A&P Final

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

Which activity would be most dependent upon creatine?

Diving

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?

During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.

The trochlear notch helps to stabilize which joint?

Elbow

The collateral ligaments are found in which of the following joint(s)?

Elbow and knee

The biceps brachii is a prime mover for which action?

Elbow flexion

The muscles of the back that are most susceptible to injury during heavy lifting belong to the ______ muscle group.

Erector spinae

What can cause gouty arthritis?

Excessive blood levels of uric acid depositied as crystals in the soft tissue joints

The muscle is primary responsible for preventing foot drop

Extensor digitorum longus

All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight. True or False

False

True/False: Hip flexion increases the angle between the hip joint and the torso.

False

Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condylesending up in the infratemporal fossa. True or False

False; joint in the body

After about 30 minutes of exercise, which substance becomes the major source of fuel?

Fatty acid

Which of the following correctly lists the three structural types of joints?

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

The anterior fibers of the deltoid ____.

Flex the arm at shoulder

Of the deep posterior muscles of the forearm and from the posterior view of the forearm, which muscle is most lateral?

Flexi carpi ulnaris

What movement has occurred when you bend your fingers to make a fist?

Flexion

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Which is not part of synovial joint

Tendon sheath

What is the significance of the muscle fiber triad relationship?

The T tubules conduct electrical impulses that stimulate calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following is a true statement?

The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.

Which of the following muscles inserts by calcaneal tendon?

The gastrocnemius

What would be the first response of a muscle fiber treated with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

The muscle fiber would continue to contract in the absence of additional nervous system stimulation.

Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their size, speed, and endurance. Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of red fibers?

a long, relaxing swim

Most skeletal muscles contain ____________.

a mixture of fibre types

The term aponeurosis refers to

a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element

Muscle tone is ________.

a state of sustained partial contraction

The main effect of the warm-up period of athletes, as the muscle contractions increase in strength, is to ________.

enhance the availability of calcium and the efficiency of enzyme systems

The ligamentum teres represents a very important stabilizing ligament for the hip joint. True or False

false

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion. True or False

false

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements. True or False

false

True/False: Abduction of the hip requires the same muscles regardless of the hip position (flexed or non-flexed).

false

True/False: Both adduction and abduction require the deltoid muscle for action.

false

True/False: Both the teres minor and the teres major muscles act on the humerus.

false

True/False: Keeping the humeral head centered within the glenoid cavity requires that the muscle and the head of the humerus be kept in separate planes.

false

True/False: The forearm muscles can be divided into anterior flexors and posterior extensors, but only the anterior flexors contain a superficial and a deep layer.

false

True/False: The posterior compartment of muscles that act on the ankle and foot contains deep leg muscles only.

false

True/False: The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to provide the only connection between the arm and the axial skeleton.

false

True/False: The rotator cuff is a term used to describe the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize and reinforce the pectoral girdle.

false

True/False: The rotator cuff muscles are not considered part of the shoulder joint.

false

True/False: The teres major muscle is one of the two posterior muscles that cross the glenohumeral joint.

false

True/False: The three gluteal muscles, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus, are considered lateral rotators.

false

True/False: The various muscles of the leg that act on the ankle and foot are found within two compartments.

false

True/False: Wrist abduction occurs through the flexor carpi ulnaris while wrist adduction is a function of the flexor carpi radialis.

false

Sprinters typically possess more ______ muscle fibers.

fast oxidative

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.

feet

Vastus lateralis is a member of the quadriceps femoris group and is innervated by the ____ nerve.

femoral

The lateral compartment of muscles that act on the ankle and foot contains the _____________.

fibularis brevis muscle, fibularis longus muscle (not fibularis tertius)

The deep posterior compartment does not contain the _____________.

fibularis longus

The _____________ muscle inserts on metatarsal 5.

fibularis tertius

What muscle is responsible for keeping your toes from dragging when walking?

fibularis tertius

Scissors demonstrate which type of lever?

first-class lever

When the hip is already flexed, abduction requires the addition of _____________ more muscle(s).

five

Biceps brachii ____ and supinates the forearm.

flexes

Flexor digitorum longus ____.

flexes all joints of digits 2-5

A reduction in the anterior angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be _____________.

flexion

Movement at the elbow joint is summarized as _____________.

flexion and extension

Muscles that act on the knee joint exhibit two actions _____________.

flexion and extension

Brachioradialis is a(n) ____ of the forearm.

flexor

Finger flexion is NOT a function of the _____________.

flexor carpi radialis

The prime movers of wrist flexion are the _____________.

