A&P Exam #3

Which of the following tissues are part of bone? 1. epithelial tissues 2. muscular tissues 3. nervous tissues 4. connective tissues

1, 3, 4

Which of the following tissues are part of bone? 1. epithelial tissues 2. muscular tissues 3. nervous tissues 4. connective tissues

1,3,4

How many phalanges are in each hand?

14

In the diagram, which is largest fontanel in size at birth.

A

In the diagram, which is the crista galli of the ethmoid bone?

A

In the diagram, which is the only part of the clavicle that articulates with the scapula?

A

In the diagram, which of the cervical vertebrae contains the articular surface that permits the movement of the head seen when saying "yes"?

A

In the diagram, which structure on the humerus receives the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed.

A

In the diagram, which structure on the humorous receives the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed.

A

Where in the diagram does the secondary ossification center form?

A

Which bone cell in the diagram is located in the inner layer of the periosteum, the endosteum, and perforating and Haversian canals?

A

Which pelvis in the diagram shows the characteristics of a female pelvis?

A

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?

A and B

Place the events of a fracture repair in order. A: A hematoma will form and will form a temporary connection between the ends of the bones. B: Fibroblasts and chondroblasts migrate from the periosteum and begin to produce fibrocartilage to connect the ends of the bones. C: Osteoclasts resorb dead portions of the new bony area, and compact bone replaces spongy bone. D:Osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts and produce spongy bone. E: Phagocytes and osteoclasts begin to remove dead and damaged tissue.

A, E, B, D, C

In the diagram, which of the labeled structures serve as attachment sites for tendons of the shoulder muscles?

A,C,D,E

What statements describe osteoblasts? Select all that apply.

Active when blood calcium levels are high Differentiates from osteoprogenitor PTH causes these cells to become more active Over activity can contribute to hypocalcemia Bone building cells

The carpal tunnel consists of which of the following?

All of these choices are correct: Pisiform. Trapezium. Flexor retinaculum. Both pisiform and trapezium.

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

Attachment site for lower limbs and for large pectoral muscles.

In the diagram, which is the foramen ovale?

B

In the diagram, which labeled bone is the only bone of the foot that articulates with the fibula and tibia?

B

In the diagram, which of the cervical vertebrae contains a unique process that is responsible for the ability to move your head from side to side signifying "no"?

B

What areas in the diagram lack a perichondrium? Select all that apply.

B E

Which statement describes blood calcium levels accurately?

Blood calcium levels increase when bone breaks down, and decreases when bone is built.

Which of the following markings is located on the medial side of the femur?

Both head and lesser trochanter

In the diagram, which bone would be classified as the flat bone?

C

In the diagram, which is the clavicular notch?

C

In the diagram, which is the foramen ovale?

C

In the diagram, which of the labeled structures is the supraspinous fossa?

C

Which labeled structures in the figure are canaliculi?

C

A vertebrae with no vertebral body, transverse foramina and a potential bifid process would describe

Cervical vertebrae

Bones in the following area protect the brain.

Cranium

In the diagram, where is the trochlea?

D

In the diagram, which is the nasal bone?

D

In the diagram, which is the spinous process in the diagram?

D

In the diagram, where is the styloid process of the radius?

E

In the diagram, which is the lacrimal bone?

E

In the diagram, which is the palatine bone?

E

Which illustration and radiograph in the figure shows a Pott's fracture?

E

Where in the diagram is hyaline cartilage located? Select all that apply.

E A

In the diagram of the pelvis, which structure is where the longest nerve in the body passes?

F

Where in the diagram is dense irregular connective tissue located?

F

In the diagram, in what areas are osteoprogenitor cells located? Select all that apply

F and E

In infants, hydrocephalus, water on the brain, causes bulging and swelling in the head. The head appears larger than expected. What structure in the axial skeletal system will bulge?

Fontanelles

In the diagram of the wrist and hand, where is the capitate bone?

G

In the diagram, which is the first blood vessel that enters the bone model in endochondral ossification?

H

In the diagram, which is the zygomatic bone?

H

In the diagram, which part is the vertebral body?

H

Shoulder (glenohumeral) dislocations are very common in emergency care. Which statement best describes an anterior shoulder dislocation?

