A&P Exam #1
Which scenario(s) exemplifies exemplify the relationship between form and function?
- Abnormally shaped hemoglobin leads to a reduced ability to carry oxygen. - The "thinning" of bone, which occurs as one ages, may lead to an increased risk of bone fracture. - Weakened heart valves are unable to prevent blood from flowing backward in the heart
How many different types of synovial joints can be found in the arm?
6
Which is the last phase of endochondral ossification?
An epiphyseal cartilage separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis.
What is responsible for appositional growth?
Bone is deposited by superficial osteoblasts
Which of the following is a direct example of the study of physiology?
Measuring heart rate and noting blood pressure
All the following result in decreased calcium levels in the bloodstream EXCEPT __________.
PTH stimulation of osteoclasts
Which is true regarding skin cancers?
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer.
Which statement regarding the internal structure of long bone is correct?
The epiphysis consists largely of trabecular bone.
Which of the following statements regarding the homeostasis regulation of blood calcium is FALSE?
The three main organs that serve as the site for the regulation of blood calcium levels are the bones, the intestines, and the pancreas.
How are the skeletal system and muscular system related or similar in function?
They both function in support within the human body
Why is twisting movement not allowed at the elbow joint?
because the humerus fits into a deep depression on the ulna, and projections of bone prevent twisting
C cells of the thyroid gland secrete which of the following?
calcitonin
Which substance accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone?
calcium salts
Regarding cells and the cell theory, __________.
cells are the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions
During the early stages of endochondral ossification, which cells enlarge, then die and disintegrate?
chondrocytes
Patterns established by these fibers determine the lines of cleavage.
collagen and elastic fibers
Which type of fracture occurs in vertebrae that are subjected to extreme stresses?
compression fracture
What is the composition of the nail body?
dead cells
Osteoprogenitor cells are characterized by the following EXCEPT __________.
divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoclasts
In the homeostatic regulation example of ambient temperature control, the air conditioner functions as the __________.
effector
Which bone is NOT formed via intramembranous ossification?
femur
Which of the following describes spiral fractures?
fractures that are produced by twisting stresses that spread along the length of the bone
A hard ossified bone in an adult actually begins within the embryo as a miniature version composed of __________.
hyaline cartilage
The cutaneous membrane includes all the following except the __________.
hypodermis
All the following are characteristics of periosteum EXCEPT __________.
it is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity
In intramembranous ossification, which cells first cluster together and start to secrete the organic components of the matrix?
mesenchymal cells
The periosteum contains all the following EXCEPT __________.
motor nerves
Moving from simpler to more complex, which level of organization is immediately before (simpler than) the cell?
organelle
Based on the Biological Hierarchy of Organization, tissues join together to form what structures?
organs
The process of osteolysis is performed by which cell population?
osteoclasts
Which component is NOT present in spongy bone?
osteons
Ankle fractures that affect both bones of the leg are called __________.
pott's fracture
The humeroradial joint shown below allows for pronation and supination of the forearm. What type of motion does the radius demonstrate?
rotation
What type of burn results when the entire epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged?
second-degree burn
Which class of bones develops inside tendons and is most commonly located near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet?
sesamoid bones
Part complete The tissue level of organization is best described as __________.
similar cells (and their products) working together to perform one or more specific functions
What supplies the articular cartilage of long bones with oxygen and nutrients?
synovial fluid
Which of the following is/are described as large, coarse, often darkly pigmented hairs such as those growing on the scalp or the armpits?
terminal hairs
In dark-skinned individuals, __________.
the melanosomes are more numerous
Which structural features of spongy bone are oriented along stress lines and are cross-braced extensively?
trabeculae