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and flexor digitorum superficialis

the superficial anterior flexor muscles consist of all of the following except _____________.

flexor polices longus

Of the following muscles of the wrist and fingers, which muscle is considered a deep anterior flexor?

flexor pollicis longus

Flexor carpi radialis arises from the common ____.

flexor tendon of the humerus

Brachialis is a flexor of the ____.

forearm

A major cellular feature in smooth muscle that contributes to its rhythmicity and ability to participate in peristalsis is the presenceof ______.

gap junctions

Identify the superficial posterior muscle that acts on the ankle and foot from the following:

gastrocnemius

The ______ muscles comprise the triceps surae that inserts onto the calcaneal tendon and are prime movers of plantar flexion.

gastrocnemius and soleus

A cute, little curly haired child is sitting behind you in church. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?

genioglossus

An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is ________.

glycolysis

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.

gomphosis

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?

gracilis

All muscles termed the lateral rotators insert on or near the ______________ trochanter of the femur.

greater

Trapezius acts on the ____.

head, neck, and scapula

Rectus femoris acts on both the ____

hip and knee

The tendons of all four muscles of the rotator cuff combine at the _____________.

humoral head

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.

hyaline cartilage

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.

hyperextension

The prime movers of hip flexion are the _____________.

ilicus muscle, psoas major muscle

Which of the following is NOT considered a medial muscle?

iliopsoas

First-class levers ________.

in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location

Which of the following is not a usual result of resistance exercise?

increase in the number of muscle cells

What is the primary function of wave summation?

increase muscle tension

Which of the choices below does not describe how recovery oxygen uptake (oxygen deficit) restores metabolic conditions?

increases the level of lactic acid in the muscle

The strongest muscle contraction are normally achieved by

increasing the stimulation up to maximal stimulus

A muscle located on the dorsal side of the body is the ________.

infraspinatus

Fatigue muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of

intense exercise of short duration

To exhale forcibly, one would contract the:

internal intercostals and diaphragm.

All of the following are synovial joints except ______.

intervertebral

Medial rotation represents this movement of the hip:

inward, towards the center

The popliteus muscle is included as a knee flexor because _____________.

it unlocks the knee to allow flexion to occur

______ serve as a fulcrum on your body.

joints

The most important function of the rotator cuff muscles is to _____________.

keep the hemural head within the glenoidal cavity

The time period between action potential initiation and mechanical activity of a muscle fiber is called the ______.

latent period

The biceps femoris is the ____ member of the group of muscles known as the hamstrings.

lateral

The knee joint is most susceptible to injury when ______ blows are applied to the knee.

lateral

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.

lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements

Acting unilaterally, the external oblique muscles ____.

laterally flex and rotate the vertebral column

A muscle that is antagonistic to the pectoralis major would be the ______.

latissimus dorsi

The larger of the axial muscles, both anterior and posterior, that cross the glenohumeral joint is the _____________.

latissimus dorsi

The posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the _____________ muscle.

latissimus dorsi

Vastus medialis extends the ____.

leg at the knee

The four muscles that comprise the posterior group of the pectoral girdle are the _____________.

levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major and trapezius

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.

load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applies near the fulcrom

The most common form of chronic arthritis is ______.

osteoarthritis

Which of the following conditions is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis?

osteoarthritis

The anterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the pectoralis major muscle.

pectoralis major

Anterior muscles of the pectoral girdle include the _____________.pectoralis minor &

pectoralis minor & serratus anterior

Forearm supination is the result of the __________, but is assisted by the ____________.

supinator muscle, biceps brachii muscle

Downward dislocation of the humerus from the glenohumeral joint when carrying weight is prevented by the _____________ muscle.

supraspinatus

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

A fibrous joint connected by ligaments is classified as a ______.

syndesmosis

Extension of the glenohumeral joint results from the contraction of one synergist, the _____________.

teres major

The posterior scapular muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the _____________ muscle(s).

