A&P Chapter 16

Pigmented layer of retina, Neural layer of the retina

A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?

The ability to respond to a stimulus

A feature common to all receptors is _____

Optic disc

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?

Chemoreceptors

Detect chemicals

Photoreceptors

Detect light

baroreceptors

Detect pressure change

Thermoreceptors

Detect temperature

Taste

Gustation is the sense of _____

Chemooreceptors

Gustatory cells are _____

7-10 days

Gustatory cells have a _____ lifespan

3

How many auditory ossicles are found in each ear?

Lysozyme

Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains and antibacterial enzyme called _____

tract

Neurons in the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory _____ to the brain

Fibrous tunic, Vascular tunic, Retina

Place the layers of the eye in order from superficial to deep

Optic nerve, Optic chiasm, Optic tract

Place the structures of CN II in order from anterior to posterior

Iris, Ciliary body, Choroid

Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior

External ear, Middle ear, Inner ear

Place the three regions of the ear in order from lateral to medial

Skin

Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the _____ and viscera

simple in structure

Receptors for general senses are usually _____

True

T/F: The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eye

Stratum basale

Tactile cells associated with tactile discs are located in the _____

Basal

Taste buds are made of gustatory cells, supporting cells, and _____ cells

Iris

The _____ controls the size or diameter of the pupil and thus the amount of light entering the eye

External Acoustic

The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called the _____ _____ meatus

tactile corpuscles

WHat type of phasic receptors detects light touch, shapes, textures?

Thousands

We have the ability to distinguish one odor among _____ of different ones.

Olfaction

We use the sense of ______ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger

transmit sound waves to inner ear, Amplify sound

What are the functions of the auditory ossicles?

nociceptors

Detect tissue change

2

Each eye has _____ lacrimal puncta

Cerumen

Earwax is a combination of dead skin cells and _____

Vestibulocochlear

Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve?

Phasic

If stimulated over a period of time, _____ receptors lose eventually sensitivity

Elastic

The auricle has _____ cartilage that supports its structure

Pupil, Iris

The black hole in the eye is called the _____ and it is surrounded by the colorful _____

Smooth

The ciliary muscles are made of _____ muscle.

Scala tympani, Cochlear duct, Scala vestibuli

The cochlea has three fluid-filled ducts. Which are the names of these ducts?

Palpebrae

The eyelids are also called _____

Orbital

The fat surrounding the eye is called _____ fat

Conjunctiva fornix

The junction of the palpebral and ocular conjunctiva is called the _____

Lacrimal

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains _____ fluid

Rounded

The lens is _____ when we are viewing close-up objects

Cranium

The receptors for the special senses are found within the _____

Provides for eye shape, Is made of dense connective tissue

The sclera _____

Inner ear

Where is the cochlea located?

Sclera, Cornea

Which are a part of the fibrous tunic?

Transparent, Avascular

Which are characteristics of the cornea?

Krause bulbs, End bulbs

Which are examples of encapsulated receptors?

Pharyngotympanic tube, Auditoty tube, Eustachian tube

Which are the correct names for the tube that connect the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

It contains goblet cells, It is vascular, It does not cover the cornea

Which are true of conjunctiva?

There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye, They function well in dim light

Which are true of rods?

stapes

Which auditory ossicle contracts the oval window?

Irritants, Infectious agents

Which causes conjunctivitis?

Rods become inactive, Cones gradually adjust, Pupils constrict

Which events occur during bright light adaption?

Bulbous corpuscles

Which is a type of tonic receptor that detects both continuous deep pressure and distortion of the skin?

Umami

Which taste sensation translates as "delicius

Thermoreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors

Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus?

Proprioceptors

Which type of receptor is found in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joint capsules?

Touching a hot pan, Exposure to acid on skin, Sprained ankle

Which would stimulate somatic nociceptors?

Chemoreceptors

_____ are receptors that detect chemicals

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, superior colliculi

Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?

Occipital

Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the _____ lobe

Lacrimal puncta, Lacrimal canaliculi, Lacrimal sac, Nasolacrimal duct

Order these structures in order that tears travel through them

Choroid

What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?

Choroid, Photoreceptors, Horizontal cells, Bipolar cells

Place the structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first

Tactile receptors

What is the most numerous type of receptors?

Posterior cavity

What is the space behind the lens called?

Lens

What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?

iris

What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?

Vallate

What type of papillae is largest and least numerous

Photoreceptors

What type of receptor detects changes in light?

Lamellated corpuscles

What type of receptor detects deep pressure and vibration?

Interoceptors

What type of receptor is found in smooth muscle of organs?

Exteroceptors

What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes?

Proprioceptors

What type of receptors makes you aware of your body positioning?

Ganglion, optic

When the bipolar cells release their neurotransmitter, the _____ cells propagate a nerve signal along the _____ nerve

Inhibiting

When the photoreceptors stop _____ the bipolar cells, the bipolar cells can then release their neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the ganglion cells

In the neural layer of the retina

Where are photoreceptors located?

Lacrimal apparatus

Where are tears created?

Proprioceptors

_____ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joint, muscles and tendons