A&P Ch16
Decreases blood glucose level A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
A
Hyposecretion of insulin or down regulation of insulin receptors A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
A
Stimulates sex hormone production, triggers ovulation A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
A
Hyposecretion of ADH A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
B
Regulates metabolism and resistance to stress A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
B
Regulates oxygen use, basal metabolic rate, cellular metabolism, and growth and development A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
B
Decreases blood Ca2+ level A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
C
Hypersecretion of human growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
C
Promotes T cell maturation A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
C
Hypersecretion of human growth hormone after epiphyseal plates close A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
D
Increases blood Ca2+ level A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
D
Increases blood glucose level A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
D
Hyposecretion of human growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
E
Increases skin pigmentation in animals and controls appetite in humans A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
E
Stimulates egg and sperm production A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
E
Enhances uterine contractions during labor, stimulates milk ejection A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
F
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone that is present at birth A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
F
Regulates the body's biological clock and sleep cycles A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
F
Therapeutic lipid soluble hormones must be injected whereas peptide hormones can be administered orally.
F, peptides can't be given orally.
Alpha cells secrete insulin that increases blood glucose.
F, they secrete glucagon
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in adults A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
G
Local hormones involved in inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and blood flow A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
G
inhibits water loss through kidneys A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
G
An enlargement of the thyroid gland often due to iodide deficiency A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
H
Augments the fight or flight A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones response
H
Initiates and maintains milk secretion by the mammary glands A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
H
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
I
Stimulates growth of axillary and pubic hair A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
I
Stimulates protein synthesis, inhibits protein breakdown, stimulates lipolysis, and retards the use of glucose for ATP production A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
I
Hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune disease A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
J
Stimulates synthesis and release of T3 and T4 A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
J
helps control water and electrolyte homeostasis A luteinizing hormone B thyroxine and triiodothyronine C calcitonin D parathyroid hormone E melanocyte-stimulating hormone F oxytocin G antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin H prolactin I human growth hormone J aldosterone
J
Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone A diabetes mellitus B diabetes insipidus C giantism D acromegaly E pituitary dwarfism F congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) G myxedema H goiter I Cushing's disease J Graves disease K Addison's disease
K
Stimulates or inhibits the secretion of the hormones of the anterior pituitary A insulin B cortisol C thymosin D glucagon E follicle stimulating hormone F melatonin G prostaglandins H epinephrine and norepinephrine I androgens J thyroid stimulating hormone K hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones
K
A common second messenger is cAMP
T
Gonadotrophs are cells within the posterior pituitary that secrete follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
T
Lipid soluble hormones have their receptors in the cytoplasm (or nucleus) of target cells.
T
Most of the action of human growth hormone is to promote the synthesis and secretion of small protein hormones called insulin like growth factors or somatomedins
T
The hypothalamus controls most of the endocrine releases from the pituitary
T
When the effect of two or more hormones acting together is greater than the sum of each, this is said to be a synergistic effect.
T
A sign of pituitary dwarfism is: a. premature closing of the epiphyseal plates b. massive enlargement of the thyroid gland c.m glycosuria, polyuria, ketosis, and hyperglycemia d. exophthalmos, gynecomastia, and buffalo hump
a
Blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through the: a. hypophyseal portal veins b. superior hypophyseal arteries c. carotid artery d. posterior hypophyseal veins
a
For the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that the ion of this element be present. a. iodine b. sodium c. calcium d. iron
a
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in the following clinical symptoms: redistribution of body fat, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, hypertension, 'moon face' and 'buffalo hump', excessive bruising, and poor wound healing. These symptoms are associated with: a. Cushing's syndrome b. toxic goiter c. hyperparathyroidism d. Addison's disease
a
Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the blood? a. calcium b. sodium c. potassium d. chloride e. manganese
a
The pineal gland is located in the: a. brain b. neck, near the thyroid gland c. upper chest region d. lower abdomen, near the bladder
a
These are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol: a. steroid hormones b. thyroid hormones c. nitric oxide d. amine hormones e. peptide hormones
a
Which blood glucose-lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells? a. insulin b. plasma proteins c. blood clotting factors d. thyroid hormones e. calcitonin
a
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth: a. growth hormone b. prolactin c. thyrotropin d. follicle stimulating hormone e. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
a
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? a. pancreas b. anterior pituitary c. thyroid d. adrenal medulla
a
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): a. promotes normal functioning of the adrenal medulla b. stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids c. promotes release of CRF from the hypothalamus d. stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete mineralocorticoids
b
Estrogen is to the female as this hormone is to the male: a. prolactin b. testosterone c. luteinizing hormone d. follicle-stimulating hormone
b
Target cells for hypothalamic inhibiting and releasing hormones are in the: a. hypothalamus b. anterior pituitary c. posterior pituitary d. thyroid
b
These cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin: a. alpha b. beta c. delta d. gamma
b
What is a major difference in the mechanism of action of a water-soluble hormone versus a lipid-soluble hormone? a. how the mRNA is transcribed b. the use of a second messenger in eliciting their action c. only water-soluble hormones need a hormone receptor d. water-soluble hormones tend only to work as local hormones.