teres major

Which muscle is not considered a prime mover of the shoulder joint?

teres major

Which of the following muscles would not be considered part of the rotator cuff?

teres major

During a muscle contraction, the sliding filament theory would be apparent in a sarcomere because ______.

the H zone becomes less obvious and the Z discs move closer together

The mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in that ________.

the site of calcium regulation differs

A muscle that allows us to shrug our shoulders is the ______.

trapezius

The warm-up period required of athletes in order to bring their muscles to peak performance is called

treppe

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints. True or False

true

The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability. True or False

true

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint. True or False

true

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement. True or False

true

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity. True or False

true

True/False: All muscles of the anterior compartment that act on the ankle and foot show origin sites on the interosseous membrane.

true

True/False: Ankle joint movements include plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

true

True/False: Contraction of the pronator teres and the pronator quadratus results in forearm pronation.

true

True/False: Finger flexion occurs though the combined actions of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis.

true

True/False: Muscle of extension for the forearm is located posteriorly.

true

True/False: Muscles that act on the knee joint from most of the mass of the thigh.

true

True/False: The anconeus muscle is the smallest of the posterior extensors.

true

True/False: The iliacus and psoas major are known as the iliopsoas muscle because they share a common insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

true

True/False: The inflammation that can occur within the flexor retinaculum is called carpal tunnel syndrome.

true

True/False: The longest muscle of the medial muscles that cross the hip is the gracilis.

true

True/False: The muscles of the lower limb, as a group, are the largest muscles in the body.

true

True/False: The rotator cuff muscles act to stabilize the humerus.

true

True/False: The superficial posterior extensors include the extensor digitorum.

true

True/False: The teres minor muscle provides for external rotation of the humerus.

true

Hinge joints are classified as ______.

uniaxial

Movement allowed in a pivot joint is known as ________.

uniaxial rotation

The extensor digitorum longus has which type of fascicle arrangement?

unipennate

Electrical coupling by gap junctions is present in ______.

unitary smooth muscle

A single contraction in response to a single threshold stimulus is defined as _________.

a twitch

After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?

acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

Which joint in your body is the most easily dislocated?

Temporomandibular

The serratus anterior muscle is associated with which of the following scapular movement(s)?

protraction and depression

Articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones serves to

provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

Biting into food involves which of the following types of movement?

Depression and elevation

The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called _____________.

elevation

Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction would be _____________.

90 degree

Rank the medial muscles that cross the hip by point of insertion from lateral to medial: (1) adductor magnus, (2) pectineus, (3) adductor brevis, (4) adductor longus, (5) gracilis.

2,1,3,4,5 Pectineus, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Gracilis.

The giant protein titin maintains the organization of the ________ assisting in muscle stretching.

A band

Thick filaments are found in the _______ of the sarcomere.

A band

What substance must bind to myosin heads in order for the heads to detach from the thin filaments?

ATP

What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called?

Abduction

How does calcium reenter the terminal cisterns after muscle contraction is finished?

Active transport

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?

Adductor magnus

______ is the length of time a muscle can continue to contract using aerobic pathways.

Aerobic endurance

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?

All act on the tongue

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

All synovial joints are freely movable

Articulation permitting only slight degree of movement are

Amphiarthroses

These are the most freely movable type of synovial joint.

Ball and socket

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

Binding to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

Brachioradialis

Which of the following is not a factor that stabilizes joints?

Bursae

Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?

endomysium

Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances

Ca2+ and ATP

Which ion links excitation to contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber?

Calcium

What is calcium's function during muscle contraction?

Calcium binds to troponin, changing its shape and removing the blocking action of tropomyosin

What is the role of calcium ions in the contraction of skeletal muscle?

Calcium ions bind to the troponin-tropomyosin complex and remove their inhibitory action on actin/myosin interaction.

Calcium binds to this substance in smooth muscle contraction.

Calmodulin

Which of the following statements is false or incorrect?

Cardiac muscle fibers depend mostly on anaerobic cellular respiration to generate ATP.

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify the saddle joint of the skeleton.

Carpometacarpal joint of the thummp

Which of the following is true about smooth muscle contraction?

Certain smooth muscle cells can actually divide to increase their numbers.

