A&P Exam 6

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on sense organs? A. A large loss in the ability to detect odors. B. Decrease in sense of taste. C. Loss of lens flexibility in the eye. D. Decline in visual acuity and color perception. E. Decreased ability to localize sound.

a large loss of the ability to detect odors

macula

a small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina

The round window A. reflects sound waves. B. vibrates the basilar membrane. C. allows for compression of the organ of Corti. D. acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea. E. increases the pressure of the perilymph.

acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea

The two classes of adrenergic receptors are A. alpha and beta. B. splanchnic and terminal. C. muscarinic and nicotinic. D. nicotinic and cholinergic. E. muscarinic and terminal.

alpha and beta

Which of the following drugs would be the best choice to use in chronic asthma to dilate the bronchioles? A. a nicotinic agent B. a muscarinic agent C. alpha-adrenergic blocking agents D. beta-adrenergic stimulating agents E. ganglionic blocking agents.

beta-adrenergic stimulating agents

Which type of taste has the lowest threshold? A. sweet B. bitter C. salty D. sour E. umami

bitter

Which effector has no innervation with parasympathetic nerves? A. eye B. pancreas C. heart D. blood vessels

blood vessels

Arrange the following structures in the order in which they vibrate when a sound wave enters the ear. (1) eardrum (2) endolymph (3) ossicles (4) oval window (5) perilymph A. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 B. 1, 4, 3, 5, 2 C. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 D. 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 E. 1, 3, 4, 5, 2

eardrum, ossicles, oval window, perilymph, endolymph

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates an eye muscle? A. optic B. facial C. abducens D. trigeminal E. vagus

optic

Arrange the following structures in the order in which they would vibrate as a result of the tympanic membrane vibrating. (1) oval window(2) vestibular membrane and endolymph(3) ossicles(4) basilar membrane(5) perilymph A. 3, 5, 2, 4, 1 B. 1, 2, 5, 3, 4 C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 E. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1

3, 1, 5, 2, 4

Arrange the following events in correct sequence. (1) retinal cells generate action potential (2) person becomes aware of the information obtained by CNS (3) visual cortex translates action potential (4) bright light is shone into the eye (5) optic nerve conducts action potential to CNS A. 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 B. 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 C. 4, 1, 5, 3, 2 D. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3 E. 4, 3, 5, 2, 1

4, 1, 5, 3, 2

7. Which of the following statements is true? A. Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced. B. Olfactory epithelial receptors are highly specific. C. Olfaction first goes to the thalamus and is then relayed to the cerebral cortex. D. Continued stimulation of olfactory neurons produces the same level of response. E. Replacement of neurons is a common phenomenon in the body.

A. Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced.

Efferent neurons of the A. somatic motor nerves innervate smooth muscle. B. ANS innervate skeletal muscle. C. somatic motor nerves connect skeletal muscles to the chain ganglia of the spinal cord. D. ANS utilize one neuron to connect the CNS to the effector organ. E. ANS utilize two neurons in series to connect the CNS to the effector

ANS utilize two neurons in series to connect the CNS to the effector

As a stereocilium bends, the tip link pulls ______ gates open. A. Na+ B. Ca2+ C. Cl- D. K+

K+

2. Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help to identify an odor? A. More air containing the odor is brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium. B. Impulses originate slowly in the olfactory epithelium. C. The tissue needs more time in contact with the odor. D. Threshold for odor detection is high. E. Receptors in the olfactory epithelium are highly specific.

More air containing the odor is brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium.

beta-adrenergic receptors

Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation.

Which of the following statements is false? A. Each taste bud is most sensitive to one of the five basic tastes. B. Sensitivity of taste buds for sweet taste is very high. C. Adaptation for taste is rapid. D. Olfaction influences taste. E. Sensitivities for sweet and salty tastes are the lowest.

