A&P Chapter 16 Quiz/Worksheet
muscarinic
A certain drug decreases heart rate by producing hyperpolarization at the membrane of the pacemaker cells of the heart. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors.
coma
A state of unconsciousness in which an individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to stimuli is _____.
rapid eye movement
Active dreaming occurs during ___ sleep
cholinergic
All parasympathetic neurons are ___
vagus nerve
Approximately 75% of all parasympathetic outflow is provided by the ___
pupils
As the result of an accident, the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect to be affected by this injury?
acetylcholine
At their synaptic terminals, cholinergic, preganglionic autonomic fibers release ___
resting level
Autonomic tone is a condition during which autonomic motor neurons show a ___
rest and repose
Because the parasympathetic division of the ANS conserves energy and promotes sedentary activity, it is known as the ___ subdivision
fight or flight
Because the sympathetic division of the ANS stimulates tissue metabolism and increases alertness, it is called the ___ subdivision
hypothalamus
Centers and nuclei in the medulla oblongata are subject to regulation by the ___
a sweat gland
Close examination of an effector organ shows that it receives innervation by way of two neurons. The first is located in the cord and synapses with a second in a chain ganglion. Chemical analysis indicates that the postsynaptic neuron releases acetylcholine and that the effector has many cholinergic receptors. The effector is probably _____.
long term memory loss
Damage to the hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, leads to _____.
blocking agents
Drugs that reduce the effects of autonomic stimulation by keeping the neurotransmitter from affecting the postsynaptic membranes are known as ___
sympathomimetic
Drugs that stimulate alpha receptors causing constriction of peripheral vessels are _____.
anabolic
Due to its functions, the parasympathetic division is referred to as the ___ system
deep
During ________ sleep, the entire body relaxes and the activity of the cerebral cortex is at a minimum.
elevated blood pressure
During sympathetic activation, ________ occurs.
celiac ganglion
Each of the following ganglia contains parasympathetic synapses, except the _____.
schizophrenia
Excessive production of dopamine may be associated with ___
plaques
Extracellular accumulations of fibrillar proteins, surrounded by abnormal dendrites and axons, are called ____
skeletal muscle
Ganglionic neurons innervate all of the following, except _____.
splanchnic
In the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity, preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the ___ nerves.
pelvic
Intramural ganglia in the kidney, urinary bladder, and sex organs receive innervation by way of the ________ nerves.
adrenal medulla
Modified sympathetic ganglia containing epinephrine producing neurons are located in the ___
acetylcholinesterase
Most of the Ach released during parasympathetic stimulation is inactivated by ___
unmyelinated
Postganglionic axons of autonomic neurons are usually _____.
XII
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons can be found in all of the following cranial nerves, except CN _____.
excitatory
Preganglionic fibers that release acetylcholine (Ach) are always ___
opposing
Sympathetic-parasympathetic innervation in an organ produces action that is described as ___
dilate bronchioles
Sympathomimetic drugs might be used to _____.
theta
The brain waves that are characteristic of children and frustrated adults are ________ waves.
memory consolidation
The conversion from short-term to long-term memory is called ___
CNS
The degree of wakefulness at any moment is an indication of the level of ongoing ___ activity
receptor
The effects of a parasympathetic neurotransmitter substance on a postsynaptic cell can vary widely due to the type of ____
postganglionic
The fibers that innervate peripheral organs are called ___ fibers
involuntary
The lower motor neurons of the somatic nervous system (SNS) exert voluntary control over skeletal muscles, while in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) the control of smooth and cardiac muscle is ___
white ramus
The nerve bundle containing myelinated preganglionic axons of sympathetic motor neurons en route to sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion is the ___
gray ramus
The nerve bundle that carries sympathetic postganglionic fibers back to the spinal nerve is known as the ____
norepinephrine
The neurotransmitter that is released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers and that causes constriction of most peripheral arteries is ___
muscarinic
The receptors in the parasympathetic division that, when stimulated, produce longer-lasting effects are the ___ receptors
autonomic tone
The release of small amounts of acetylcholine and norepinephrine on a continual basis in an organ innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is referred to as ___
sympathetic activation
The response of the entire sympathetic division in a crisis causes an event called ____
visceral reflexes
The simplest functional units in the ANS are ___
limbic
The system (area) in the brain that would most likely exert an influence on autonomic control if an emotional condition is present is the ___
epinephrine
The two neurotransmitters released into circulation by sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla are norepinephrine and ___
collateral ganglia
The two types of sympathetic ganglia are sympathetic chain ganglia and ___
cremaster reflex
Which of the following is not a visceral reflex?