A&P 1111 Unit 16 & 17
ejection fraction
% of ventricle emptied at systole
What ion is primarily responsible for maintaining the contractile myocytes prolonged contraction phase?
Calcium
Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the heart tissue into the right atrium?
Coronary veins
Pericardia effusion
Excess fluid in cavity
What is the function of the myocardium?
It produces the heart's strong and continuous pumping action.
The pacemaking electrical impulses originate from myocytes called:
SA node
conduction cells
SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers
An Impulse travels through the hearts conduction system in which of the following sequences?
Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, bundled branches, perkinje fibers
What is the purpose of the heart valves?
To control the flow of blood through the heart and prevent blood backflow
Contractile and conduction cells have different forms of action potentials.
True
Evaluate the following statement: Because the heart generates its own electrical stimulation, it can continue to beat for a short time after being removed from the body.
True
Ductus venosus
allows blood to bypass the fetal liver
Foramen ovale
allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation
End-systolic volume
amount remaining in ventricles after contraction - about 50 ml
The heart is ______ to the trachea.
anterior
The heart is located _______ to the esophagus, and the _________ separates it from the esophagus.
anterior, trachea
The _________ is the largest artery in the body.
aorta
oxygenated blood flows from the heart through systemic circulation in which order?
arteries, arterials, capillaries, venules, veins
in systemic circulation, oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart into _________, which carry it to body tissues. _______ carries the oxygenated blood back to the heart.
arteries, veins
All of the following are types of blood vessels except
atria
P wave
atrial systole/deplarization
The conduction system of the heart is controlled by the _______ nervous system.
autonomic
the ________ are there a supply the upper limbs, and the _________ are they supplied the lower limbs.
axillary, femoral
the first and last step of systemic circulation are:
blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta, blood drains from the superior and inferior vinaigaba into the right atrium
the volume of blood, in liters, that each ventricle of the heart ejects every minute is known as ________.
cardiac output
If your friend asked you to explain an activity that increases cardiac output to the maximum, which of the following would you say?
cardiac output increases with physical activity, rising to a maximum that may be four times greater than the resting output.
which order is Supply the brain?
carotid
Umbilical Vein
carries oxygen and other nutrients to the fetus
Funny channels are part of:
conduction myocytes
Systemic veins carry _________, and systemic arteries carry ________.
deoxygenated blood, oxygenated blood
Ductus arteriosus
diverts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta
Which of the following best describes the role of the pericardium?
encloses and protects the heart
Which of the following accurately lists the layers of the heart wall, from interior to exterior?
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
the purpose of valves is to:
ensure unidirectional blood flow
Placenta
exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste
An adult heart is approximately the size of a
fist
What allows the electrical coupling of neighboring contractile myocytes?
gap junctions
What is the function of the heart in relation to the circulatory system?
it controls the circulation of blood throughout the body.
Which of the following causes blood pressure?
it is caused by the blood flow generated by the heart as it pumps and the resistance that blood encounters as it moves through the enclosed vessel.
What is the function of the thoracic cage in regards to the heart?
it surrounds and protects the heart
the major veins training the head are the:
jugular veins
The conduction system of the heart regulates the electrical impulses that
make the heart beat
The heart is located _______ to the two lungs, and the _______ lung experiences the greatest displacement due to the heart's location.
medial, left
contractile cells
myocadiocytes
the layer of the heart wall primarily responsible for the hearts pumping action is the:
myocardium
SA node
natural pacemaker
At the resting membrane potential of a contractile myocyte, the inside of the plasma membrane is
negative
Heart rate
number of cardiac cycles per minute
pulmonary veins carry _______, and pulmonary arteries carry _______.
oxygenated blood, deoxygenated blood
"Red blood" designates ________ blood, which is only seen in the chambers on the _______ side of the heart.
oxygenated, left
Chordae tendineae are chordlike tendons that are anchored to
papillary muscles.