The levator ani and ______ muscles form the pelvic diaphragm.

Coccygeus

Paralysis of which of the following muscles will make an individual unable to flex the knee?

Hamstring muscle

Which of the following is a characteristic of slow oxidative muscle fibers?

High myoglobin content

This type of synovial joint is used when you bend your fingertips to hang onto a cliff.

Hinge

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

Hinge joint

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

Iliopsoas and rectus femoris

Which muscle is are contracted to exhale forcibly?

Internal intercostals and rectus abdominus

What would happen to intracellular calcium levels if a skeletal muscle fiber were treated with a calcium channel-blocking drug that acts only on the SR?

Intracellular calcium levels would increase.

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the followingstatements is true about this fluid?

It contains hyaluronic acid.

Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints?

Joints develop in parallel with bones.

in symphysis

Joints of the articular surface of the bones are covered with fibrocartilage

Which body joint is the most susceptible to sports injuries?

Knee

Which of the following is not a fatigue-producing factor in moderate exercise?

Lack of ATP

During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to ________.

Lactic acid

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which the events of excitation-contraction coupling occur.

Latent

Which of the following is not muscle primarily involved in breathing process

Latissimus dorsi

Which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle

Levator scapulae

Contraction of which sheet of smooth muscle results in dilation?

Longitudinal layer

The subscapularis muscles ____ the arms.

Medially rotate

Which is not a factor that affects the force of muscle contraction?

Method of muscle stimulation

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Muscle tension remains relatively constant during isotonic contraction.

What provides the effort in the lever system in a human body?

Muscles

The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cell is

Myoglobin

Which of the following statements is true?

None of the above statements are true.

Which muscle is the prime mover for flexion of the arm?

Pectoralis major

Which fascicular arrangement tends to be found in the most powerful muscles?

Pennate

The proximal ends of the radius and ulna form which type of joint?

Pivot

The carpals form this type of joint with each other.

Plane

Pointing your toes downward is described as which type of movement?

Plantar flexion

Pointing the toes is an example of?

Plantar flexion.

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?

Popliteus

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.

Rare because of the ligament reinforcement.

What type of exercise can convert fast oxidative fibers to fast glycolytic fibers?

Resistance exercise

What is the functional unit of skeletal muscle called?

Sarcomere

In which class of levers is the load between the fulcrum and the effort?

Second Class

What are menisci?

Semilunar cartilage pats.

Muscle that is the Prime mover to protract and hold the scapula against the chest wall; rotates scapula so that its inferior angle moves laterally and upward.

Serratus anterior

The tendon of the long head of the biceps strengthens which joint?

Shoulder

An amphiarthrotic joint exhibits which level of movement?

Slightly movable

When you lie on your back, your ______ muscles contract to lift your head.

Sternocleidomastoid

What unique characteristic of smooth muscle allows your stomach to stretch as you eat and not contract immediately to expel food?

Stress-relaxation response

Which of the following is not a component of standard treatment for muscle strain

Stretching of the muscle

Which of the following statements is true?

Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei.

Of the following types of joints, which type occurs only in the skull?

Suture

Which of the following is an example of a synarthrosis?

Suture

Which of the following forms of exercise is best for joints?

Swimming

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement.

Symphysis

When someone has "slipped a disc" of the vertebral column, which type of joint is disrupted?

Symphysis

Which of the following is a cartilaginous joint?

Symphysis

________ are cartilaginous joints

Synchondroses

Which of the following joints is a site of long bone growth?

Synchondrosis

On the basis of structural classification which joint is fibrous connective tissue?

Syndesmoses

Which of the following synovial joint components is responsible for secreting synovial fluid?

Synovial membrane

Which of the following statements is true regarding muscles of the forearm?

The pronator quadratus muscle originates on the ulna and inserts on the radius.

An example of interosseous fibrous

The radius and ulna along its length.

Which of the following muscles in involved in crossing one leg over the other while in sitting position

The sartorius

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the two bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint.

The trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.

What is the functional role of the T tubules?

enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction

Which of the following statement best describes angular movemetns?

They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

What is the function of T tubules?

They conduct action potentials from the sarcolemma to the interior of the muscle cell.

Which of the following describes the cells of single-unit visceral muscle?

