A&p Ch. 17 Urinary

The normal adult urine output is about

1500 mL/day

The amount of glomerular filtrate produced in 1 day is approximately

180 liters

The kidneys receive about ____ % of the total amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute

20

How much water is reabsorbed from the proximal tubules

99%

A hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus, travels through the posterior pituitary gland and helps reabsorb water

ADH

Which hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and increases the permeability of the collecting tube to water

ADH

_____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume

ADH

A hormone that is made in the heart and is the salt- and water-losing hormone

ANH

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and is the salt- and water-losing hormone

ANH

A hormone that is made by the adrenal gland and helps reabsorb salt

Aldosterone

Cup-shaped part of the nephron

Bowman capsule

Cup-shaped part of the nephron at catches the filtrate

Bowman capsule

The renal corpuscle is made up of two structures

Bowman capsule and glomerulus

A division of the renal pelvis into which a renal pyramid opens

Calyx

Outer layer of the kidney

Cortex of the kidney

A network of capillaries in the renal corpuscle

Glomerulus

A condition in which a person voids involuntarily

Incontinence

Part of the nephron that helps regulate blood pressure

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Inner part of the kidney

Medulla of the kidney

Another term for urination

Micturition

Microscopic structure that makes up the unit of filtration for the kidney

Nephron

Part of the nephron that can extend into the medulla of the kidney

Nephron loop

An expansion of the upper end of the ureter

Pelvis of the kidney

First part of the renal tubules

Proximal convoluted tubule

Triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney

Pyramids of the kidney

Movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the capillaries

Reabsorption

Consists of Bowman capsule and the glomerulus

Renal corpuscle

Narrow, innermost end of a renal pyramid

Renal papilla

A condition in which urine can be produced but cannot be voided

Retention

Movement of substances from the capillaries into the renal tubules

Secretion

A condition in which the bladder can empty itself, but the kidney is not producing urine

Suppression

Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Ureter

Tube that carries urine out of the body

Urethra

Organ that stores urine until it is removed from the body

Urinary bladder

The glomerulus is

a network of blood capillaries

This hormone is made in the adrenal cortex and causes the tubules to absorb sodium

aldosterone

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands and increases the absorption of salt

aldosterone

The pelvis of the kidney is

an expansion of the upper end of the ureter

This hormone is released the from posters pituitary gland and reduces the amount of water lost in the urine

antidiuretic hormone

This hormone is made by the heart and stimulates the tubules to secrete sodium

atrial natriuretic hormone

Complete destruction or transection of the sacral cord may lead to a condition called

automatic bladder

Saclike structure used to hold urine until it is voided

bladder

The ureter of each kidney conducts urine from the kidney to the

bladder

The kidneys help maintain proper

blood pH

The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus function to regulate

blood pressure

The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus help regulate

blood pressure

The emptying reflex causes the

contracting of the muscles of the bladder and relaxation of the internal sphincter

Outer part of the kidney

cortex

The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the

external sphincter muscle of the bladder

This process causes substances in the blood to be pushed into the Bowman capsule as a result of blood pressure in the glomerulus

filtration

Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

The dissolved substances and fluid that move from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule are called

glomerular filtrate

Network of capillaries in the Bowman capsule

glomerulus

The capillary network that is tucked into Bowman's capsule is the

glomerulus

Which condition occurs when a person urinates involuntarily

incontinence

This involuntary muscle is at the exit of the bladder

internal urethral sphincter

The nephron loop

is part of the renal tubules and has a hairpin turn in its structure

The kidneys are encased in a layer of fat and lie

just above the waistline

The principal organ of the urinary system is the

kidney

Attacks of renal colic are caused by

kidney stones

Inner layer of the kidney

medulla

The passage of urine from the body or the emptying of the bladder is referred to as

micturition

The tiny, funnel-shaped microscopic structure of the kidney responsible for producing urine is the

nephron

The part of the renal tubules that is located between the proximal and distal tubules

nephron loop

Which part of the nephron can be found in the medulla of the kidney

nephron loop

The cortex of the kidney is the

outer part of the kidney

The production of an unusually large amount of urine is called

polyuria

The two part of the renal tubules that extend into the medulla of the kidney are the

proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule

The triangular divisions in the medulla of the kidney

pyramids

The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the blood capillaries is called

reabsorption

The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries is called

reabsorption

This process is the movement of substances out of the renal tubeless and into the blood capillaries

reabsorption

Which part of urinating is under voluntary control

relaxation of the external sphincter

The nephron is composed of the

renal corpuscle and the renal tubules

Expansion of the ureter in the kidney

renal pelvis

Which of the following is the triangular division of the medulla of the kidney

renal pyramid

A condition in which the bladder is full and the kidney is producing urine but the bladder is unable to empty itself

retention

Which condition occurs when urine is produced but cannot be removed from the bladder

retention

The kidneys are

retroperitoneal

The movement of substances from the blood into the distal tubule or the collecting tube

secretion

The process by which substances move from the tubules of the nephron to the peritubular capillaries is called

secretion

Kidneys help regulate the concentration of which substance in the blood

sodium, potassium, bicarbonate

A condition in which the bladder is able to empty itself but no urine is being produced by the kidneys

suppression

Bowman capsule is

the cup-shaped top part of the nephron

The medulla of the kidney is

the inner part of the kidney

The distal convoluted tubules are

the part of the nephron between the nephron loop and the collecting tube

The pyramids of the kidney are

the triangular divisions of the medulla

An area of the bladder that has openings for the two ureters and the urethra

trigone

The condition that occurs when waste products in the blood quickly accumulate to toxic levels is

uremia

Peristalsis-like movement helps move urine through the

ureter

The renal pelvis drains into the

ureter

Tube connecting the kidney and bladder

ureter

The urinary meatus is part of the

urethra

Urine leaves the body through the

urethra

tube leading from the bladder to outside the body

urethra

The trigone is found in the

urinary bladder

Until it leaves the body, urine is held by the

urinary bladder

A condition in which a person voids urine involuntarily

urinary incontinence

Emptying of the bladder is called

voiding, urinating, micturition