The right and left ventricles contain _______ muscles, which contract to pull on the chordae tendineae. The purpose of the chordae tendineae is to ___________.
papillary, prevent inversion of the heart valves
the iliac veins are located in which area of the body?
pelvic region
Which of the following statements accurately describes pulmonary circulation?
pulmonary circulation delivers deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
If your friend asked you to distinguish between pulmonary and systemic circulation, which of the following would you most likely say?
pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and lungs and systemic circulation moves blood between heart and the rest of the body.
The kidneys are supplied by the:
renal arteries
The flow of blood through the heart and pulmonary circulation occurs in which sequence?
right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary circulation, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve
Pericardium
sack surrounding the heart
The heart is located within the thoracic cage, between the ________ and ________ rib.
second and fifth
Pericardial cavity
serous fluid
which part of the heart's conduction system sends the impulse that begins the process of conduction?
sinoatrial (SA) node
Which of the following accurately lists the structures through which electrical impulses pass, from initiation to culmination?
sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
when blood pressure increases, blood flow _________. when resistance increases, blood flow _________.
speeds up, slows down
The visible surface of the heart shown here is the ____________ surface.
sternocostal
___________ is the amount of blood a ventricle pumps out during one contraction.
stroke volume
cardiac output is determined from which of the following factors?
stroke volume and heart rate
Cardiac output
stroke volume times heart rate
the function of coronary circulation is to:
supply cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood and drain deoxygenated blood from it
During _______, the ventricles contract and blood pumps out of the heart. during _________, the ventricles relax and blood flows into the heart.
systole, diastol
120 mmhg, or millimeters of mercury, is the average _________ pressure for an adult.
systolic
the point of highest blood pressure is ________ pressure, and the point of lowest blood pressure ________ pressure.
systolic, diastolic
If a friend asked you to describe the spatial relationship among the heart, lungs, and diaphragm, which of the following would you most likely say?
the heart is located between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm.
the superior and inferior mesentric arteries primarily Supply:
the intestines
If your instructor asked you to explain why the myocardium is thicker in the left ventricle than the right ventricle, which of the following would you most likely say?
the left ventricle has to pump harder to overcome the high resistance required to pump blood into the long systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle does not need to generate as much pressure since the pulmonary circuit is shorter and provides less resistance.
Why do you think the heart is called a "double-pump"?
the right and left sides of the heart work in coordination to pump oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Which of the following statements accurately compares the right and left atrioventricular valves?
the right atrioventricular valve has three cusps, whereas the left atrioventricular valve has two.
arteries are structurally different from bands in which way?
the thicker and stretch your walls to accommodate higher pressures. they lack valves.
Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between the right and left ventricles?
the walls of the left ventricle are three times thicker than those of the right ventricle
Which of the following is a shared characteristic among all blood vessel types?
they all have lumens
Myocardium
thickest layer
Endocardium
thin layer of simple squamous epithelium
QT interval
time of depolarization and repolarization of ventricles
Blood moving from the atria into the ventricles flow through which two valves?
tricuspid (right AV) and mitral (bicuspid or left AV)
All of the following are structures arteries and veins have in common except
valves
angiotensin II
vasoconstrictor
antidiuretic hormone
vasoconstrictor
endothelial derived factors
vasoconstrictor
epinephrine
vasoconstrictor
norepinephrine
vasoconstrictor
atrial natriuretic peptide
vasodilator
ethanol
vasodilator
histamine
vasodilator
kinins
vasodilator
nitric oxide
vasodilator
Which of the following statements accurately describes systole and diastole?
ventricular contraction and constriction are known as systole, whereas ventricular relaxation and expansion are known as diastole.
T wave
ventricular repolarization
QRS Complex
ventricular systole/depolarization
Epicardium
visceral layer of pericardium
Stroke volume output
volume the ventricles decreases after systole in mL
The heart is located _________ the thoracic cage, ________ the lungs, and the diaphragm
within, between, superior to
