A&P Exam 1 (Chapters 1, 3, 4)

What are the three basic components of all connective tissues? free exposed surface, exocrine secretions, and endocrine secretions satellite cells, cardiocytes, and osteocytes specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and ground substance fluid matrix, cartilage, and osteocytes

specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and ground substance

Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue that __________. connect one bone to another bone cover the surface of a muscle surround organs such as skeletal muscle tissue attach skeletal muscles to bones

attach skeletal muscles to bones

Cartilage is __________. avascular surrounded by perichondrium found at the end of long bones avascular, found at the end of long bones, and surrounded by perichondrium

avascular, found at the end of long bones, and surrounded by perichondrium

Which of the following is NOT found in all connective tissues? basement membrane extracellular protein fibers ground substance specialized cells

basement membrane

Which of the following is NOT associated with bone? chondrocyte canaliculus periosteum osteocyte

chondrocyte

What cell is the most abundant in connective tissue proper? adipocytes mast cells fibroblasts macrophages

fibroblasts

Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and contains large, multinucleated cells that can be up to 1 foot in length? dense regular cardiac skeletal smooth

skeletal

Ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that __________. attach skeletal muscle to bones connect one muscle to another muscle cover the surface of a muscle connect one bone to another bone

connect one bone to another bone

Cardiac muscle cells are __________. larger than skeletal muscle cells known as cardioblasts connected to each other at intercalated discs known as cardioblasts, larger than skeletal muscle cells, and connected to each other at intercalated discs

connected to each other at intercalated discs

Matrix is a characteristic of which type of tissue? epithelial neural muscle connective

connective

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body? muscle tissue epithelial tissue neural tissue connective tissue

connective tissue

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most connective tissues? contain mostly cells contain ground substance contain fibers contain mostly matrix

contain mostly cells

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? provides sensation is avascular forms glands contains matrix consisting of ground substance and fibers

contains matrix consisting of ground substance and fibers

Muscle tissue has the ability to __________. contract and produce active movement cover exposed surfaces of the body provide a framework for communication within the body carry impulses from one part of the body to another

contract and produce active movements

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissues? store energy reserves, especially in the form of lipids defend the body from invasion by microorganisms support, surround, and interconnect other tissue types cover surfaces and line body cavities

cover surfaces and line body cavities

A ___________ membrane has an epithelium that is stratified and supported by dense connective tissue synovial serous cutaneous mucous

cutaneous

Which of the following membranes is the skin? mucous membrane synovial membrane cutaneous membrane serous membrane

cutaneous membrane

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle? Smooth muscle is located in the walls of blood vessels. Actin and myosin are organized differently in smooth muscle than in skeletal muscle. Each smooth muscle cell has one nucleus. Smooth muscle is under voluntary control.

smooth muscle is under voluntary control

If epithelial cells are classified according to their cell shape, the classes include __________. simple, stratified, and pseudostratified squamous, cuboidal, and columnar simple, squamous, and stratified pseudostratified, stratified, and columnar

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of epithelial tissues? store energy reserves for use when nutrient supplies are low receive stimuli and provide the nervous system with information about the sensation produce specialized secretions provide physical protection

store energy reserves for use when nutrient supplies are low

What is the term give to an epithelial tissue with several layers of cells? simple stratified squamous columnar

stratified

Which type of epithelium is found where mechanical and chemical stresses are common? pseudostratified columnar simple squamous simple columnar stratified squamous

stratified squamous

Which of the following is a layer of areolar tissue and fat that separates the skin from the underlying tissues and organs and is also known as the hypodermis? superficial fascia deep fascia cutaneous membrane subserous fascia

superficial fascia

Most of the volume in areolar connective tissue is made up of __________. collagen fibers reticular fibers ground substance elastic fibers

ground substance

What is the term for the study of tissues? pathology histology cytology neurology

histology

Sebaceous glands, associated with hair follicles, produce a thick, oily substance by releasing the entire cell and its contents. This is known as __________ secretion. merocrine apocrine holocrine mixed

holocrine

Which type of cartilage reduces friction between bony surfaces? hyaline fibrocartilage elastic All the listed responses are correct.

