A&P Chapter 25

How many ATP's can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis

2

How many reactions take place during the Krebs cycle

8

Which of the following are used in metabolic crossroads? A) Pyruvic acid B) Glycogen C) Ribose D) ATP E) Lipase

A. Pyruvic acid

Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation? A) Reduction phosphorylation B) Substrate level phosphorylation C) Oxidative phosphorylation D) Photophosphorylation E) None of these choices

A. Reduction phosphorylation

When the terminal phosphate is cut off ATP, what is formed

Adenosine diphosphate

Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as

Anabolism

Which of the following is not a major nutrient the body needs? A) Carbohydrates B) Glycogen C) Proteins D) Minerals E) Vitamins

B. Glycogen

Which of the following is NOT a postabsorptive state reaction? A) Breakdown of liver glycogen B) Lipogenesis C) Gluconeogenesis using lactic acid D) Gluconeogenesis using amino acids E) None of these choices

B. Lipogenesis

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? A) Vitamin B B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin O E) None of these choices

B. Vitamin E

Glycogenolysis is ________ and stimulated by ___________

Catabolic; epinephrine

Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called

Catabolism

Glycogenesis is not A) performed by the hepatocytes B) performed by muscle fibers C) one way to make glycogen D) one way to make glucose E) only seen in the liver

D. one way to make glucose

Glucose-6-phosphate A) Can be used to make ribose-5-phosphate B) Can be dephosphorylated to glucose C) Can be used to synthesize glycogen D) Can be converted to pyruvic acid E) All of these choices

E. All of these choices

Most cholesterol medications are designed to: A) Inhibit excretion of bile in the feces B) Promote the absorption of cholesterol C) Decrease the filtration of cholesterol D) Inhibit glucose absorption E) None of these choices

E. None of these choices

Why is Calorie always spelled with a capital C? A) It is named after Dr. Calorie B) It is named for the country where it was discovered C) It is named after the province where it was discovered D) To distinguish it from the chemistry term calory E) None of these choices

E. None of these choicess

Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect heat production? A) Exercise B) Hormones C) Nervous system D) Ingestion of food E) Blood volume

E. blood volume

Food induced thermogenesis A) Accounts for 30% of total energy expended B) Is known as insensible loss C) Is inhibited by the hypothalamus D) Is the opposite of ketosis E) None of these choices

E. none of the above

This is the derivative of riboflavin

FAD

Neuropeptide Y stimulates

Food intake

Glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in

Glucose catabolism

This reaction oxidizes acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH+H+ and FADH2

Krebs cycle

This process is the synthesis of triglycerides

Lipogenesis

Where can pyruvate dehydrogenase be found

Mitochondria

This is the key regulator of the rate of glycolysis

Phosphofructokinase

Liver cells convert

ammonia into urea

Provitamins are

building blocks of vitamins

Keto acids

can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production

Antioxidant vitamins

can inactivate oxygen free radicals

Accumulation of a large amount of H+ between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, is described as

chemiosmosis

These transport dietary lipids

chylomicrons

This is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact

conduction

Excess amino acids in the body are

converted into glucose

What hormone stimulates glycogenesis

cortisol

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytosol

In the absorptive state, most glucose that enters the liver is converted to

glycogen

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the

hypothalamus

The most dramatic metabolic change that occurs with fasting is

increase in lipolysis

Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from

lactic acid

Where does the Krebs cycle take place

mitochondria

Lipogenesis occurs when

more calories are consumed than required for ATP need

According to the standard height-weight chart, 4'8" Maria should weigh 100 lbs.She currently weighs 125 lbs. Clinically, Maria is described as

obese

The net result of the complete oxidation of glucose does not include

oxygen

Thyroid hormones

promote glycolysis

The mosts abundant produce of the reactions of the Krebs cycle is

pyruvate

The heat promoting center stimulates parts of the brain that

stimulates skeletal muscle activity

In the absorptive state

storage of energy is important

Reduction is

the addition of electrons

The higher the relative humididty

the lower the rate of evaporation

Oxidation is

the removal of electrons