A&P Chapter The Endocrine System

Which would you expect to see in a urinalysis of an untreated diabetic? Select all that apply

-glycosuria -ketonuria

Which hormones are classified as steroid hormones?

-testosterone -cortisol

What hormone do corticotropes produce?

adrenocorticotropic hormone

When they secrete eggs and sperm, the gonads are considered what type of glands?

exocrine

Which glands secrete their product by way of a duct directly onto an epithelial surface?

exocrine

The hormone called __________ stimulating hormone stimulates the secretion of ovarian sex hormones and the development of the ovarian follicles

follicle

What hormone do gonadotropes produce?

follicle stimulating hormone

Steroid hormones enter the target cell nucleus and act directly on the __________, changing target cell physiology by either activating or inhibiting transcription

genes

What hormone do somatropes produce?

growth hormone

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone is ___________ hormone

luteinizing

The pineal gland synthesizes which hormone?

melatonin

What hormone do lactotropes produce?

prolactin

Organs that have receptors for a specific hormone are referred to as which of the following?

target hormones

Which hormones directly stimulates development of the male reproductive system, secondary sexual characteristics, and sustains sprem production and the sex drive throughout life?

testosterone

What effect does thyroid hormone have on the body's metabolic rate?

It increases it

Endocrinology involves the study of cells that do which of the following?

Secrete hormones

What is the largest endocrine gland?

thyroid gland

Place the steps of a second-messenger system in the order in which they occur

1. Hormone recepter binding activates G-protein 2. G protein activates adenylate cyclase 3. Adenylate cyclase produces cAMP 4. cAMP activates protein kinases

Through which structures can cell-to-cell communication be accomplished? Select all that apply

1. Paracrines 2.Neurotransmitters 3. Gap junctions 4. Hormones

Place the stages of the general adaption syndrome in order

1. alarm reaction 2. stage of resistance 3. stage of exhaustion

The kidneys secrete which two hormones?

1. calcitriol 2. erythropoietin

Match each pituitary cell type with the hormone that it produces 1. somatotropes 2. lactotropes 3. corticotropes 4. gonadotropes a. adrenocorticotropic hormone b. prolactin c. follicle stimulating hormone d. growth hormone

1. d 2. b 3. a 4. c

Which hormones are secreted by the ovary?

1. estradiol 2. progesterone 3. inhibin

Name some peptide hormones

1. follicle stimulating hormone 2. insulin 3. oxytocin

Name 3 peptide hormones

1. insulin 2. follicle stimulating hormone 3. oxytocin

What are the three types of interactive effects hormones can have?

1. permissive 2. antagonistic 3. synergistic

What are the 3 roles of estrogen and progesterone?

1. to contribute to the development of the reproductive system 2. to promote adolescent bone growth 3. to regulate the menstrural cycle

What is a hormone receptor?

A specific protein or glycoprotein embedded in the plasma membrane

Gap junctions, neurotransmitters, paracrines, and hormones are all mechanisms by which cells do what?

Communicate

______________ is a potent glucocorticoid that stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the release of fatty acids in the blood

Cortisol

Which hormone stimulates sperm production?

Follicle stimulating hormone

Where do steroid hormones bind with a cell's receptor?

In the nucleus

Peptides and catacholamines are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate a target cell. They therefore bind to receptors where?

On the cell surface

The pancreas is located retroperitoneal and where?

Posterior to the stomach

Why is it difficult for steroids and thyroid hormones to travel through the blood?

They are hydrophobic

Which adrenal cortical hormone helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume?

aldosterone

What are monoamine hormones and neurotransmitters derived from?

amino acids

____________ is a potent gluccocorticoid that stimulates fat and protein catabolism

cortisol

_____________ is a potent glucocorticoid that stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the release of fatty acids into the blood

cortisol

A condition defined as a disruption of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from hyposecretion or inaction of insulin is __________ ___________

diabetes mellitus

The condition of elevated blood glucose is called ____________

hyperglycemia

What is an inadequate hormone release called?

hyposecretion

Which brain area closely regulates pituitary function?

hypothalamus

The _____________ is an elongated, spongy gland located below and behind the stomach, and is primarily an exocrine digestive gland

pancreas

Which adrenal cortical hormones have various developmental and reproductive functions?

sex steroids

Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to retain ________ and excrete ________.

sodium; potassium

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone is __________ stimulating hormone

thyroid