A&P Chapter 16 Quiz/Worksheet

muscarinic

A certain drug decreases heart rate by producing hyperpolarization at the membrane of the pacemaker cells of the heart. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors.

coma

A state of unconsciousness in which an individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to stimuli is _____.

rapid eye movement

Active dreaming occurs during ___ sleep

cholinergic

All parasympathetic neurons are ___

vagus nerve

Approximately 75% of all parasympathetic outflow is provided by the ___

pupils

As the result of an accident, the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect to be affected by this injury?

acetylcholine

At their synaptic terminals, cholinergic, preganglionic autonomic fibers release ___

resting level

Autonomic tone is a condition during which autonomic motor neurons show a ___

rest and repose

Because the parasympathetic division of the ANS conserves energy and promotes sedentary activity, it is known as the ___ subdivision

fight or flight

Because the sympathetic division of the ANS stimulates tissue metabolism and increases alertness, it is called the ___ subdivision

hypothalamus

Centers and nuclei in the medulla oblongata are subject to regulation by the ___

a sweat gland

Close examination of an effector organ shows that it receives innervation by way of two neurons. The first is located in the cord and synapses with a second in a chain ganglion. Chemical analysis indicates that the postsynaptic neuron releases acetylcholine and that the effector has many cholinergic receptors. The effector is probably _____.

long term memory loss

Damage to the hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, leads to _____.

blocking agents

Drugs that reduce the effects of autonomic stimulation by keeping the neurotransmitter from affecting the postsynaptic membranes are known as ___

sympathomimetic

Drugs that stimulate alpha receptors causing constriction of peripheral vessels are _____.

anabolic

Due to its functions, the parasympathetic division is referred to as the ___ system

deep

During ________ sleep, the entire body relaxes and the activity of the cerebral cortex is at a minimum.

elevated blood pressure

During sympathetic activation, ________ occurs.

celiac ganglion

Each of the following ganglia contains parasympathetic synapses, except the _____.

schizophrenia

Excessive production of dopamine may be associated with ___

plaques

Extracellular accumulations of fibrillar proteins, surrounded by abnormal dendrites and axons, are called ____

skeletal muscle

Ganglionic neurons innervate all of the following, except _____.

splanchnic

In the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity, preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the ___ nerves.

pelvic

Intramural ganglia in the kidney, urinary bladder, and sex organs receive innervation by way of the ________ nerves.

adrenal medulla

Modified sympathetic ganglia containing epinephrine producing neurons are located in the ___

acetylcholinesterase

Most of the Ach released during parasympathetic stimulation is inactivated by ___

unmyelinated

Postganglionic axons of autonomic neurons are usually _____.

XII

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons can be found in all of the following cranial nerves, except CN _____.

excitatory

Preganglionic fibers that release acetylcholine (Ach) are always ___

opposing

Sympathetic-parasympathetic innervation in an organ produces action that is described as ___

dilate bronchioles

Sympathomimetic drugs might be used to _____.

theta

The brain waves that are characteristic of children and frustrated adults are ________ waves.

memory consolidation

The conversion from short-term to long-term memory is called ___

CNS

The degree of wakefulness at any moment is an indication of the level of ongoing ___ activity

receptor

The effects of a parasympathetic neurotransmitter substance on a postsynaptic cell can vary widely due to the type of ____

postganglionic

The fibers that innervate peripheral organs are called ___ fibers

involuntary

The lower motor neurons of the somatic nervous system (SNS) exert voluntary control over skeletal muscles, while in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) the control of smooth and cardiac muscle is ___

white ramus

The nerve bundle containing myelinated preganglionic axons of sympathetic motor neurons en route to sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion is the ___

gray ramus

The nerve bundle that carries sympathetic postganglionic fibers back to the spinal nerve is known as the ____

norepinephrine

The neurotransmitter that is released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers and that causes constriction of most peripheral arteries is ___

muscarinic

The receptors in the parasympathetic division that, when stimulated, produce longer-lasting effects are the ___ receptors

autonomic tone

The release of small amounts of acetylcholine and norepinephrine on a continual basis in an organ innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is referred to as ___

sympathetic activation

The response of the entire sympathetic division in a crisis causes an event called ____

visceral reflexes

The simplest functional units in the ANS are ___

limbic

The system (area) in the brain that would most likely exert an influence on autonomic control if an emotional condition is present is the ___

epinephrine

The two neurotransmitters released into circulation by sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla are norepinephrine and ___

collateral ganglia

The two types of sympathetic ganglia are sympathetic chain ganglia and ___

cremaster reflex

Which of the following is not a visceral reflex?