Humeral head is in front of the glenoid cavity

In the diagram, which bone articulates with every other bone of the face except the mandible?

I

In the diagram, which is the mastoid process?

J

If bone is analogous to a bank, calcium is analogous to ______.

Money

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? vomer palatine mandible lacrimal occipital

Occipital

Why would running and jumping have a larger effect on bone health than walking?

Osteoblasts are more active and osteoclast maintain normal activity when there is mechanical stress placed on bones.

PTH will increase _______ activity while Calcitonin will decrease __________ activity.

Osteoclast; osteoclast

Mary, an avid runner, was complaining that her lower leg hurt. After going to the doctor, they did not see anything on x-rays of her tibia or fibula. The doctor ordered a bone scan and saw tiny fissures throughout her tibia without any other tissue damage. What is Mary's likely diagnosis?

Stress fracture

Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? Select all that apply.

Support Triglyceride storage Protection Assistance in movement Mineral homeostasis Blood cell production

If collagen is removed from bone, what happens to the bone? Choose the best answer.

The bone becomes stiff and brittle.

Why do greenstick fractures commonly occur in children?

Their bones contain higher amounts of collagen.

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to the human hand?

There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges.

Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone?

They allow bones to shorten or lengthen.

Which of the following important body functions is calcium involved? Select all that apply.

acting as a cofactor in some enzymatic reactions. blood clotting. nervous cell stability. muscle cell stability.

The ______ is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a joint

articular cartilage

This is the thick edge of the scapula that is closer to the arm.

axillary border

The carpometacarpal joint consists of the

base of metacarpal bones and distal row of carpal bones.

Which of the following bones is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint?

clavicle

A prominent ridge or elongated projection on a bone is called a

crest

The shaft of a long bone is the

diaphysis.

The ______ is composed of hyaline cartilage and allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

epiphyseal plate

The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?

fibula

Which of the following types of bone is the occipital bone?

flat bone

Which of the following bone markings on the scapula is an indentation into which the head of the humerus fits?

glenoid cavity

Which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children?

greenstick

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

help absorb vertical shock to the spinal column

Which bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity?

humerus

Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone?

hyoid

Which condition is also called "hunchback" due to an increase in the thoracic curve of the vertebral column?

kyphosis

Which condition is characterized by an increase or exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the vertebral column?

lordosis

During embryonic and fetal develop, most skeletal tissues arise from

mesenchymal cells.

During endochondral ossification in a fetus, bones initially develop as a cartilage model that was formed from

mesenchyme.

Which of the following is the largest foramen in the human skeleton?

obturator foramen

What bone marking found on the second cervical vertebra projects superiorly into the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas?

odontoid process

Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?

osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

This cell is active once the matrix of bone calcifies. The cells sits in a lacunae.

osteocytes

How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned? How does the osteon arrangement affect bone strength?

parallel to the length of the diaphysis; the shaft resists bending even when stresses are applied in certain directions.

What hormone(s) is/are released from the control center when the control center receives cAMP input; also important in increasing blood calcium serum levels. Choose the best answer.

parathyroid

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? parietal zygomatic palatine maxillae nasal

parietal

Which sesamoid bone develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle and articulates with medial and lateral condyles of femur?

patella

The boundary between the true pelvis and the false pelvis is the

pelvic brim

What area of long bone is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and osteogenic cells?

periosteum

The pituitary gland is contained in a depression found in which cranial bone?

sphenoid

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

sphenoid

Which of the following is NOT a way that the skeletal system contributes to homeostasis? stores and releases sodium ions provides support and protection for internal organs houses blood forming tissue protects the brain and spinal cord serves as attachment and leverage points for muscles

stores and releases sodium ions

The hyoid bone is suspended by ligaments and muscle that extend from the _____ of the temporal bone.

styloid process

Which bone forms the zygomatic arch with the zygomatic bone?

temporal

Which of the following cranial bones contains the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible?

temporal

The portion of the bony pelvis that is found inferior to the pelvic brim is called

the true pelvis.

The tubercle found on the neck of a rib articulates with a facet found on the

transverse process of a thoracic vertebra.