A&P Exam 1 Study Guide
Catabolism
Collectively, reactions that break down molecules are known as
The intake of materials from the extracellular fluid using vesicles is called
Endocytosis
hydrophilic region of phospholipid
Head
-NH3
Which of the following is the symbol for an amino group?
The correct order of phases in the cell cycle is
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Distal
The wrist is____ to the elbow
What is the correct order of occurrence for the steps of protein synthesis?
1. DNA uncoils for transcription 2. mRNA is produced in nucleus 3. mRNA moves to ribosome 4. Ribosome moves along mRNA 5. tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome 6. Polypeptide is produced
A cell duplicates its chromosomes during the ________ phase.
S (synthesis)
Five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
A nucleotide consists of
Glycogen
A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is
Guanine
According to the rules of complementary base pairing is nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base
A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called
Active transport
Organ; Organelles
An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell.
Oxygen
By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body?
Structure; function
Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.
Negative Feedback
Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of_____
Identify the mismatched pair
Carrier proteins---allow a cell to move
Chromosomes consist of _____ and ______
DNA and proteins
Packages proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or for exocytosis
Golgi Apparatus (E)
Receptor; control center; effector
Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.
What is the ?
Hydrogen bonds
Polar covalent
If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) ____ bond occurs
Positive feedback
In ___ a stimulus produces a response that amplifies or enhances the original stimulus.
water, causing decomposition
In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with
Microvilli are found on cells of the inner surface of the small intestine, where they
Increase the absorption of nutrients from the digested food
an electron or electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another
Ionic bonds are formed when
Cytosol
Liquid in cell
Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material
Lysosomes (C)
Membrane proteins perform all of the following functions except?
Metabolizing glucose to gain energy
Phospholipids
Molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called____
Mutations
Permanent alterations (change) in a cell's DNA that affect the nucleotide sequence of one or more genes are called ________.
What is a structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?
Plasma membrane
The enzyme ________ is required for the synthesis of mRNA.
RNA polymerase
Integumentary
Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.
Site of synthesis of lipid and steroid molecules
Smooth ER (A)
Active
Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the ____ sites
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesizing molecules
Secondary
The alpha-helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of _____ protein structure
Hydrogen bond
The electrostatic attraction between the slight positive charge of a hydrogen of one molecule and the slight negative charge of an oxygen, or nitrogen of another molecule is called a(n)
Urinary
The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is
Translation
The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called
Pelvic Quadrant
The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the except?
Cytology
The study of the structure and function of cells is called_____
pericardial and pleural cavities
The thoracic cavity contains the
The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is
UAG
They are consumed during the reaction
Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?
protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach
Which of the following lists example of body structures from the simplest to the most complex?
Organ system, organ, tissue, cell , organelle
Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?
Cardiovascular
Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
Sagittal
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
Most of the surface area of the plasma membrane consists of __________.
a phospholipid bilyaer
Centriole
aids the formation of the spindle apparatus
Perioxisomes
both generate and break down hydrogen perioxide
A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, it
cannot make new proteins
The process by which cells become specialized is called
differentiation
Which of the following best describes osmosis?
diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
Lysosomes function in
digestion of materials
Hydrophobic region of phospholipid
fatty acid tail
If a cell lacked the enzyme DNA polymerase, it could not
form complementary strands of DNA during replication
The tails of a phospholipid molecule in a plasma membrane are___
hydrophobic
Produces ATP
mitochondria
Histones are found in
nucleosomes
Each triplet of bases in a gene corresponds to
one amino acid in a protein
A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates
phagocytosis
Mitochondrian
provides cell with energy
Smooth ER
synthesis of steroids and other lipids take place at the
Amino acids are transferred to the ribosome to be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain by
tRNA
During mitosis, two daughter cells form, each of which has
the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
The process of forming mRNA is called
transcription
