A&P Chapter 10 Review
Gyrus
A bump or elevation on the surface of the cerebrum. Also called a convolution.
Fissure
A deep groove found on the surface of the brain.
Causes a type of motor impairment called Parkinsons disease
A deficiency of the neurotransmitter in the basal nuclei
Causes skeletal muscle contraction and movement
A nerve impulse that originates in the precentral gyrus of the cerebrum
Causes depolarization
A rapid influx of sodium into a neuron
Sulcus
A shallow groove found on the surface of the brain.
Cerebellar dysfunction
A staggering gait and imbalance are most descriptive of
Corpus Callosum
Bands of white matter that join the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Limbic System
Called the emotional brain.
Dural sinuses
Cavities that are filled with blood and help drain the cerebrospinal fluid
temporal lobe
Cerebral lobe that contains the auditory cortex (hearing) and the olfactory area (smell)
Subarachnoid
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord within this space
Choroid plexus
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from these blood vessels and ependymal cells that line the ventricular walls
Meninges
Composed of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
Brain Stem
Composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Diencephalon
Composed of the thalamus and the hypothalamus
Precentral Gyrus
Convolution located on the frontal lobe immediately anterior to the central sulcus.
Postcentral Gyrus
Convolution that is located on the parietal lobe immediately posterior to the central sulcus.
Bone
Cranium and vertebral column
occipital lobe
Damage to this cerebral lobe causes cortical blindness
Longitudinal Fissure
Deep groove that separates the left and right hemispheres.
Arachnoid villi
Finger-like structures that project into the dural sinuses to allow drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid
Lateral Sulcus
Groove that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.
Central canal
Hole in the center of the spinal cord through which cerebrospinal fluid flows from the ventricles of the brain to the lower end of the spinal cord
Central sulcus
In which structure does the cerebrospinal fluid not circulate
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain.
Dura mater
Meningeal layer that forms the tentorium
medulla oblongata
Part of the brain stem called the vital center because it regulates vital processes such as blood pressure, heart rate, and respirations
Medulla Oblongata
Part of the brain stem that connects the brain to the spinal cord.
Hypothalumus
Part of the dienciphalon that controls the pituitary gland; also helps control the autonomic nervous system, water balance, and body temperature
Rapid efflux of potassium
Revitalization of a neuron occurs in response to
Leaping movement of the nerve impulse
Saltatory conduction refers to the
Central Sulcus
Sulcus that separates the frontal and parietal lobes. Sulcus that separates the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.
Blood-brain barrier
The astrocytes help form this capillary structure that prevents harmful substances in the blood from diffusing into the brain and spinal cord
Parietal Lobe
The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from this lobe.
Separate or divide cerebral lobes
The central sulcus, lateral fissure and longitudinal fissure
Formation of cerebrospinal fluid
The choroid plexus is most concerned with
Are cerebral structures
The front parietal occipital and temporal lobes
Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)
The inside of the unstimulated neuron is negative, electrical charge is caused by the outward leak of potassium
because it plays an important role in the control of respirations and cardiovascular function
The medulla oblongata is called the
Parts of the brain stem
The medulla oblongata, pons and mid-brain are
Inclusd pia, arachnoid, and dura maters
The meninges
Arachnoid mater
The middle layer of the meninges; means spider because the layer looks like a spider web
Ventricles
The soft innermost layer of the menings; means soft mother
Depolarization
This phase of the action potential occurs when the threshold potential has been attained. The first phase of the action potential caused by an inward movement of sodium.
Pons
This structure means bridge; it helps regulate breathing rate and rhythm
Chemical transmission of information
What happens at a synapse
Impaired motor speech
What is the result of damage to brocas area
Age related diseases such as atherosclerosis
What is the usual cause of impaired mental functioning in older adults
Precentral gyrus
Which of the following is least descriptive of the primary auditory cortex
Clusters of cell bodies
Which of the following is most descriptive of ganglia?
A disease in which the myelin sheath is gradually replaced by scar tissue
Which of the following is most descriptive of multiple sclerosis?
Precentral gyrus
With which structure is a motor homunculus associated with?
frontal lobe
a motor homunculus lives here
parietal lobe
a sensory homunculus lives here
cerebellum
brain structure that protrudes from under the occipital lobe; concerned primarily with the coordination of skeletal muscle activity
frontal lobe
cerebral lobe that contains Broca's area
frontal lobe
cerebral lobe that contains the frontal eye fields
frontal lobe
cerebral lobe that controls motor speech
frontal lobe
cerebral lobe that functions as the CEO (chief executive officer)
occipital lobe
cerebral lobe that is primarily concerned with vision
cerebrum
composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes
frontal lobe
crossing of most motor fibers occurs here
temporal lobe
damage to this cerebral lobe causes cortical deafness
medulla oblongata
part of the brain stem that contains the emetic center
medulla oblongata
part of the brain stem that contains the vomiting center
medulla oblongata
part of the brain stem that receives information form the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
thalamus
part of the diencephalon that acts as a relay and sorting station for most sensory fibers
frontal lobe
plays key role in personality development, emotional and behavioral expression, and performance of high level thinking and learning tasks
parietal lobe
the postcentral gyrus of this cerebral lobe is the primary somatosensory area
frontal lobe
the precentral gyrus of this cerebral lobe is the major motor cortex; nerve impulses that originate in the motor area control voluntary muscle activity
reticular formation
this widespread group of cells is concerned with the sleep-wake cycle and consciousness; signals passing from this structure to the cerebral cortex keep us awake
