A&P Chapter 10 Review

Gyrus

A bump or elevation on the surface of the cerebrum. Also called a convolution.

Fissure

A deep groove found on the surface of the brain.

Causes a type of motor impairment called Parkinsons disease

A deficiency of the neurotransmitter in the basal nuclei

Causes skeletal muscle contraction and movement

A nerve impulse that originates in the precentral gyrus of the cerebrum

Causes depolarization

A rapid influx of sodium into a neuron

Sulcus

A shallow groove found on the surface of the brain.

Cerebellar dysfunction

A staggering gait and imbalance are most descriptive of

Corpus Callosum

Bands of white matter that join the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Limbic System

Called the emotional brain.

Dural sinuses

Cavities that are filled with blood and help drain the cerebrospinal fluid

temporal lobe

Cerebral lobe that contains the auditory cortex (hearing) and the olfactory area (smell)

Subarachnoid

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord within this space

Choroid plexus

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from these blood vessels and ependymal cells that line the ventricular walls

Meninges

Composed of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

Brain Stem

Composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Diencephalon

Composed of the thalamus and the hypothalamus

Precentral Gyrus

Convolution located on the frontal lobe immediately anterior to the central sulcus.

Postcentral Gyrus

Convolution that is located on the parietal lobe immediately posterior to the central sulcus.

Bone

Cranium and vertebral column

occipital lobe

Damage to this cerebral lobe causes cortical blindness

Longitudinal Fissure

Deep groove that separates the left and right hemispheres.

Arachnoid villi

Finger-like structures that project into the dural sinuses to allow drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid

Lateral Sulcus

Groove that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.

Central canal

Hole in the center of the spinal cord through which cerebrospinal fluid flows from the ventricles of the brain to the lower end of the spinal cord

Central sulcus

In which structure does the cerebrospinal fluid not circulate

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain.

Dura mater

Meningeal layer that forms the tentorium

medulla oblongata

Part of the brain stem called the vital center because it regulates vital processes such as blood pressure, heart rate, and respirations

Medulla Oblongata

Part of the brain stem that connects the brain to the spinal cord.

Hypothalumus

Part of the dienciphalon that controls the pituitary gland; also helps control the autonomic nervous system, water balance, and body temperature

Rapid efflux of potassium

Revitalization of a neuron occurs in response to

Leaping movement of the nerve impulse

Saltatory conduction refers to the

Central Sulcus

Sulcus that separates the frontal and parietal lobes. Sulcus that separates the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.

Blood-brain barrier

The astrocytes help form this capillary structure that prevents harmful substances in the blood from diffusing into the brain and spinal cord

Parietal Lobe

The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from this lobe.

Separate or divide cerebral lobes

The central sulcus, lateral fissure and longitudinal fissure

Formation of cerebrospinal fluid

The choroid plexus is most concerned with

Are cerebral structures

The front parietal occipital and temporal lobes

Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

The inside of the unstimulated neuron is negative, electrical charge is caused by the outward leak of potassium

because it plays an important role in the control of respirations and cardiovascular function

The medulla oblongata is called the

Parts of the brain stem

The medulla oblongata, pons and mid-brain are

Inclusd pia, arachnoid, and dura maters

The meninges

Arachnoid mater

The middle layer of the meninges; means spider because the layer looks like a spider web

Ventricles

The soft innermost layer of the menings; means soft mother

Depolarization

This phase of the action potential occurs when the threshold potential has been attained. The first phase of the action potential caused by an inward movement of sodium.

Pons

This structure means bridge; it helps regulate breathing rate and rhythm

Chemical transmission of information

What happens at a synapse

Impaired motor speech

What is the result of damage to brocas area

Age related diseases such as atherosclerosis

What is the usual cause of impaired mental functioning in older adults

Precentral gyrus

Which of the following is least descriptive of the primary auditory cortex

Clusters of cell bodies

Which of the following is most descriptive of ganglia?

A disease in which the myelin sheath is gradually replaced by scar tissue

Which of the following is most descriptive of multiple sclerosis?

Precentral gyrus

With which structure is a motor homunculus associated with?

frontal lobe

a motor homunculus lives here

parietal lobe

a sensory homunculus lives here

cerebellum

brain structure that protrudes from under the occipital lobe; concerned primarily with the coordination of skeletal muscle activity

frontal lobe

cerebral lobe that contains Broca's area

frontal lobe

cerebral lobe that contains the frontal eye fields

frontal lobe

cerebral lobe that controls motor speech

frontal lobe

cerebral lobe that functions as the CEO (chief executive officer)

occipital lobe

cerebral lobe that is primarily concerned with vision

cerebrum

composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes

frontal lobe

crossing of most motor fibers occurs here

temporal lobe

damage to this cerebral lobe causes cortical deafness

medulla oblongata

part of the brain stem that contains the emetic center

medulla oblongata

part of the brain stem that contains the vomiting center

medulla oblongata

part of the brain stem that receives information form the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

thalamus

part of the diencephalon that acts as a relay and sorting station for most sensory fibers

frontal lobe

plays key role in personality development, emotional and behavioral expression, and performance of high level thinking and learning tasks

parietal lobe

the postcentral gyrus of this cerebral lobe is the primary somatosensory area

frontal lobe

the precentral gyrus of this cerebral lobe is the major motor cortex; nerve impulses that originate in the motor area control voluntary muscle activity

reticular formation

this widespread group of cells is concerned with the sleep-wake cycle and consciousness; signals passing from this structure to the cerebral cortex keep us awake