A&P 2 Chapter 24/25

The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin... - A. - B. - C. - D. - E.

A

What can result from weakening of digestive smooth muscle with age? - constipation - hemorrhoids - inflammation of he haustra - any of these conditions can occur with age-related weakening of the digestive smooth muscle.

Any of these conditions can occur with age-related weakening of the digestive smooth muscle.

Scurvy is a result of deficiency in vitamin... - A. - B. - C. - D. - E.

C

Inadequate exposure to sunlight could results in decreased amounts of vitamin ______ in the body. - A - B12 - C - D - E

D

The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin... - A. - B. - C. - D. - E.

D

Which is NOT a reason the stomach is acidic? - Kills microorganisms. - Denatures proteins. - Activates pepsin. - Emulsification of lipids. - Helps break down plant cell walls and connective tissue in meat.

Emulsification of lipids.

What statement does NOT pertain to the cephalic phase of gastric secretion? - It usually lasts only a few minutes. - It is triggered by sensory input, such as sight, as well as mental input, such as thinking about food. - It controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. - Mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, and G cells receive signals through the submucosal plexus.

It controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin... - A. - B. - C. - E. - K.

K

Which of the following describes the local response in the stomach during the gastric phase of gastric regulation? - Signals from the myenteric plexus trigger forceful contractions called mixing waves. - Released histamines stimulate parietal cells to secrete acid. - It is triggered by the presence of peptides and amino acids in the chyme. - Stressful situations directly inhibit the local response during the gastric phase.

Released histamines stimulate parietal cells to secrete acid.

What do the gastroenteric reflex and the gastroileal reflex have in common? - They are both triggered during the gastric phase of regulation. - They are both inhibited by large amounts of carbohydrates. - They both affects the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine through the ileocecal valve. - They both respond to signals associated with the distension of the stomach wall.

They both respond to signals associated with the distension of the stomach wall.

The functions of the oral cavity includes all of the following EXCEPT... - mechanical processing of food. - absorption of monosaccharides. - sensory analysis of material before swallowing. - digestion of carbohydrates. - lubrication.

absorption of monosaccharides

In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are need to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions? - islet of Langerhans cells - acinar cells - duct cells

acinar cells

Each of the following is a function of the liver EXCEPT... - synthesis and secretion of bile. - inactivation of toxins. - storage of glycogen and iron reserves. - synthesis of plasma proteins. - antibody production.

antibody production

The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following? - bile - intrinsic factor - bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus - digestive enzymes such as CCK and secretin

bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus

The fushion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the... - bile canaliculus. - hepatic portal vein. - common pancreatic duct. - bile duct. - porta hepatis.

bile duct

Which of the following answers correctly lists the phases of the swallowing process before the bolus enters the stomach? - buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal - esophageal, pharyngeal, buccal - buccal esophageal, pharyngeal - pharyngeal, buccal, esophageal

buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal

The end products of aerobic respiration are... - oxygen and water. - pyruvic acid and carbon dioxide. - carbon dioxide and alcohol. - carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. - NADH and FADH2.

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen? - chief - paracrine (also known as enteroendocrine cells) - parietal

chief

The energy produced from aerobic metabolism comes from what two sources? - glycolysis and the electron transport chain - glycolysis and fermentation - fermentation and the citric acid cycle - glycolysis and the citric acid cycle - citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called... - enamel. - cement. - dentin. - pulp. - periodontium.

dentin

Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical _________ begin. - digestion - mastication - secretions - deglutition - ingestion

digestion

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer. 1. lamina propria 2. muscularis externa 3. submucosa 4. digestive (mucous) epithelium 5. serosa 6. muscularis mucosae

digestive (mucous) epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Most of the ATP from metabolism is produced in the... - mitochondrial matrix. - citric acid cycle. - electron transport system. - glycolysis. - cytosol.

electron transport system

Hormones are released from the mucosa layer by these cells. - Kupffer cells - enteroendocrine cells - serous cells - mucus cells - Paneth cells

enteroendocrine cells

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the... - sight, thought, or smell of food. - release of cholecystokinin and secretion by the small intestine. - entry of chyme into the large intestine. - entry of food into the stomach. - entry of chyme into the small intestine.

entry of food into the stomach

The nasogastric tube will be inserted through the nose, travel through the pharynx and will ultimately end in the stomach. After passing through the pharynx, what long muscular passageway will the NG tube pass through to get to the stomach? - trachea - esophagus - colon - small intestine

esophagus

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of... - complex carbohydrates. - disaccharides. - proteins. - fats. - vitamins.

fats

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are... - nucleic acids. - vitamins. - proteins. - carbohydrates. - fats.

fats

Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation? - the thought of food - nausea - fear - a lemon

fear

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system? - ingestion - mechanical processing - filtration - absorption - secretion

filtration

Bile is stored in the... - duodenum. - liver. - appendix. - gallbladder. - pancreas.