They exhibit spontaneous action potentials.

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

Thigh adductors

Flexing the forearm with the biceps brachii is an example of which class of lever system?

Third class

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion of the ankle joint?

Tibialis anterior

The thin filaments are not comprised of which of the following components?

Titin

The elastic components of muscle consist of which elements?

Titin, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

One tranverse tubule plus two adjacent terminal cisternae form a ___________.

Triad

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules

Theoretically, contraction would not occur if _______.

Z discs contact the thick myofilaments & actin and myosin filaments do not overlap

This muscle is the primary muscle used in smiling.

Zygomaticus

Supraspinatus acts with the deltoid to ____ the arm.

abduct

Movement of the shoulder away and laterally from the body is called _____________.

abduction

The principal neurotransmitter of skeletal muscle is acetylcholine. The major neurotransmitter(s) of smooth muscleis (are) _______.

acetylcholine, epinephrine & norepinephrine

Tendon sheaths

act as friction-reducing structures

The sliding filament model of contraction involves ________.

actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping

During muscle contraction myosin cross bridges attache to which actives sites?

actin filaments

Which of the following is not a role of ionic calcium in muscle contraction?

activates epinephrine released from adrenal gland

The internal intercostal muscles are used during ____.

active expiration

Pectineus is a hip ____.

adductor

The primary mover of hip adduction is the _____________.

adductor Magnus

Flexor carpi ulnaris flexes and ____ the wrist.

adducts

Extensor hallucis longus extends ____.

all joints of the big toe

Calcium is released from the terminal cisterns in response to ______.

an action potential

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing movement called

an agonist

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.

antagonist

The supinator muscle supinates the forearm such that the palm turns ____.

anterior

Muscles that act on the knee are divided into _____________ groups.

anterior and posterior

The deep fascia separates the lower leg muscles into a(n) _____________.

anterior compartment, lateral compartment, posterior compartment

The muscles of the shoulder joint are divided into all of the following groups except the:

anterior flexors

Muscles of the lower limb can be separated into three groups: _____________.

anterior, medial, posterior

Which ligament holds the radius to the ulna at the proximal end?

anular

A sheetlike extension of the epimysium is called a(n) ______.

aponeurosis

The suprahyoid muscles ________.

are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity

The muscles of the leg that control ankle and foot movement are called extrinsic because they _____________.

are located in the leg but exert actions in the ankle and foot

The site where two or more bones meet is called a(n) ______.

articulation site

Hyperextension of the elbow would result in damage to the _____________.

biceps brachii

The hamstring muscle(s) consist of the _____________.

biceps femurs, semimembranosis, semitendinosis

At the neuromuscular junction, the muscle contraction initiation event is ______.

binding of acetylcholine to membrane receptors on the sarcolemma

The most powerful muscle of the flexors is the _____________.

brachalis

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling called the ________.

buccinator

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develop are

bursae

Much of the friction associated with synovial joints is reduced by the presence of ______.

bursae

The soleus muscle inserts on the _____________.

calcaneus

During muscle contraction, all of the following occur EXCEPT ________.

calcium concentrations in the sarcoplasm decrease

A major difference between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers in terms of calcium influx is that ______.

calcium ion influx occurs mostly from the extracellular fluid in smooth muscle

As action potentials travel down a T tubule, a voltage-sensitive protein changes shape. This shape change opens a ____________.

calcium release channel

In an isotonic contraction, the muscle ________.

changes in length and moves the "load"

Which of the following is not a way muscle contractions can be graded?

changing the type of muscle fibers involved in the contraction

The muscles that are found at openings of the body are collectively called

circular muscles

The components of the pectoral girdle include _____________.

clavicle and scapula

Temporalis, along with the masseter, ____.

closes the jaw

Orbicularis oris ________.

closes, purses and protrudes the lips

Which of the following does not compress the abdomen?

coccygeus

The anterior scapular muscles include the _____________ muscle(s).

