A&P Chapter 7

When looking at the range of motion of the various sections of the vertebral column the ________ has the most flexibility cervical spine thoracic spine lumbar spine sacral spine

cervical spine

Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy? scoliosis hunchback lordosis kyphosis

lordosis

The pituitary gland is housed in a saddle-like depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica. True or false.

False

The bones in the skull have many different names but what are the boundaries of each bone? Where do they start and stop? Boundaries for skull bones are seen only in the infant skull. The boundaries are indistinct and are simply vague generalized regions. Bones of the skull are separated by immobile joints called sutures. Bones of the skull are continuous but named for their specific markings.

Bones of the skull are separated by immobile joints called sutures.

The dens articulates with the occipital bone. True or false.

False

The fibula is the major weight-bearing bone of the leg. True or false.

False

The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture. True or false.

False

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla. True or false.

False

The mastoid sinuses are located at a position in the skull where they are usually free from infections. True or false.

False

The most common site of fracture in the humerus is the anatomical neck. True or false.

False

All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina. True or false.

False

Lordosis affects the thoracic vertebrae. True or false.

False

The shallow socket of the shoulder joint restricts the movement of the humerus but does increase the stability of the joint. True or false.

False

The temporal bone connects to the zygomatic bone via the temporal process of the temporal bone. True or false.

False

The vomer along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the bony part of the nasal septum. True or false.

True

Which of the following can be considered a function of the paranasal sinuses? Sinuses are often referred to as vestigial, anatomical features with no know function. Sinuses take away a minimal amount of strength from bones while reducing the weight of bones. The paranasal sinuses are passageways for nerves to pass through. Sinuses have rough patches that aid in muscle attachment.

Sinuses take away a minimal amount of strength from bones while reducing the weight of bones.

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae. True or false.

True

Of the list below select the one that gives the least explanation for the relatively high mobility of the arms. The relatively open glenoid cavity of the glenohumeral joint. The subscapular notch is a passageway for nerves. The clavicle articulates to the axial skeleton at only the sternal end. The scapula does not articulate to the axial skeleton directly.

The subscapular notch is a passage way for nerves.

How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from the other vertebrae? There are two foramina on vertebrae 11 and 12. The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs. The orientation of the articular processes is different from all the other thoracic vertebrae. The spinous processes are directed parallel with the centrum.

The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.

Which vertebra does not have a body? last lumbar axis atlas last cervical

atlas

All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable. True or false.

True

Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum. True or false.

True

In the anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius. True or false.

True

In women of childbearing age, the dimensions of the true pelvis are of utmost importance. True or false.

True

Most of the body's weight is carried by the talus and calcaneus. True or false.

True

The ischium articulates with both the ilium and the pubis. True or false.

True

The lacrimal bone contains a grove that forms part of lacrimal fossa. Along with the soft tissue of the lacrimal sac, these structures drain tears from the eye into the nasal passage. True or false.

True

The term vertebrochondral ribs refers to the "false ribs," that attach to each other before they attach to the sternum. True or false.

True

The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra. True or false.

True

The vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. True or false.

True

D

Using Figure 7.1, match the following: Articulates with hip bones of the pelvis.

B

Using Figure 7.1, match the following: Attach to ribs.

C

Using Figure 7.1, match the following: Bares most of the weight.

A

Using Figure 7.1, match the following: Contains a pivot joint that allows you to rotate your head "no."

A

Using Figure 7.1, match the following: Includes the atlas and the axis.

E

Using Figure 7.1, match the following: No canals or foramen present.

A

Using Figure 7.1, match the following: Transvers foramina allow the passage of vertebral arteries.

The "true wrist" or carpus consists of ________. the metacarpals the styloid processes of the radius and ulna a group of eight short bones united by ligaments the phalanges

a group of eight short bones united by ligaments

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________. transverse foramina costal facets no intervertebral discs no transverse processes

costal facets

During concussion (a type of traumatic brain injury) the brain will move within the cranial cavity. Damage is caused to the brain as it crashes into parts of the bony cavity walls. Ironically one of the bone markings that can cause serious damage to the brain is the ________. This is ironic because one of the functions of this bone marking is to ________. pterygoid processes; anchor important chewing muscles perpendicular plate; separate the left and right halves of the nasal cavity crista galli; attach to the dura matter holding the brain in place styloid process; attach to and support the hyoid bone

crista galli; attach to the dura matter holding the brain in place

The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone? maxilla sphenoid vomer ethmoid

ethmoid

The pelvic girdle does not include the ________. pubis ilium femur ischium

femur

Which of the following bones is not weight bearing? talus tibia fibula femur

fibula

Curvatures of the spine serve the body by ________. providing space for soft organs in the various body cavities limiting the flexibility of the spine and preventing hyperextension giving additional springiness and flexibility to the spine which absorbs shock applying greater pressure to the intervertebral disks preventing them from slipping