b
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulate milk production: a. luteinizing hormone b. prolactin c. thyrotropin d. melanocyte stimulating hormone e. adrenocorticotropic hormone
b
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of steroid hormones? a. they are lipid soluble b. receptors are located on the cell membrane c. they regulate DNA activity d. they work through intracellular receptors
b
Which of the following pairs produce antagonistic results? a. FSH and LH b. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone c. ADH and vasopressin d. oxytocin and prolactin
b
Recall your knowledge of the sympathetic system. What would be the outcome of an injection of epinephrine: a.↓heart rate, ↓blood pressure, constrict the bronchi, increase peristalsis b. ↑heart rate, ↑blood pressure, dilate the bronchi, increase peristalsis c. ↑heart rate, ↑blood pressure, dilate the bronchi, decrease peristalsis d. ↓heart rate, ↑blood pressure, constrict bronchi, increase peristalsis
c
The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes: a. prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone b. human growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone c. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone d. glucocorticoids and androgens
c
This is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems: a. thyroid gland b. pancreas c. hypothalamus d. primary somatosensory cortex
c
What controls the anterior pituitary gland? a. chemical signals from the blood b. the peripheral nervous system c. action of hypothalamic hormones d. action potentials from the thalamus e. chemical changes in CSF
c
When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called: a. synergism b. permissiveness c. antagonism d. contradictory e. complementary
c
Which of the following are associated with diabetes mellitus? a. premature closing of the epiphyseal plates b. massive enlargement of the thyroid gland c. glycosuria, polyuria, ketosis, and hyperglycemia d. exophthalmos, gynecomastia, and buffalo hump
c
Which of the following is a major eicosanoid? a. prostaglandins b. leukotrienes c. both a and b d. glycoproteins e. all of the preceding
c
Abnormally low secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland results in the disease: a. myxedema b. cretinism c. diabetes mellitus d. diabetes insipidus
d
Autocrines are: a. neurohormones of the autonomic nervous system b. hormones that are circulating in the blood c. local hormones that act on neighboring cells d. local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them
d
Eicosanoid hormones are produced in: a. the hypothalamus b. the ovaries and testes c. enteroendocrine cells of the stomach and intestine d. all cells except red blood cells
d
Medullary chromaffin cells are analogous to postganglionic neurons and are found in the: a. anterior pituitary b. posterior pituitary c. hypothalamus d. adrenal medula e. adrenal cortex
d
Releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the release of hormones in the anterior pituitary come from: a. the posterior pituitary b. anterior pituitary c. adenohypophysis d. hypothalamus e. thalamus
d
What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland? a. calcitonin from the anterior pituitary gland b. TSH from the posterior pituitary gland c. low levels of glucose in the blood d. low levels of calcium ion in the blood
d
When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called: a. receptor recognition b. circulating hormone c. paracrine d. down regulation e. up regulation
d
Which of the following hormone pairs does not have opposite functions: a. insulin/glucagon b. atrial natriuretic peptide/aldosterone c. parathyroid hormone/calcitonin d. T4/T3
d
Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (increases, decreases) bone resorption and (increases, decreases) blood calcium and phosphate.
increases, increases
The adrenal medulla secretes these amines after stimulation of sympathetic nerves to supplement or prolong the "fight or flight" response - ___ and ____
norepinephrine and epinephrine
Increased secretion of calcitonin, produced in the (thyroid, parathyroid) gland (raises, lowers) blood calcium and phosphate by (stimulating, inhibiting) bone resorption by osteoclasts.
thyroid, lowers, inhibiting