gallbladder

G cells of the stomach secrete... - enteropeptidase. - gastrin. - pepsin. - secretin. - cholecystokinin.

gastrin

The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it... - has folds in the mucosa. - secretes digestive hormones. - moves by peristalsis. - has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa. - secretes digestive juice.

has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa

The essential functions of the liver include all of the following EXCEPT... - albumin production for blood osmotic pressure. - bile production. - hematological regulation. - hormonal regulation. - metabolic regulation.

hormonal regulation

Parietal cells secrete... - gastrin. - pepsinogen. - mucus. - hydrochloric acid. - enteropeptidase.

hydrochloric acid

The purpose of the fecal transplant is to get healthy bacteria inside the digestive tract so they can colonize the large intestine. After the fecal transplant is deposited into the stomach, it must pass through the small intestine before reaching its target. What is the name of the last part of the small intestine before it connects to the large intestine? - jejunum - ileum - duodenum - cecum

ileum

Circular folds and intestinal villi... - secrete digestive enzymes. - increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. - produce hormones. - carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries. - produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine

The basic functional units of the liver are the... - bile canaliculi. - stellate macrophages. - lobules. - portal areas. - hepatocytes.

lobules

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called... - mass movements. - defecation. - segmentation. - pendular movements. - haustral churning.

mass movements

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called... - anabolism. - metabolism. - oxidative phosphorylation. - catabolism. - glycolysis.

metabolism

Brush border enzymes are found in the... - plicae circularis. - microvilli. - circular folds. - rugae. - villi.

microvilli

The gastroileal reflex... - promotes gastric secretion. - empties the duodenum. - moves some chyme to the colon. - is relayed through the CNS. - decreases peristaltic activity.

moves some chyme to the colon

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from... - parasympathetic stimulation. - hunger. - sympathetic stimulation. - myenteric reflexes. - hormonal stimulation.

parasympathetic stimulation

Functions of the tongue include all of the following EXCEPT... - sensory analysis of food. - aiding in speech - mechanical processing of food. - manipulation of food. - partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx

Chief cells secrete... - hydrochloric acid. - pepsinogen. - intrinsic factor. - mucus. - gastrin.

pepsinogen

Each tooth is held in the alveolar socket by the... - alveolar tendon. - cement. - apical foramen. - roots. - periodontal ligament.

periodontal ligament

Waves of the muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called... - pendular movements. - segmentation. - peristalsis. - churning movements. - mastication.

peristalsis

What muscle(s) are responsible for pushing the bolus towards the esophagus? - stylopharyngeus - pharyngeal constrictors - palatal muscles - palatopharyngeus

pharyngeal constrictors

The major cation in cytoplasm is... - magnesium. - sodium. - potassium. - iron. - calcium.

potassium

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion EXCEPT that it... - involves both neural and endocrine reflexes. - precedes the gastric phase. - begins when chyme enters the small intestine. - functions to control the rate of gastric emptying. - helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency.

precedes the gastric phase

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the... - fundus. - pyloric part. - antrum. - cardia. - body.

pyloric part

What is the name of the structure that connects the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine? - pyloric sphincter - fundus - cardia - esophageal sphincter

pyloric sphincter

An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) arriving in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCl? - CCK (cholecystokinin) - GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) - gastrin - secretin

secretin

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the... - stomach. - large intestines. - small intestines. - cecum. - colon.

small intestines

The major cation in extracellular fluid is... - calcium. - sodium. - magnesium. - iron. - potassium.

sodium

Place the following structures in order as food passes into them. 1. cecum 2. duodenum 3. ileum 4. jejunum 5. stomach

stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum

In a warm environment, does more blood return to the trunk through deep or superficial veins? Why? - superficial veins; allows heat to radiate - deep veins; allows heat conduction - superficial veins; allows heat to evaporate - deep veins; allows heat to evaporate - deep veins; allows heat to radiate

superficial veins; allows heat to radiate

The term ___________ refers to the homeostatic process that allows us to maintain a constant body temperature. - thermoregulation - thermography - thermochemistry - thermodynamics - thermogenesis

thermoregulation

The gangling process that aids in keeping food out of the nasopharynx is known as the... - uvula. - tongue. - palatine tonsil. - soft palate. - pharyngeal tonsil.

uvula

Vitamins are organic molecules that are cofactors in many metabolic pathways. One of the important functions of the bacteria in the large intestine is to generate three vitamins: biotin and B12, which are both water soluble, and a third fat-soluble vitamin that is especially important in blood clotting. What is the fat-soluble vitamin produced by the bacteria in the colon? - vitamin A - vitamin K - vitamin D - vitamin E

vitamin K