A&P Exam 1 Study Guide

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Catabolism

Collectively, reactions that break down molecules are known as

The intake of materials from the extracellular fluid using vesicles is called

Endocytosis

hydrophilic region of phospholipid

Head

-NH3

Which of the following is the symbol for an amino group?

The correct order of phases in the cell cycle is

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Distal

The wrist is____ to the elbow

What is the correct order of occurrence for the steps of protein synthesis?

1. DNA uncoils for transcription 2. mRNA is produced in nucleus 3. mRNA moves to ribosome 4. Ribosome moves along mRNA 5. tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome 6. Polypeptide is produced

A cell duplicates its chromosomes during the ________ phase.

S (synthesis)

Five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

A nucleotide consists of

Glycogen

A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is

Guanine

According to the rules of complementary base pairing is nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called

Active transport

Organ; Organelles

An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell.

Oxygen

By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body?

Structure; function

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.

Negative Feedback

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of_____

Identify the mismatched pair

Carrier proteins---allow a cell to move

Chromosomes consist of _____ and ______

DNA and proteins

Packages proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or for exocytosis

Golgi Apparatus (E)

Receptor; control center; effector

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.

What is the ?

Hydrogen bonds

Polar covalent

If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) ____ bond occurs

Positive feedback

In ___ a stimulus produces a response that amplifies or enhances the original stimulus.

water, causing decomposition

In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with

Microvilli are found on cells of the inner surface of the small intestine, where they

Increase the absorption of nutrients from the digested food

an electron or electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

Ionic bonds are formed when

Cytosol

Liquid in cell

Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material

Lysosomes (C)

Membrane proteins perform all of the following functions except?

Metabolizing glucose to gain energy

Phospholipids

Molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called____

Mutations

Permanent alterations (change) in a cell's DNA that affect the nucleotide sequence of one or more genes are called ________.

What is a structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?

Plasma membrane

The enzyme ________ is required for the synthesis of mRNA.

RNA polymerase

Integumentary

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.

Site of synthesis of lipid and steroid molecules

Smooth ER (A)

Active

Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the ____ sites

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesizing molecules

Secondary

The alpha-helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of _____ protein structure

Hydrogen bond

The electrostatic attraction between the slight positive charge of a hydrogen of one molecule and the slight negative charge of an oxygen, or nitrogen of another molecule is called a(n)

Urinary

The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is

Translation

The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called

Pelvic Quadrant

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the except?

Cytology

The study of the structure and function of cells is called_____

pericardial and pleural cavities

The thoracic cavity contains the

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

UAG

They are consumed during the reaction

Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?

protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach

Which of the following lists example of body structures from the simplest to the most complex?

Organ system, organ, tissue, cell , organelle

Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?

Cardiovascular

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?

Sagittal

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

Most of the surface area of the plasma membrane consists of __________.

a phospholipid bilyaer

Centriole

aids the formation of the spindle apparatus

Perioxisomes

both generate and break down hydrogen perioxide

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, it

cannot make new proteins

The process by which cells become specialized is called

differentiation

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Lysosomes function in

digestion of materials

Hydrophobic region of phospholipid

fatty acid tail

If a cell lacked the enzyme DNA polymerase, it could not

form complementary strands of DNA during replication

The tails of a phospholipid molecule in a plasma membrane are___

hydrophobic

Produces ATP

mitochondria

Histones are found in

nucleosomes

Each triplet of bases in a gene corresponds to

one amino acid in a protein

A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates

phagocytosis

Mitochondrian

provides cell with energy

Smooth ER

synthesis of steroids and other lipids take place at the

Amino acids are transferred to the ribosome to be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain by

tRNA

During mitosis, two daughter cells form, each of which has

the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

The process of forming mRNA is called

transcription


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