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and deltoid

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit themovement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.

cruciate ligaments

During exercise, the _____________ aids venous return of the blood.

deep fascia

The muscle that mey extend and laterally rotate the arm

deltoid

The prime mover in abduction of the arm is the ______.

deltoid

Which of the following muscles is involved in abduction?

deltoid

The prime movers of glenohumeral joint flexion are the _____________ muscles.

deltoid and the pectoralis major

Smooth muscle contains ______ that correspond to the Z discs of skeletal muscle.

dense bodies

In a muscle fiber, the key intracellular event that stimulates muscle contraction is known as ______.

depolarization

The ______ is (are) the most important muscle(s) for inspiratory breathing.

diaphragm

The hip joint is an example of a(n) ______.

diarthrosis

All synovial joints are ______.

diarthrotic

The first thing that occurs when the axon terminal releases ACh is ________.

diffusion across the synaptic cleft

Flexor hallucis longus acts on ____.

digit 1 of the foot

Muscles of the shoulder can be divided into three separate groups based on _____________ relationships.

distribution and functional

Tibialis anterior ____.

dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle and flexes the interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

The latissimus dorsi ____ the arm at the shoulder.

extends

The extensor carpi radialis brevis ________.

extends and abducts the wrist and is short

Spinalis thoracis is a major ____of the vertebral column in the thoracic area.

extensor

The prime mover of wrist extension is _____________.

extensor digitorum

The tendons of the ____________ can be easily seen on the back of the hand when the fingers are extended.

extensor digitorum

The anterior compartment contains the _____________

extensor digitorum longus muscle and the extensor hallucis longus muscle

Gluteus maximus is a powerful ____.

extensor of the thigh at the hip

Extensor carpi ulnaris arises from the common ____.

extensor tendon of the humerus

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids. True or False

false

Cruciate ligaments are important ligaments that stabilize all ball-and-socket joints. True or False

false

Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes. True or False

false

Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility. True or False

false

Which of the following is a factor that affects the velocity and duration of musclecontraction?

load on the fiber

The ______ the ligament fibers of a syndesmoses, the ______ the degree of movement.

longer; greater

Isometric contractions come into play when an individual is ________.

maintaining an upright posture

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. which of the ligaments is/are damage as a result?

medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis are parts of a large muscle mass of the ________.

medial compartment of the thigh

As an axon enters a muscle, it branches into a number of axon terminals, each of which makes contact with a single muscle fiber. The portion of the sarcolemma in contact with the axon terminals is called the ________.

motor end plate

What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors?

motor end plate

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions?

motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments

Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?

motor units with larger, less excitable neurons

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.

multiaxial

The greatest degree of motion that synovial joints display is described as ______.

multiaxial movement

What controls the force of muscle contraction?

multimotor unit summation

Smooth muscles that act like skeletal muscles but are controlled by autonomic nerves and hormones are

multiunit muscles

Of the following muscle types, which has only one nucleus, no sarcomeres, and rare gap junctions?

multiunit smooth muscle

The force exerted by a contracting muscle is _______.

muscle tension

In a pennate muscle pattern ________.

muscles look like a feather

The contractile units of skeletal muscle are

myofibriles

Rigor mortis occurs because____________.

no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules

Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments no longer overlapped, ________.

no muscle tension could be generated

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to keeping the articular surfaces of diarthroses in contact?

number of bones in the joint

Synarthrotic joints ________.

permit essentially no movement

The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ________ joint.

plane

Soleus ____.

plantar flexes foot

The most powerful movement of the ankle is _____________.

plantar flexion

The smallest of the posterior or flexor muscles of the thigh is the _____________. (Bad question, and incorrect answer, slide 263)

popliteus (This is incorrect. Popliteus does not flex the thigh, p 373)

Levers that operate at a mechanical advantage are called ______ levers.

power

The cruciate ligament of the knee

prevent hyperextension of the knee

Movement of the forearm is summarized as _____________.

pronation and supination

The prime mover of pronation is the ______.

pronator quadratus

Muscles of the forearm that function in pronation and supination are the _____________.

pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and supinator

The most powerful muscle in the body is

quadriceps femoris

The interosseous membrane is located between the _____________.

radius and ulna

Skeletal muscle contractions increase in strength due to ______.

recruitment of motor units

Which of the following muscles fixes an represses the ribs and stabilized the pelvis during walking

rectus abdominus

When a muscle is unable to respond to stimuli temporarily, it is in which of the following periods?

refractory period

The major function of the sacrcoplasmic reticulum in the muscle contraction is to ______.

