A&P II: Chapter 21 - Lymphatic System

Which fluid does lymph most closely resemble?

Interstitial fluid

Which of the lymphatic trunks drain into the cisterna chyli?

Intestinal trunks and lumbar trunks

Of the lymphatic trunks, which ones drain lymph from deep thoracic structures?

Bronchomediastinal trunks

Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?

Cervical lymph nodes

TOF The thymus gland begins to atrophy immediately after birth.

False

TOF The walls of the smallest lymphatic vessels contain muscle tissue that rhythmically propels lymph through the system.

False

TOF The spleen is considered a primary lymphatic structure.

False

Which is not a function of the spleen?

Filters lymph

In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?

Left upper quadrant

Which is not drained by the right lymphatic duct?

Right side of abdomen

Which lymphatic organ contains red pulp and white pulp?

Spleen

When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?

The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

Where do T-lymphocytes mature?

Thymus gland

TOF Like veins, lymphatic vessels rely on skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps to help propel fluid through them.

True

TOF Lymph contains protein.

True

TOF One of the functions of the lymphatic system is to transport fat.

True

TOF One of the functions of the spleen is phagocytosis of bacteria in the blood.

True

TOF The appendix contains lymphatic nodules.

True

TOF The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules.

True

TOF The germinal center of a lymphatic nodule contains proliferating B-lymphocytes and macrophages.

True

TOF The ossa coxae contain red marrow.

True

TOF Tonsils are secondary lymphatic structures.

True

Structures that connect lymphatic capillary cells to surrounding tissue and prevent the capillaries from collapsing are called _________ filaments.

anchoring

The thymus is at its maximum size...

at puberty.

Tonsils have multiple invaginated outer edges called _______ that help trap material.

crypts

Which is not correct regarding the white pulp of the spleen?

It serves as a blood reservoir.

Lymph from the head and neck is drained by the _________ trunks.

Jugular

Obstruction of the flow of lymph in lymphatic vessels can lead to an accumulation of interstitial fluid in the tissues. This condition is characterized by pain and swelling, and is called ________________.

lymphedema

The term "swollen glands" is usually meant to refer to lymph nodes in which...

lymphocytes are proliferating in germinal centers.

A lymph nodule contains a germinal center surrounded by a region containing T-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages; this outer region is known as a ________ zone.

mantle

Migration of cancerous cells through the lymphatic system to other regions of the body is called ______________.

metastasis

Typically, a hilum of a lymph node contains...

one efferent lymphatic vessel.

Lymphatic capillaries...

originate as closed-ended tubes associated with blood capillary networks.

The thoracic duct collects lymph from all of the following except the...

right arm.

Although they are not a site of lymphocyte formation, _________ lymphatic structures provide sites where immune responses are initiated.

secondary

Regions of MALT called Peyer patches are found in the...

small intestine.

Old or defective erythrocytes and platelets are engulfed within the lymph organ known as the ________.

spleen

The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct empty lymph into the...

subclavian veins.

The letter "T" within "T-lymphocytes" stands for the _________.

thymus

Subclavian trunks drain lymph from the...

upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.

B-lymphocytes are...

white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow.

The lymphatic system's two main functions are to assist in...

immunity and fluid balance.

The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are...

ingested or inhaled.

Fluid collected in lacteals will be carried in __________ trunks.

intestinal

A lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestine is called a(n)...

lacteal.

With respect to the lymphatic system, what do the letters in the acronym MALT stand for?

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Which is not correct regarding lymph nodes?

No exceptions; all are true of lymph nodes.

Which area does not contain MALT?

No exceptions; all choices contain MALT