giving additional springiness and flexibility to the spine which absorbs shock

Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue? hyoid bone palatine mandible zygomatic bone

hyoid bone

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________. is composed of three bones joined together is the only bone formed by the fusion of right and left halves is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone is the only irregular bone found in the neck

is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus? head lateral malleolus calcaneus medial malleolus

lateral malleolus

The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is formed between the sphenoid and ________. maxilla lacrimal ethmoid palatine

maxilla

Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones? nasal conchae vomer maxillae zygomatic bones

maxillae

Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal? medial cuneiform calcaneus lateral cuneiform cuboid

medial cuneiform

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum? perpendicular plate crista galli orbital plate cribriform plate

perpendicular plate

Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to ________. hold the discs in place protect the spinal cord prevent hyperextension of the spine hold the spine erect

prevent hyperextension of the spine

Which is the best description for the function of the cranial bones? house the special sense organs allowing introduction of food into the digestive system providing passageways for respiratory gases to move into and out of the body protection of the brain

protection of the brain

What is the major function of the axial skeleton? provide central support for the body and protect internal organs provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement give the body resilience provide a space for the major digestive organs

provide central support for the body and protect internal organs

The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the ________. squamous sagittal coronal lambdoid

sagittal

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region? kyphosis swayback lordosis scoliosis

scoliosis

The sella turcica is part of the ________ bone and houses the ________ gland. sphenoid; thymuss sphenoid; pituitary ethmoid; pituitary ethmoid; thymus

sphenoid; pituitary

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain controlling many aspects of the endocrine system. It works closely with the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is directly superior to the pituitary and is therefore ________. superior to the sella turcica superior to the crista galli the only region of the brain that is outside of the skull inferior to the cribriform plate

superior to the sella turcica

Which of the following is not a movement that can occur between vertebrae? lateral flexion supination rotation flexion and extension

supination

Which of the following would be most associated with housing the special sense organs? the bones of the inner ear the cranial bones hyoid bone the facial bones

the facial bones

The proximal end of the ulna illustrates the relationship of form and function. The rounded trochlear notch articulates with the hourglass shape of the trochlea. This forms a joint that allows for ________. the hyper extension of the forearm the hinge like motion of the forearm the rotational motion of the forearm the curling of the fingers

the hinge like motion of the forearm

The glenohumeral joint that articulates the humerus to the pectoral girdle is a highly mobile joint. This mobility comes at a cost because ________. muscles that span this mobile joint will only provide a reduced amount of power these type of joints are harder to control and coordinate the blood vessels that lead to the arm and hand can easily be cut off by the free range of motion the joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate

the joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate

The anatomy of the thoracic cage provides ridged support and protection but at the same time is also flexible and mobile. Of the list below, which feature does not aid in the flexibility and movement of the thoracic cage? the jugular notch the costal spaces occupied by costal muscle the costal cartilages the sternal angle

the jugular notch

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body? the sacral promontory the sacrum the lumbar region the cervical region

the lumbar region

The range of motion as well as the direction of motion for the various regions of the spine differs. For example the lumbar spine is capable of flexion and extension but little rotational movement. While the thoracic spine rotates with little flexion or extension. This is due to variation in ________. the thickness of the intervertebral disc the orientation of the superior and inferior articular facets the arrangement of muscular attachment to the spinous processes the composition of the intervertebral disks

the orientation of the superior and inferior articular facets

Which of the following would be most associated with process of warming and humidifying inhaled air? the bones comprising the orbits the cranial bones hyoid bone the paranasal sinuses

the paranasal sinuses

The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two bones? the humerus and the radius the scapula and the clavicle the radius and the ulna the humerus and the clavicle

the radius and the ulna

The proximal end of the radius illustrates the relationship of form and function. The cup-like surface of the radial head articulates with the rounded shape of the capitulum. This forms a joint that allows for ________. the rotational motion of the forearm the hinge like motion of the forearm the curling of the fingers the hyper extension of the forearm

the rotational motion of the forearm

The axial skeleton includes ________. the skull, the scapula and the vertebral column the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis arms, legs, hands, and feet the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

The sphenoid bone is sometimes referred to as a "key stone" of the skull. This is due to the fact that ________. the intricate shape of the sphenoid makes it critical to the district characteristics of the individual human face the sphenoid is wedged in the superior most portion of the skull and supports all of the other bones below (excluding the mandible) the sphenoid bone is solid like a stone and provides the strength necessary to support the skull the sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates (joins) with all of the other bones of the skull (excluding the mandible)

the sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates (joins) with all of the other bones of the skull (excluding the mandible)

Which of the bones of the skull would you most associate with hearing and balance? the parietal bone the temporal bone the zygomatic bone the occipital bone

the temporal bone

What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs? to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine to remove curvatures of the spine and provide springiness to the spinal column to hold together the vertebra and support the body to prevent hyperextension and allow rotation of the spine

to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine

Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek? palatine bone zygomatic bone sphenoid bone temporal bone

zygomatic bone