regulate intracellular calcium concentrations

At the neuromuscular junction, calcium ions act to ________.

release synaptic vesicles from the axon terminal

Serratus anterior arises from ____.

ribs 1 through 8

Acting unilaterally, the internal oblique muscle laterally flexes and ____ the vertebral column.

rotates

The rotator cuff muscles provide what type of movement?

rotational

The muscle cell membrane is called the ________.

sarcolemma

When a muscle cell is at rest, most of the intracellular calcium is found stored in the _________.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

The four heads of the quadriceps femoris muscle include all of the following except the _____________. vastus medialisvastus lateralisvastus intermediusrectus femorissartorius

sartorius

The longest muscle in the body is the _____________.

sartorius

Rhomboid major acts on the ____.

scapula

Injured cardiac muscle is repaired mostlyas _________.

scar tissue

Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________.

secretion

The ______ muscles are antagonistic to each other when moving the scapula forward and backward.

serratus anterior and trapezius

Lateral rotation of the scapula results from the contraction of _____________ and _____________ muscles.

serratus anterior, trapezius

Medial rotation results from the combined actions of ___________ muscles.

seven

To allow movement of the tendons within the carpal tunnel zone, each tendon is enclosed in a _____________.

sheath

An injury common to baseball players is a torn rotator cuff. This collection of muscles and tendons is associated with the________ joint.

shoulder

The most flexible joint in the body is the_____________.

shoulder

Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate

smooth

During depolarization, the sarcolemma is most permeable to ______.

sodium ions

The most common joint injuries include ________.

sprains and dislocations

The main action of tensor fasciae latae is to ____.

stabilize the hip and knee joints

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis.

sternocleidomastoid

Myoglobin __________.

stores oxygen in muscle cells

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by ________.

storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP

In contrast to the upper limb, muscles of the lower limb are adapted more for _____________.

strength then precision

What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?

the ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy

What produces the striations of a skeletal muscle cell?

the arrangement of myofilaments

What does oxygen deficit represent?

the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used

What is the major factor controlling how levers work?

the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

What is the major factor controlling the manner in which levers work?

the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

With regard to muscle fiber arrangement in a pennate muscle

the fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle

To produce horizontal wrinkles in the forehead, which of the following muscles is involved?

the frontal belly of the epicranius

The muscles that move the fingers and wrist located in the forearm allow _____________.

the hand to maintain fine motor control and strength without the interference of the bulky muscles

The angle of the subscapularis muscle prevents _____________.

the hemural head from sliding upwards out of the joint as the arm is raised

Multiaxial joints of the body include ________.

the hip and shoulder

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscleʹs name, you can assume that ________.

the muscle has two, three, or four origins respectively

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

the patellar ligament

Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck?

the scalenes

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?

the total number of muscle cells available for contraction

What primarily determines the power of a muscle?

the total number of muscle cells available for contraction

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?

the type of muscle fibers

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants?

the vastus lateralis

Smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following except ________.

there are more thick filaments than thin filaments

Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body?

there are over 600 muscles in the body

Which of the following are composed of myosin?

thick filaments

During a muscle contraction, muscle fibers shorten when ________.

thin myofilaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere by the pivoting of the myosin heads

Most of the skeletal muscles in our bodies are part of ______ lever systems.

third-class

Levers that operate with great speed, and are always at a mechanical disadvantage, are the ______.

third-class levers

How many distinct sets of fibers compose the deltoid muscle?

three

The deep posterior extensors of the wrist and fingers are specific for the _____________.

thumb and index finger

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapular above the spine, what is the action?

to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and assist in abduction.

In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the ________.

triceps brachii acts as antagonist

Calcium ions in the sarcoplasm will bind to ________.

troponin

A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint. True or False

true

A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint. True or False

true

Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion. True or False

true

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion. True or False

true

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint. True or False

true

Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood. True of false.

true

Dorsiflexion is most important during _____________.

walking

Extensor carpi radialis brevis extends the ____.

wrist


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

Chapter 6 - (Software Engineering - Global Edition - 2019 10th Sommerville)

View Set

Law for Business 2301 Chapter 6,7, 8,10, 11, and 13

View Set

CNT150:Chanpter 8: IPv6 GUA Assignment

View Set