Sensitivity of taste buds for sweet taste is very high

Night blindness could be caused by A. a lack of cones. B. a lack of iodopsin. C. a lack of rhodopsin. D. too much vitamin A in the diet. E. a lack of vitamin C in the diet.

a lack of rhodopsin

The semicircular canals A. are parallel to each other. B. can detect movement in only one direction. C. have a base called a papilla. D. contain cupulae that respond to gravity. E. allow a person to detect movement in all directions.

allow a person to detect movement in all directions

the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye

aqueous humor

Damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in loss of A. taste. B. sight. C. hearing. D. balance. E. smell.

balance

optic disc

blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here

When a person consumes a substantial amount of nicotine, the response A. increases parasympathetic responses. B. increases sympathetic responses. C. decreases parasympathetic responses. D. decreases sympathetic responses. E. both increases parasympathetic responses and increases sympathetic responses.

both increases parasympathetic responses and increases sympathetic responses

The transparent mucous membrane that covers the anterior white surface of the eye is the A. conjunctival fornix. B. surface conjunctiva. C. bulbar conjunctiva. D. palpebral conjunctiva. E. sclera.

bulbar conjuctiva

Taste buds A. can perceive seven basic tastes. B. are replaced approximately every 30 days. C. can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution. D. can be found covering both the superior and inferior surfaces of the tongue. E. have axons and generate their own action potentials.

can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution

For distant vision, A. the lens is more spherical. B. the suspensory ligaments relax. C. the ciliary muscles are relaxed. D. light is refracted more by the lens than by the humors. E. the lens is thickened.

ciliary muscles are relaxed

Pinkeye is an acute inflammation of the A. retina. B. choroid. C. sclera. D. conjunctiva. E. lacrimal gland.

conjuctiva

Which of the following is NOT a symapthetic effect on the body? A. increased coagulation B. relaxation of ciliary muscle for far vision C. constriction of the pupil D. decreased insulin secretion

constriction of the pupil

Axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by all of the following except A. spinal nerves. B. cranial nerves. C. splanchnic nerves. D. sympathetic nerves. E. nerves that innervate the adrenal medulla.

cranial nerves

Where is the enteric nervous system located? A. brain B. heart C. digestive tract D. skin

digestive tract

Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic effect? A. constriction of the pupils of the eye B. contraction of the urinary bladder C. decreased heart rate D. dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs E. increased gastric secretions

dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs

The pigmented layer of the retina A. determines the color of the iris. B. enhances visual acuity and reduces scattering of light. C. protects the optic nerve from damage. D. causes increased scattering of incoming light. E. is the vascular layer of the retina.

enhances visual acuity and reduces scattering of light

Sympathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla causes the release of A. acetylcholine and epinephrine. B. norepinephrine and acetylcholine. C. epinephrine and norepinephrine. D. cortisol. E. aldosterone.

epinephrine and norepinephrine

When acetylcholine binds with nicotinic receptors, the response is A. inhibitory. B. excitatory. C. either excitatory or inhibitory. D. both excitatory and inhibitory. E. neither excitatory nor inhibitory.

excitatory

Palpebrae is another name for the A. eyes. B. eyelids. C. eyebrows. D. eyelashes. E. conjunctiva.

eyelids

Damage to which of the following cranial nerves may impair the sense of taste? A. facial B. abducens C. trigeminal D. hypoglossal E. accessory

facial

You taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue". These taste sensations would be carried via the _____ cranial nerve. A. facial (VII) B. vagus (X) C. trigeminal (V) D. glossopharyngeal (IX) E. hypoglossal (XII)

facial

Taste buds are not associated with _____ papillae. A. foliate B. filiform C. fungiform D. vallate E. papilliform

filiform

The area of greatest visual acuity is the A. lens. B. fovea centralis. C. optic disc. D. posterior chamber. E. blind spot.

fovea centralis

Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in some loss of A. hearing and balance. B. hearing and taste. C. smell. D. taste. E. hearing and sight.

hearing and balance

What part of the brain is in overall control of the ANS? A. medulla oblongata B. hypothalamus C. thalamus D. cerebrum

hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT an effect of parasympathetic action? A. increased tear production B. increased motility of the intestines C. increased metabolism D. increased gastric secretion

increases metabolism

Which of the following occurs when the parasympathetic system is stimulated? A. increased blood pressure B. increased motility of the digestive tract C. increased metabolism D. increased heart rate E. decreased motility of the digestive tract

increases motility of the digestive tract

Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic eye muscle? A. ciliary muscles B. inferior oblique muscle C. sphincter pupillae muscle D. dilator pupillae muscle

inferior oblique muscle

Color vision A. is a function of cone cells. B. is most acute in dim light. C. is interpreted in the cerebellum. D. depends on the amount of available rhodopsin. E. is the interaction between rods and cones.