hyaline

What are the three major types of cartilage found in the body? interstitial, appositional, and calcified cartilage regular, irregular, and dense cartilage collagen, reticular cartilage, and elastic cartilage hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

The three major types of cartilage in the body are collagen, reticular, and elastic areolar, adipose, and reticular hyaline, elastic, and fibrous tendons, reticular, and elastic

hyaline, elastic, and fibrous

The restoration of homeostasis after an injury involves which two related processes? infection and immunization necrosis and fibrosis isolation and reconstruction inflammation and regeneration

inflammation and regeneration

Which of the following is NOT associated with neural tissue? neuroglia lacunae axons dendrites

lacunae

If epithelial cells are classified according to their function, the classes include cells involved with __________. lining, covering, and secreting protection, defense, and transport support, transport, and storage defense, support, and storage

lining, covering, and secreting

Which of the following membranes lines passageways and chambers that communicate with the exterior, such as the digestive and respiratory tracts? cutaneous membrane serous membrane mucous membrane synovial membrane

mucous membrane

What are the four types of membranes found in the body? superficial fascia, deep fascia, subserous fascia, and cutaneous fascia mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial pleural, peritoneal, visceral, and pericardial supportive, fluid, reticular, and proper

mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is epithelial tissue muscle tissue connective tissue neural tissue

muscle tissue

Which of the following types of fibers is NOT found in connective tissue proper? elastic myosin reticular collagen

myosin

Axons, dendrites, and a cell body are characteristic of cells located in neural tissue muscle tissue connective tissue epithelial tissue

neural tissue

Which type of cell in neural tissue has a large cell body, dendrites, and an axon and can receive and conduct information? neuroglial cell neuron glial cell fibroblast

neuron

What are the two basic cell types found in neural tissue? axons and dendrites fibers and synapses neurons and neuroglia cardiac and striated

neurons and neuroglia

Simple epithelia have __________ layer(s) of cells, whereas stratified epithelia have __________ layer(s) of cells. one; many many; one one; several several; several

one; several

Which of the following statements about cartilage formation is FALSE? Interstitial growth may occur as cells divide and produce new matrix within lacunae. Only mature chondrocytes produce the matrix of cartilage tissue. Dividing fibroblasts from the cellular layer of perichondrium differentiate into chondrocytes. Appositional growth occurs near the surface of cartilage, just under the perichondrium.

only mature chondrocytes produce the matrix of cartilage tissue

Bone cells found in the lacunae within the matrix are called __________. adipocytes chondrocytes stroma osteocytes

osteocytes

What is the name for bone cells found in the bone tissue? chondrocytes osteocytes adipocytes leukocytes

osteocytes

What is the accumulation of debris, fluid, and dead and dying cells collectively called? regeneration necrosis scar pus

pus

Inflammation produces __________. redness pain swelling redness, swelling, and pain

redness, swelling, and pain

The process in which damaged tissues are replaced or repaired so that normal function is restored is called __________. necrosis fibrosis regeneration inflammation

regeneration

The repair process necessary to restore normal function after inflammation subsides in damaged tissues is isolation regeneration reconstruction all of these

regeneration

Which type of membrane lines the sealed, internal subdivisions of the ventral body cavity? serous membrane synovial membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane

serous membrane

Which of the following epithelial tissues would most likely be involved in secretion or absorption? simple columnar stratified columnar transitional epithelium simple cuboidal

simple cuboidal

Which of the following epithelia most easily permits diffusion? stratified squamous simple squamous transitional simple columnar

simple squamous

Which of the following epithelial tissues is a single layer of flat cells that function in reducing friction or in absorption or diffusion? transitional epithelium simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is true? They line internal compartments or passages. They are water resistant. They are highly vascular. They provide a great deal of mechanical protection.

they line internal compartments or passages

Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a relatively limited number of functions are called: cellular aggregates tissues organs organ systems organisms

tissues

Which of the following is the most delicate epithelium, which allows for absorption and diffusion and reduces friction? simple cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

What is the major function of neurons in neural tissue? to transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential to provide supporting framework for neural tissue to regulate the composition of the interstitial fluid to act as phagocytes that defend neural tissue

to transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder? transitional epithelium simple squamous epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium pseudostratified columnar epithelium

transitional epithelium

What are the three types of muscle tissue found in the body? striated, nonstriated, and fibrous voluntary, involuntary, and nonstriated skeletal, cardiac, and smooth elastic, hyaline, and fibrous

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

What does it mean for a gland to be classified as "simple"? It has a single duct that does not divide on its way to the gland cells. It has a duct that divides one or more times on its way to the gland cells. The secretory portion of the gland is shaped like a tube. It has several secretory areas that share a duct.

