A&P I- chapter 7- The Integumentary System

Nails

- made of keratin -scale like modification of the epidermis

Epidermis

-Outer layer of skin -keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

eccrine glands

-all over -produce sweat, acidic to kill bacteria, reaches skin via sweat pores -heat regulating

reticular layer

-deepest layer of the skin -contains blood vessels, sweat & oil glands, and contains deep pressure receptors (Pacinian Corpuscles) -abundant blood supply--. maintains body temp and homeostasis

apocrine glands

-in axillary and genital areas -ducts empty into hair follicles -musky smell

Papillary Region

-thin layer of areolar connective tissue -includes dermal papillae -includes dermal ridges

Stratum spinosum

8-10 cells thick. cells appear to be covered with spiny projections

melanin

A pigment that gives the skin its color

3rd degree burn

All three layers have been effected

Infections and allergies in the skin

Athletes foot (itchy red peeling of the skin btw toes from fungus Boils and carbuncles (inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands at back of neck --> bacterial infection Cold Sores (blisters, itch and sting arounf lips, activated by emotional upset, fever, UV radiation

arrector pili muscle

Causes hair to stand on end and goose bumps to appear

Stratum lucidum

Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum.

layers of epidermis

Come lets get Sun Burned Dude -corneum -lucidum -granulosum -spinosum -basale -dermis

Thin Skin

Covers most of the body Has four layers of keratinocytes thinner stratum corneum

Thick Skin

Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Has five layers of keratinocytes

The Dermis

Inner layer of skin

malignant melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.

1st degree burn

Only the epidermis (red, painful, and edema)

hair bulb

The rounded, club-shaped part of hair located at the end of the hair root

aging

as the amount of subcutaneous tissue decreases it leads to cold intolerance, dry skin, easy bruising due to thinner skin, under eye bags due to decreasing elasticity, saggy cheeks, etc.

ABCD rule

asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter way to check moles for signs of melanoma

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin;seen during heart failure or breathing disorders

hair medulla

central core of hair, surrounded by the cortex, which is enclosed by the cuticle

vernix caseosa

cheesy substance covering the skin of the fetus

other name for skin?

cutaneous membrane

statum granulosum

dying cells on their way to the skins surface to replace cells that are shed from the statrum corneum

nail root

embedded in the skin

Major divisions of the skin

epidermis - the superficial division; dermis the deep division; hypodermis deep to the dermis (not part of the integumentary system).

2nd degree burn

epidermis and part of dermis (blistered)

Lanugo

fine downy hair of newborn infant

Dermal papillae

finger-like projections of the papillary region that extend into the epidermis

hair

flexible epithelial structure produced by the hair follicle

grey hair

genetic trigger, stops producing melanin in the hair

hair matrix

growth zone in stratum basale

alopecia

hair loss

The Integumentary system

hair, skin, nails, sweat & sebaceous glands, and associated muscle/nervous tissue

Accessory structures of the Skin

hairs, hair follicles, nails, seat glands, sebaceous glands. celuminus glands, and mammary glands

langerhans

immune response cells

Epidermal Ridges

increase surface area, friction, and grip

Types of cells found in the epidermis

keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, langerhans cells

nail folds

lateral

basal cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis -least malignant

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium

Stratum corneum

outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells

the dermis Regions

papillary and reticular

hair root

part enclosed by the follicle

hemoglobin

pigment in red blood cells

Keratinocytes

produce keratin

Melanocytes

produce melanin

functions of integumentary system

protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin d production, excretion

Cuticle

proximal

sweat glands

respond to high temperature and hormones

nail matrix proximal

responsible for growth

Sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

milia

small raised white spots on nose, chin, and forehead

stratum basale

the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new cells

nail free edge

the portion of the nail that grows out away from the body

Hair follicles

the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers

Why is the skin considered an organ?

the skin is made up of multiple layers of tissues made up of cells,and they perform a group of functions

hypodermis

the subcutaneous tissue made up of mostly adipose tissue

Burns

tissue damage and cell death cased by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation, chemicals etc can lead to kidney shutdown or circulatory shock

meissner's Corpscles

touch receptors (type of nerve ending)

Merkel cells

touch receptors in the skin

nail bed

under nail

rule of nines

used to figure out how much fluid needs to be replaced based on how much was burned

nail body

visible attached part of nail

hair shaft

visible part of the hair

lunula

white crescent

Homeostatic imbalances

whiteheads, blackheads, acne, seborrhea

Cutaneous Glands

xocrine glands that release secretions onto the skin

Carotene

yellow-orange pigment