is a function of cone cells

The cornea is relatively easy to transplant because A. its proteoglycan content is high. B. it is easy to access and is a vascular. C. it has an extensive blood supply. D. its high immunological activity prevents infection. E. it is not attached to the eye.

it is easy to access and it is avascular

The blink reflex is designed to A. maintain balance. B. regulate pupil size. C. provide clearer vision. D. keep the eyes moist. E. orient the eyes.

keeps the eyes moist

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS differ in the A. length of the preganglionic and postganglionic axons. B. location of the preganglionic cell bodies. C. position of the ganglia where preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse. D. length of the preganglionic and postganglionic axons, and location of the preganglionic cell bodies. E. length of the preganglionic and postganglionic axons, location of the preganglionic cell bodies, and position of the ganglia where preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse.

length of the preganglionic an postganglionic axons, location of the preganglionic cell bodies, and position of the ganglia where preganglionic and postganglionic neruons synapse

Light refracts as it passes through the A. vitreous humor, sclera, and iris. B. lens, aqueous humor, and sclera. C. cornea, retina, and vitreous humor. D. lens, cornea and humors of the eye. E. sclera, iris, and retina.

lens, cornea, and humors of the eye

Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex could result in which of the following visual changes? A. loss of temporal visual fields from both eyes B. loss of nasal visual fields from both eyes C. loss of right visual fields from both eyes D. loss of left visual fields from both eyes E. None of these choices is correct.

loss of right visual fields from both eyes

Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane? A. labyrinth B. incas C. malleus D. stapes E. oval window

malleus

Autonomic reflexes might be integrated in the A. medulla oblongata. B. spinal cord. C. hypothalamus. D. thalamus. E. medula oblongata, spinal cord and hypothalamus.

medulla oblongata, spinal cord, and hypothalamus

The position of the head with respect to gravity is determined by the A. shift in fluid in the semicircular canals. B. movements of otoliths in response to gravity. C. movements of perilymph in the vestibular chamber. D. impulses transmitted from the macula of the semicircular canals. E. stimulation of the cochlear portion of the nerve.

movements of otoliths in response to gravity

Acetylcholine will cause the pupil of the eye to constrict. A drug acts on receptors for acetylcholine to cause the pupils of the eye to dilate. Nicotine does not bind to receptors in smooth muscle cells of the iris. Therefore, the drug which causes the pupils to dilate is a A. nicotinic blocking agent. B. muscarinic blocking agent. C. a nicotinic agent. D. a muscarinic agent. E. an adrenergic agent

muscarinic blocking agent

Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT innervate extrinsic eye muscles? A. oculomotor B. abducens C. trochlear D. optic E. trigeminal

optic

Blood vessels enter the eye and nerve processes exit the eye at the A. optic disc. B. macula lutea. C. sensory retina. D. fovea centralis. E. pupil.

optic disc

A person loses all vision in their left eye. One possible cause could be damage to the A. optic chiasma. B. left optic tract. C. optic nerve in the left eye. D. right lateral geniculate nucleus. E. right visual cortex in the occipital lobe

optic nerve in the left eye

The sensory cells for hearing are located in the A. organ of Corti or spiral organ. B. oval window. C. middle ear. D. vestibule. E. semicircular canals.

organ of Corti or spiral organ

The _______________ division of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restful conditions. A. parasympathetic B. somatic C. sympathetic D. thoracolumbar E. sensory

parasympathetic

Atropine causes the pupil of the eye to dilate by blocking the effect of muscarinic receptors. This means atropine is a(n) A. ganglionic blocking agent. B. beta-adrenergic blocking agent. C. alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. D. parasympathetic blocking agent E. parasympathomimetic agents

parasympathetic blocking agent

Which of the following neurons is most likely to be adrenergic? A. preganglionic sympathetic B. preganglionic parasympathetic C. postganglionic sympathetic D. postganglionic parasympathetic E. postganglionic somatic motor

postganglionic parasympathetic

Beta-blockers (beta-adrenergic blocking agents) are frequently used to A. cause vasoconstriction. B. block muscarinic receptors. C. dilate the pupils of the eye. D. prevent increases in heart rate. E. prevent decreases in heart rate.

