A&P

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A gene consists of a nucleotide sequence on a strand of DNA

The plasma membrane is:

A phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

A reaction that produces monosaccharides from a polysaccharide

Cytokinesis usually begins before ________ ends.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis that is defined as the separation of the sister chromatids is:

Anaphase

Which of the following statement is true regarding cilia:

Are found on the surface of cells to move substances along the surface

The trunk of the body commonly belongs to the:

Axial region

The correct order for tissue repair would be:

Bleeding → granulation → clotting → regeneration

Which of the following statements regarding ribosomes is true?

Bound ribosomes produce proteins that are destined for vesicles or insertion into the plasma membrane

The type of muscle that is found in the heart wall is __________ muscle.

Cardiac

All of the following are true regarding cilia except:

Cilia power the movement of spermatozoa

The common term used for the fluid found within the cell is:

Cytosol

Which of the following would not result in faster chemical reactions?

Decreased temperature

The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape. What is the term used for a change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?

Denaturation

Which of the following best describes the function of the lysosome?

Digest materials engulfed by the cell

Which body cavity protects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)?

Dorsal

Which statement accurately describes how pH is related to denaturation?

Either a large increase or a large decrease in pH can lead to denaturation.

The function of a molecular chaperone is best described as:

Ensuring that a protein is properly folded

Which type of tissue is usually associated with covering and protection?

Epithelial tissue

The watery medium that directly surrounds a cell is known as:

Extracellular fluid

The movement of glucose across a plasma membrane is most often achieved by which kind of mechanism?

Facilitated diffusion

Glucose is an example of a disaccharide.

False

Mitosis is the division of the cytoplasmic mass into two parts.

False

The centrosome is considered to be an inclusion.

False

Which of the following is a cell junction:

Gap junction, Desmosome, Tight Junction

During osmosis, water moves toward the solution with the _________ solute concentration and the __________ water concentration.

Greater, lesser

Suspensions are:

Heterogeneous, will settle

The multiplicative growth of tumor cells would be an example of:

Hyperplasia

Cell shrinking, also known as crenation, occurs when a cell is placed into a(n) _________ solution.

Hypertonic

Pinocytosis is the process in which the cell:

Internalizes ("drinks") a droplet of interstitial fluid

Which of the following structures function in holding organelles in place, maintaining cell shape and rigidity, and directing organelle movement?

Microtubules

Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all hexoses, meaning they have 6 carbons. These hexoses are:

Monosaccharides

Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is:

Most steep and temperature is highest

Which of the following statements is true regarding exocrine glands?

Multicellular exocrine glands possess epithelial-derived duct cells

Two or more tissue types grouped together is which level of organization in the human body?

Organ level

Which of the following best describes the function of the golgi apparatus?

Package and sort proteins

Which of the following statements is true?

Plasma membranes are permeable to ligands for nuclear receptors, but impermeable to ligands that bind receptors in the plasma membrane

Ion movement through the membrane by way of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump is an example of:

Primary active transport

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding between amino acid side chains is the:

Primary structural level

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria?

Produce ATP

Hemoglobin in blood, collagen in tendons, and enzymes in the digestive system are all examples of:

Proteins

The function of the proteasome is best described as:

Removal of old and or damaged cellular proteins

A(n) _______ plane separates the body into left and right parts.

Sagittal

Which of the following is not a function of RNA?

Serves as the template for transcription

Which of the following best defines endocrine signaling?

Signaling over long distance

The directional term that means "near or towards the surface� is:

Superficial

The replication of the DNA molecule during interphase occurs during the:

The S phase

The Interstitial fluid is______?

The fluid residing between and around cells in tissues.

Which of the following are true of ATP?

The molecule that stores chemical energy for cellular purposes

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

They may serve as receptor sites

Which is true regarding serous membranes:

They reduce friction between the organs

Which body cavity protects the heart?

Thoracic

These junctions hold adjacent cells together and contribute to external cellular polarity.

Tight junctions

The grouping of similar cells performing a similar function is which level of organization in the human body?

Tissue

Which of the following is a nucleotide found only in RNA?

Uracil

ATP is a nucleotide that is composed of:

adenine, ribose, and three covalently bonded phosphate groups.

The term "activation energy" refers to the:

amount of energy required to initiate any chemical reaction.

Phospholipids are described as:

amphipathic.

A protein consists of:

an amine group, carboxyl group, and R-group.

The building of complex molecules from simpler ones is described as:

anabolism.

The limbs of the body are attached to the axis and make up the:

appendicular region.

The common term used for the fluid found within the cell is:

cytosol

Of the nine abdominopelvic regions, the one that is most superior of the three in the medial region is called the:

epigastric.

The type of vesicular transport by which large molecules or large amounts of substances are secreted from a cell is _________.

exocytosis

Homeostasis refers to the tendency to keep body systems:

in a relative steady state over time.

The hydrogen bonds in a sample of water result in ________ cohesion and a _____ heat of vaporization.

increased, high

Which of the following would you expect to be part of the extracellular matrix?

integrated proteins

Which of the following statements are true regarding the cytoskeletal elements

intermediate filaments provide structural resistance for the cell, microfilaments are used for motility and creating cell shape, microtubules are made of tubulin

An atom with a positive or negative charge is known as a(n) ________.

ions.

Physiological saline contains the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a cell, and it is therefore an __________ solution.

isotonic

Two atoms that have the same chemical characteristics but different atomic masses are considered

isotopes

The mechanisms of homeostasis:

maintain a relatively constant internal physiological environment regardless of the changes in the external environment.

The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except

monosaccharides.

When two atoms are equally electronegative, they will interact to form

nonpolar covalent bonds.

Which of the following molecules consists is a polymer?

nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are made up of:

nucleotides joined by covalent, phosphodiester bonds.

The largest internal cellular structure is known as the ______ and is the cell's control center.

nucleus

Ion movement through the membrane by way of a leak channel is an example of

passive diffusion

The sodium level inside and outside of a resting cell is described as an example of the:

potential energy of a concentration gradient, since sodium is more abundant outside the cell.

Since they produce ribosome subunits, one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli in cells that synthesize:

proteins.

Which of the following statements is most true of RNA?

rRNA is part of the ribosomal complex

The α helix and the β pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure?

secondary

The movement of glucose through the membrane by way of a Na+/Glucose co-transporter is an example of:

secondary active transport

When our inner ears convert sound energy into neural impulses or our retinas convert light into neural impulses:

the conversion is consistent with both laws of thermodynamics.