the dermis
c) stratum lucidum
Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________. a) epidermis b) papillary layer of the dermis c) subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) d) reticular layer of the dermis e) stratum corneum
c) subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
the main function of the respiratory system is to ____. a) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues b) produce sperm and eggs c) supply the body with oxygen and remove co2 d) control body activities through hormones released into the blood e) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal
c) supply the body with oxygen and remove co2
how does the formation of a bony callus assist with the process of bone healing after a fracture? a) the presence of a bony callus allows new blood vessels to grow into the damaged site b) cells forming the bony callus help to splint the broken bone and close the gap c) the bony callus is made of spongy bone which replaces the fibrocartilage callus d) the blood clot created upon the fracture of the bone is removed by phagocytes within the fibrocartilage callus
c) the bony callus is made of spongy bone which replaces the fibrocartilage callus
the abdominopelvic cavity has ____ quadrants and ____ regions. a) 6; 10 b) 9; 4 c) 4; 2 d) 4; 9
d) 4; 9
you're assisting with an exam for a young boy who broke the distal ends of his fibula and tibia. the physician examined the x-ray and discussed the evaluation with the family. the conversation focused on the potential loss of lengthwise growth at the broken end of the boy's bones. from this information, you assess the break must have affected the _____. a) articular cartilage b) spongy bone c) medullary cavity d) epiphyseal plate e) epiphyseal line
d) epiphyseal plate
Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the exception. a) humerus b) radius c) scapula d) fibula e) clavicle
d) fibula
the physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the x-ray revealed a(n) ____. a) impacted fracture b) compression fracture c) comminuted fracture d) greenstick fracture e) open fracture
d) greenstick fracture
which part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone? a) greater trochanter b) surgical neck c) patellar surface d) head e) linea aspera
d) head
which bone has a trochlea and a capitulum at its distal end? a) ulna b) radius c) tibia d) humerus e) femur
d) humerus
what characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue? a) presence of striations b) long, slow contractions c) presence of intercalated disc d) involuntary contractions e) presence of short, branching cells
d) involuntary contractions
Type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntary a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
d) muscle tissue
Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movement a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) nervous tissue d) muscle tissue
d) muscle tissue
Which of these regions is NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head? a) buccal b) oral c) orbital d) occipital e) nasal
d) occipital
which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others? a) chemical level b) tissue level c) organ level d) organ system level e) cellular level
d) organ system level
milk production during breastfeeding is increased by suckling of a newborn from his mother's nipple. this type of feedback mechanism best describes ___. a) negative feedback b) an abnormal physiological mechanism c) homeostatic imbalance d) positive feedback e) both negative and positive feedback
d) positive feedback
the sural region is ____ to the crural region. a) superior (proximal) b) inferior (distal) c) anterior d) posterior
d) posterior
Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow a) adipose tissue b) dense connective tissue c) areolar tissue d) reticular connective tissue e) osseous tissue
d) reticular connective tissue
which of the following contains chemicals that kill bacteria and prevent bacterial invasions of the skin? a) sweat b) hemoglobin c) keratin d) sebum e) melanin
d) sebum
Andy sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured? a) ribs b) vertebrae c) hips d) skull
d) skull
select the functional type of joint with the least amount of mobility a) amphiathrosis b) synovial c) diarthrosis d) synarthrosis e) cartilaginous
d) synarthrosis
which of these muscles is the prime mover of elbow extension? a) brachialis b) latissumus dorse c) deltoid d) triceps brachii e) biceps brachii
d) triceps brachii
Which method of regenerating ATP during muscle contraction can produce lactic acid? a) aerobic respiration b) oxidative phosphorylation c) direct phosphorylation d) creatine phosphate e) anaerobic glycolysis
e) anaerobic glycolysis
which type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints? a) yellow marrow b) endosteum c) spongy bone d) periosteum e) articular cartilage
e) articular cartilage