It has a single duct that does not divide on its way to the gland cells

Which of the following statements about neural tissue is FALSE? Neuroglia are also referred to as nerve fibers. The cells that carry information by electrical current are neurons. A neuron has a single axon that carries information from the soma to other cells. The cell body of a neuron is called the soma.

Neuroglia are also referred to as nerve fibers

Milk production in the breasts occurs through __________. holocrine secretion apocrine secretion merocrine secretion tubular secretion

apocrine secretion

Cuboidal epithelial cells __________. are tall and slender, and the nuclei are crowded into a narrow band close to the basement membrane consist of several layers of cells above the basement membrane are thin and flat and occupy the thickest portion of the membrane are box-shaped, and the nuclei are near the center of each cell

are box-shaped, and the nuclei are near the center of each cell

Skeletal muscle cells __________. are uninucleate are striated have intercalated discs have all of the listed characteristics

are striated

What is the first response to tissue injury? necrosis inflammation fibrosis regeneration

inflammation

Mucous secretions that coat the passageways of the digestive and respiratory tracts result from ___________ secretion. apocine merocrine holocrine endocrine

merocrine

Which type of gland would release its secretion through exocytosis with no harm to the glandular cell itself? holocrine apocrine sebaceous merocrine

merocrine

What are three modes of secretion used by glandular epithelial cells? alveolar, acinar, and tubuloacinar secretions serous, mucous, and mixed secretions simple, compound, and tubular secretions merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretions

merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretions

The primary function of serous membranes in the body is to minimize friction between opposing surfaces line cavities that communicate with the exterior perform absorptive and secretory functions cover the surface of the body

minimize friction between opposing surfaces

What are the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body? plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph spinal fluid, cytosol, and blood blood, urine, and saliva blood, water, and saliva

plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph

Gap junctions __________. produce narrow passages that allow ions to move between cells are most common in bone tissue and blood reinforce the attachments between cells block the passage of water and solutes between cells

produce narrow passages that allow ions to move between cells

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissues? storing energy reserves transporting materials protecting delicate organs producing specialized secretions

producing specialized secretions

How does holocrine secretion differ from other methods of secretion? Cytoplasm is lost as well as the secretory product. The secretions leave the cell intact. The product is released, but the cell is destroyed. The secretory product is released through exocytosis.

the product is released, but the cell is destroyed

Why are certain epithelial cells called pseudostratified columnar epithelium? * They have a layered appearance, although all the cells contact the basal lamina. * They are a mixture of cell types. * Their nuclei are all located the same distance from the cell surface. * They are stratified, and not all the cells contact the basal lamina

they have a layered appearance, although all the cells contact the basal lamina

All but one of these statements about intercellular connections are correct. Which one is INCORRECT? In occluding or tight junctions, the lipid portions of adjacent cell membranes are tightly bound by interlocking membrane proteins. Adjacent cell membranes can be bonded together with cement composed mainly of hyaluronic acid. Adjacent cells are held together by extensive folding of their membranes in the desmosome junction. Cell adhesion molecules lock the base of an epithelial layer to the underlying basement membrane.

Adjacent cells are held together by extensive folding of their membranes in the desmosome junction

What distinguishes epithelial tissues from the other tissue types? * They have few extracellular materials between adjacent epithelial cells. * They always have a free surface exposed to the environment or to some internal chamber or passageway. * They do not contain blood vessels. * All of the listed responses are correct

All listed responses are correct

Skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be __________. devoid of striations and spindle-shaped with a single nucleus capable of division, unlike smooth muscle cells subject to the activity of pacemaker cells, which establish contraction rate a foot or more in length, and each cell contains hundreds of nuclei

a foot or more in length and each cell contains hundreds of nuclei

Which one of these statements about glandular secretions is correct? The unicellular goblet cells produce a serous secretion. A mucous gland secretes a watery solution that usually contains few proteins. A serous gland secretes a watery solution that usually contains enzymes. Mixed endocrine glands contain several types of exocrine cells, producing two or more distinct kinds of serous secretions.