prevent increases in heart rate

To which of the following substances would the taste buds be most sensitive? A. syrup B. vinegar C. salt water D. quinine (tonic) water E. jelly

quinine (tonic) wate

To which colors are the three different kinds of cones sensitive? A. blue, red, and yellow B. red, blue, and green C. red, violet, and yellow D. violet, green, and blue E. orange, indigo, and violet

red, blue, and green

Which of the following functions is carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor? A. cleanses the eye B. nourishment of the eye C. refraction of light rays D. generation of a visual image E. control the amount of light entering the eye

refraction of light rays

The only place in the body where blood vessels can be viewed directly is the A. retina. B. optic chiasm. C. sclera. D. cornea. E. conjunctiva.

retina

Sensory receptors for balance are found in the A. pinna. B. cochlea. C. auditory ossicles. D. semicircular canals. E. auditory tube.

semicircular canals

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by A. the absence of preganglionic fibers. B. the absence of postganglionic axons. C. short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate. D. short preganglionic axons near the spinal cord. E. long postganglionic axons.

short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate

Which of the following is NOT an effector controlled by the autonomic nervous system? A. cardiac muscle B. glands C. skeletal muscle D. smooth muscle in blood vessels E. smooth muscle in the digestive system

skeletal muscles

Which of the following special senses is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without going to the thalamus? A. smell B. taste C. sight D. sound E. touch

smell

Which of the special senses contains receptor neurons that are the only nerve cells in direct contact with the outside environment? A. equilibrium B. hearing C. smell D. taste E. vision

smell

The utricle and saccule are involved in A. static balance. B. kinetic balance. C. hearing low intensity sounds. D. hearing high intensity sounds. E. evaluating movements of the head.

static balance

Preganglionic fibers from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord are part of the ____ division of the ANS. A. central B. sympathetic C. somatic motor D. parasympathetic E. ganglionic

sympathetic

Chain ganglia are part of the A. central nervous system. B. sympathetic branch of the ANS. C. somatic motor branch of the ANS. D. parasympathetic branch of the ANS. E. spinal cord.

sympathetic branch of the ANS

John sees Martha; the pupils of his eyes dilate. It is "love at first sight." What division(s) of the ANS is(are) involved? A. sympathetic division B. parasympathetic division C. somatic motor division D. neither sympathetic division nor parasympathetic division E. both sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

sympathetic division

Why does a person's nose run when he cries? A. Tears drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct. B. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation causes the nose to secrete mucus. C. Intense stimulation of the facial nerve as a result of crying increases nasal secretions. D. The lacrimal glands secrete tears directly into the nose. E. This stimulates fluid production in the nose

tears drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct

The olfactory cortex is located in the _____ lobe and the secondary olfactory areas are located in the ___ lobe. A. frontal, temporal B. frontal, parietal C. parietal, temporal D. temporal, frontal

temporal, frontal

The two divisions of the ANS have antagonistic effects on each of the following EXCEPT A. the diameter of the blood vessels in skeletal muscles B. the diameter of bronchioles in the lungs C. gastrointestinal peristalsis D. heart rate E. the eye

the diameter of the blood vessels in skeletal muscles

fovea centralis

the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity

In the sympathetic division of the ANS, A. an important characteristic is convergence of neurons. B. preganglionic fibers are generally longer than postganglionic fibers. C. the preganglionic cell body is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord. D. a single preganglionic fiber usually synapses with a single postganglionic fiber. E. preganglionic fibers emerge from the cervical portion of the spinal cord.

the preganglionic cell body is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the A. cranial and sacral regions. B. lumbar and sacral regions. C. cranial and thoracic regions. D. thoracic and lumbar regions. E. cervical and sacral regions

thoracic and lumbar regions

What connects the stereocilia in a hair bundle? A. calcium channels B. tip links C. spiral ligaments D. outer hair cells

tip links

Compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes A. one motor neuron plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors. B. one motor neuron plus skeletal muscles as effectors. C. two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors. D. two motor neurons plus skeletal muscles as effectors. E. three motor neurons plus skeletal muscles as effectors.

two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors

The external ear terminates at the A. pinna. B. oval window. C. tympanic membrane. D. internal auditory meatus. E. ossicles.

tympanic membrane

a jellylike substance in the posterior cavity of the eye

vitreous humor

The short connection between a spinal nerve and a sympathetic chain ganglion through which preganglionic neurons pass is called the A. white ramus communicans. B. gray ramus communicans. C. splanchnic nerve. D. terminal ganglia. E. pink ramus communicans.

white ramus communicans