A&p Ch. 17 Urinary
The normal adult urine output is about
1500 mL/day
The amount of glomerular filtrate produced in 1 day is approximately
180 liters
The kidneys receive about ____ % of the total amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute
20
How much water is reabsorbed from the proximal tubules
99%
A hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus, travels through the posterior pituitary gland and helps reabsorb water
ADH
Which hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and increases the permeability of the collecting tube to water
ADH
_____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume
ADH
A hormone that is made in the heart and is the salt- and water-losing hormone
ANH
Which hormone is secreted by the heart and is the salt- and water-losing hormone
ANH
A hormone that is made by the adrenal gland and helps reabsorb salt
Aldosterone
Cup-shaped part of the nephron
Bowman capsule
Cup-shaped part of the nephron at catches the filtrate
Bowman capsule
The renal corpuscle is made up of two structures
Bowman capsule and glomerulus
A division of the renal pelvis into which a renal pyramid opens
Calyx
Outer layer of the kidney
Cortex of the kidney
A network of capillaries in the renal corpuscle
Glomerulus
A condition in which a person voids involuntarily
Incontinence
Part of the nephron that helps regulate blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Inner part of the kidney
Medulla of the kidney
Another term for urination
Micturition
Microscopic structure that makes up the unit of filtration for the kidney
Nephron
Part of the nephron that can extend into the medulla of the kidney
Nephron loop
An expansion of the upper end of the ureter
Pelvis of the kidney
First part of the renal tubules
Proximal convoluted tubule
Triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney
Pyramids of the kidney
Movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the capillaries
Reabsorption
Consists of Bowman capsule and the glomerulus
Renal corpuscle
Narrow, innermost end of a renal pyramid
Renal papilla
A condition in which urine can be produced but cannot be voided
Retention
Movement of substances from the capillaries into the renal tubules
Secretion
A condition in which the bladder can empty itself, but the kidney is not producing urine
Suppression
Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Ureter
Tube that carries urine out of the body
Urethra
Organ that stores urine until it is removed from the body
Urinary bladder
The glomerulus is
a network of blood capillaries
This hormone is made in the adrenal cortex and causes the tubules to absorb sodium
aldosterone
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands and increases the absorption of salt
aldosterone
The pelvis of the kidney is
an expansion of the upper end of the ureter
This hormone is released the from posters pituitary gland and reduces the amount of water lost in the urine
antidiuretic hormone
This hormone is made by the heart and stimulates the tubules to secrete sodium
atrial natriuretic hormone
Complete destruction or transection of the sacral cord may lead to a condition called
automatic bladder
Saclike structure used to hold urine until it is voided
bladder
The ureter of each kidney conducts urine from the kidney to the
bladder
The kidneys help maintain proper
blood pH
The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus function to regulate
blood pressure
The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus help regulate
blood pressure
The emptying reflex causes the
contracting of the muscles of the bladder and relaxation of the internal sphincter
Outer part of the kidney
cortex
The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the
external sphincter muscle of the bladder
This process causes substances in the blood to be pushed into the Bowman capsule as a result of blood pressure in the glomerulus
filtration
Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
The dissolved substances and fluid that move from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule are called
glomerular filtrate
Network of capillaries in the Bowman capsule
glomerulus
The capillary network that is tucked into Bowman's capsule is the
glomerulus
Which condition occurs when a person urinates involuntarily
incontinence
This involuntary muscle is at the exit of the bladder
internal urethral sphincter
The nephron loop
is part of the renal tubules and has a hairpin turn in its structure
The kidneys are encased in a layer of fat and lie
just above the waistline
The principal organ of the urinary system is the
kidney
Attacks of renal colic are caused by
kidney stones
Inner layer of the kidney
medulla
The passage of urine from the body or the emptying of the bladder is referred to as
micturition
The tiny, funnel-shaped microscopic structure of the kidney responsible for producing urine is the
nephron
The part of the renal tubules that is located between the proximal and distal tubules
nephron loop
Which part of the nephron can be found in the medulla of the kidney
nephron loop
The cortex of the kidney is the
outer part of the kidney
The production of an unusually large amount of urine is called
polyuria
The two part of the renal tubules that extend into the medulla of the kidney are the
proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule
The triangular divisions in the medulla of the kidney
pyramids
The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the blood capillaries is called
reabsorption
The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries is called
reabsorption
This process is the movement of substances out of the renal tubeless and into the blood capillaries
reabsorption
Which part of urinating is under voluntary control
relaxation of the external sphincter
The nephron is composed of the
renal corpuscle and the renal tubules
Expansion of the ureter in the kidney
renal pelvis
Which of the following is the triangular division of the medulla of the kidney
renal pyramid
A condition in which the bladder is full and the kidney is producing urine but the bladder is unable to empty itself
retention
Which condition occurs when urine is produced but cannot be removed from the bladder
retention
The kidneys are
retroperitoneal
The movement of substances from the blood into the distal tubule or the collecting tube
secretion
The process by which substances move from the tubules of the nephron to the peritubular capillaries is called
secretion
Kidneys help regulate the concentration of which substance in the blood
sodium, potassium, bicarbonate
A condition in which the bladder is able to empty itself but no urine is being produced by the kidneys
suppression
Bowman capsule is
the cup-shaped top part of the nephron
The medulla of the kidney is
the inner part of the kidney
The distal convoluted tubules are
the part of the nephron between the nephron loop and the collecting tube
The pyramids of the kidney are
the triangular divisions of the medulla
An area of the bladder that has openings for the two ureters and the urethra
trigone
The condition that occurs when waste products in the blood quickly accumulate to toxic levels is
uremia
Peristalsis-like movement helps move urine through the
ureter
The renal pelvis drains into the
ureter
Tube connecting the kidney and bladder
ureter
The urinary meatus is part of the
urethra
Urine leaves the body through the
urethra
tube leading from the bladder to outside the body
urethra
The trigone is found in the
urinary bladder
Until it leaves the body, urine is held by the
urinary bladder
A condition in which a person voids urine involuntarily
urinary incontinence
Emptying of the bladder is called
voiding, urinating, micturition