A&P I- chapter 7- The Integumentary System
Nails
- made of keratin -scale like modification of the epidermis
Epidermis
-Outer layer of skin -keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
eccrine glands
-all over -produce sweat, acidic to kill bacteria, reaches skin via sweat pores -heat regulating
reticular layer
-deepest layer of the skin -contains blood vessels, sweat & oil glands, and contains deep pressure receptors (Pacinian Corpuscles) -abundant blood supply--. maintains body temp and homeostasis
apocrine glands
-in axillary and genital areas -ducts empty into hair follicles -musky smell
Papillary Region
-thin layer of areolar connective tissue -includes dermal papillae -includes dermal ridges
Stratum spinosum
8-10 cells thick. cells appear to be covered with spiny projections
melanin
A pigment that gives the skin its color
3rd degree burn
All three layers have been effected
Infections and allergies in the skin
Athletes foot (itchy red peeling of the skin btw toes from fungus Boils and carbuncles (inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands at back of neck --> bacterial infection Cold Sores (blisters, itch and sting arounf lips, activated by emotional upset, fever, UV radiation
arrector pili muscle
Causes hair to stand on end and goose bumps to appear
Stratum lucidum
Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum.
layers of epidermis
Come lets get Sun Burned Dude -corneum -lucidum -granulosum -spinosum -basale -dermis
Thin Skin
Covers most of the body Has four layers of keratinocytes thinner stratum corneum
Thick Skin
Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Has five layers of keratinocytes
The Dermis
Inner layer of skin
malignant melanoma
Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.
1st degree burn
Only the epidermis (red, painful, and edema)
hair bulb
The rounded, club-shaped part of hair located at the end of the hair root
aging
as the amount of subcutaneous tissue decreases it leads to cold intolerance, dry skin, easy bruising due to thinner skin, under eye bags due to decreasing elasticity, saggy cheeks, etc.
ABCD rule
asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter way to check moles for signs of melanoma
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin;seen during heart failure or breathing disorders
hair medulla
central core of hair, surrounded by the cortex, which is enclosed by the cuticle
vernix caseosa
cheesy substance covering the skin of the fetus
other name for skin?
cutaneous membrane
statum granulosum
dying cells on their way to the skins surface to replace cells that are shed from the statrum corneum
nail root
embedded in the skin
Major divisions of the skin
epidermis - the superficial division; dermis the deep division; hypodermis deep to the dermis (not part of the integumentary system).
2nd degree burn
epidermis and part of dermis (blistered)
Lanugo
fine downy hair of newborn infant
Dermal papillae
finger-like projections of the papillary region that extend into the epidermis
hair
flexible epithelial structure produced by the hair follicle
grey hair
genetic trigger, stops producing melanin in the hair
hair matrix
growth zone in stratum basale
alopecia
hair loss
The Integumentary system
hair, skin, nails, sweat & sebaceous glands, and associated muscle/nervous tissue
Accessory structures of the Skin
hairs, hair follicles, nails, seat glands, sebaceous glands. celuminus glands, and mammary glands
langerhans
immune response cells
Epidermal Ridges
increase surface area, friction, and grip
Types of cells found in the epidermis
keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, langerhans cells
nail folds
lateral
basal cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis -least malignant
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium
Stratum corneum
outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells
the dermis Regions
papillary and reticular
hair root
part enclosed by the follicle
hemoglobin
pigment in red blood cells
Keratinocytes
produce keratin
Melanocytes
produce melanin
functions of integumentary system
protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin d production, excretion
Cuticle
proximal
sweat glands
respond to high temperature and hormones
nail matrix proximal
responsible for growth
Sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
milia
small raised white spots on nose, chin, and forehead
stratum basale
the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new cells
nail free edge
the portion of the nail that grows out away from the body
Hair follicles
the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers
Why is the skin considered an organ?
the skin is made up of multiple layers of tissues made up of cells,and they perform a group of functions
hypodermis
the subcutaneous tissue made up of mostly adipose tissue
Burns
tissue damage and cell death cased by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation, chemicals etc can lead to kidney shutdown or circulatory shock
meissner's Corpscles
touch receptors (type of nerve ending)
Merkel cells
touch receptors in the skin
nail bed
under nail
rule of nines
used to figure out how much fluid needs to be replaced based on how much was burned
nail body
visible attached part of nail
hair shaft
visible part of the hair
lunula
white crescent
Homeostatic imbalances
whiteheads, blackheads, acne, seborrhea
Cutaneous Glands
xocrine glands that release secretions onto the skin
Carotene
yellow-orange pigment