a serous gland excretes a watery solution that usually contains enzymes

The mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of __________. digestion and circulation respiration and excretion absorption and secretion absorption and respiration

absorption and secretion

Functions of connective tissue include establishing structural framework for the body storing energy reserves providing protection for delicate organs all of these

all of these

Mesenchyme is __________. used as insulation under the skin found binding organs such as lymphocytes together an embryonic connective tissue an embryonic connective tissue found binding organs such as lymphocytes together, and it is used as insulation under the skin

an embryonic connective tissue

What are the two fluid connective tissues found in the human body? mucous and matrix collagen and plasma blood and lymph ground substance and hyaluronic acid

blood and lymph

Which of the following is a fluid connective tissue? blood adipose tissuee elastic tissue areolar tissue

blood

Which of the following is a fluid connective tissue? cartilage adipose tissue blood saliva

blood

Which of the following structures is NOT a type of dense regular connective tissue? ligament tendon aponeurosis capsule

capsule

Which of the following statements about connective tissues is FALSE? * Capsules around kidneys and liver are composed of dense regular connective tissue. * The least specialized connective tissue is called loose connective tissue. * Collagenous tissues include dense regular connective tissue and dense irregular connective tissue. * Brown fat is a type of adipose tissue in infants and young children but not adults.

capsules around kidneys and liver are composed of dense regular connective tissue

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, is striated, and has cells joined at intercalated discs? skeletal smooth cardiac dense regular

cardiac

Neural tissue is specialized to __________. contract and produce movement line internal passageways and body cavities carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another provide structural support and fill internal spaces

carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

Supporting connective tissues found in the body are __________. muscle and bone mast cells and adipocytes cartilage and bone collagen and reticular fibers

cartilage and bone

Tendons and ligaments are examples of what type of connective tissue? subserous fascia dense regular connective tissue superficial fascia hypodermis

dense regular connective tissue

The most abundant connections between cells in the superficial layers of the skin are connexons gap junctions desmosomes tight junctions

desmosomes

The flap (pinna) of the outer ear is extremely resilient and flexible because it contains __________. dense irregular connective tissue collagen fibers fibrous cartilage elastic cartilage

elastic cartilage

Which type of cartilage is designed to support but tolerates distortion and is found in the auricle, or external ear? costal cartilage fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage

elastic cartilage

Which of the following statements about endocrine and exocrine glands is FALSE? Glands and their cells are classified as exocrine or endocrine on the basis of the final distribution of their secretions. Endocrine glands release their product through a duct. Exocrine glands secrete their products onto a body surface, directly into a cavity, or into a duct. Endocrine cells may be part of an epithelial surface or separated from such a surface.

endocrine glands release their products through a duct

Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavities? epithelial neural connective muscle

epithelial

What are the four main tissue types found in the human body? epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural connective, muscle, neural, and integument muscle, connective, epithelial, and pleural epithelial, bone, muscle, and cartilage

epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural

What are the four primary tissue types found in the human body? adipose, elastic, reticular, and cartilage squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and glandular epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural skeletal, cardiac, smooth, and muscle

epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural

Glandular epithelia contain cells that produce __________. exocrine secretions only endocrine secretions only exocrine or endocrine secretions secretions released from goblet cells only

exocrine or endocrine secretions

Which type of cartilage is best able to resist compression and absorb shock? elastic hyaline fibrocartilage All of the listed responses are correct.

fibrocartilage

A type of cell junction common in cardiac and smooth muscle tissues is the hemidesmosome basal junction tight junction gap junction

gap junction

Which of the following cell junctions form a narrow passageway that lets small molecules and ions pass from one cell to another cell? tight junctions desmosome gap junctions macula adherens

gap junctions

What is ground substance? unstructured material that fills the spaces between cells and surrounds connective tissue fibers a cell that contains histamine and heparin a strong, flexible protein fiber a structure that attaches one cell to another

unstructured material that fills the spaces between cells and surrounds connective tissue fibers