A&P 2: Blood

Does an Rh+ mother carrying an Rh- fetus require a RhoGAM injection? Explain your answer.

An Rh+ mother carrying an Rh- fetus does not require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is not at risk of Rh incompatibility. The fetus is not at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens, and the mother's plasma lacks anti-Rh antibodies.

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. What do you know about Bill's Rh Antibody?

Bills RH antibody is negative bills plasma contains B antibodies

What is hematology?

Hematology is the study of blood and its components, fluids and cells. Also includes the study of blood forming organs and blood disease

Define hemocytoblasts

Hemocytoblasts form from hematopoietic stem cells and divide into lymphoid stem cellsand myeloid stem cells.

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2in the RBCs.

Hemoglobin molecules

Compare the types of cells that lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells produce.

Lymphoid cells originate in the red bone marrow and give rise to lymphocytes; these stem cells also produce lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Myeloid stem cells are cells in red bone marrow that give rise to all the formed elements except lymphocytes.

Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O-blood?

Only O blood can be safely transfused into a person whose blood type is O.

Compare pernicious anemia with iron deficiency anemia.

Pernicious anemia is insufficient red blood cell production caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, whereas iron deficiency anemia is impaired hemoglobin synthesis caused by a deficiency in dietary intake or absorption of iron

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes.

RBC count

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Sickle cell anemia

Identify the 5 types of white blood cells

The five types of white blood cells are neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils, and lymphocytes.

Define hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

The mother's antibodies attack the RBC of the newborn/fetus Newborn's RBCs are being attacked by antibodies from the mother. Attack beings in the womb and is caused by an incompatibility between the mother's and baby's blood. symptom: Jaundice

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

Thrombin

Which of the followingvitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

Vitamin K

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, what would youexpectin his/ her blood?

a drop in oxygen levels, the release of erythropoietin, and a rise in hematocrit. a drop in oxygen levels. B) the release of erythropoietin. C) a rise in hematocrit. D) an increase in red blood cell production.

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells.

differential count

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production is regulated by thehormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________.

erythropoietin ; kidneys

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen

A person with Type A blood has .......type of antibody on RBCs and .........type of antibody in plasma?

has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is called

hematocrit

Which specific plasma proteins would you expect to be elevated during an infection?

immunoglobins (antibodies) would be elevated during infection

) Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

iron deficiency anemia Vitamin B12 deficiency

Describe hemoglobin

is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is due to ............

lack of nucleus

A cancer involving neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils is called a.

myleiod lukemia

Duringa bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of........

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

often elevated in allergic individuals

The function of red blood cells is to carry.........

oxygen

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

oxygen levels in the blood decrease. blood flow to the kidney declines.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes.

A condition where pathogens are present and multiplying in the blood is called

septicemia.

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45% red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

5.6

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55 ; 92

The normal pH of blood is

7.35-7.45

Identify the two types of leukemia.

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - the most common type of leukemia in adults​Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - the 2nd most common type of leukemia

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Coagulation

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level?

anemia

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive bloodfrom a person with type B blood?

because the anti-B antibodies in the plasma of the type A recipient would bind to B antigens on the donor's RBCs, causing the transfused RBCs to clump or agglutinate, which could block blood flow to various organs and tissues.

Hormones called ________ areinvolved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

colony stimulating factor

Define hemostasis

stoppage of bleeding stopping flow of blood

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from......artery/vein?

superficial vein

What is determined by the surface antigens on RBCs?

the genetic inheritance from each parent determines which antigens are expressed on the surface of an individual's red blood cells.

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

the liver

Define hematocrit

the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B antibodies.

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.

The most abundant component of plasma is........

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood