A&P Joints
The radial collateral ligament is associated with the
elbow joint.
Cartilagenous joints are connected by
hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
The largest and most complex synovial joint is the
knee joint.
Which of the following is an infection?
Lyme disease
When you reach up to scratch your nose, you have to _______ your elbow.
flex
Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called
menisci.
A sprain involves
overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint.
Displacement of a joint is called
dislocation.
The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated by ______ ______ that act as shock absorbers
intervertebral discs
A joint with articulating surfaces that are nearly flat is a ______ ______.
plane joint
Thrusting the head forward to contact an incoming soccer ball is an example of _________.
protraction
Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from
surrounding synovial fluid.
Kicking a soccer ball is flexion of the leg at the knee joint as the foot draws back and then extension as it contacts the ball.
true
The fibrous joints between the flat bones of the skull are sutures.
true
Activity and exercise
keep joints functional longer.
Label the parts of a gomphosis.
left- alveolar process of mandible, periodontal ligament right- crown of tooth, root of tooth
Joint capsules may be reinforced by bundles of strong, tough collagenous fibers called ______.
ligaments
A condylar joint allows only up-and-down motion in one plane.
False
Straightening the leg at the knee is a type of movement called ______.
extension
In which of the following is rotational movement possible?
Ball-and-socket joint
The glenoid cavity of the shoulder is a shallow structure. The margin of the glenoid cavity has a fibrocartilage rim called the glenoid ______ which serves to deepen the cavity, helping to stabilize the shoulder.
labrum
Joints in which the bone ends are bound together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as
cartilaginous joints
A _____ joint is found between a metacarpal and its adjacent phalanx.
condylar
The ______ ______ in the knee joint help prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces.
cruciate ligaments
Joints of the body, also called ___________, serve several functions. Most obviously, they serve to bind bones together. Joints, such as those between the shaft and the heads of long bones of pre-adolescents, serve as a site for growth (elongation) of ___________. Some joints, such as those between the bones of the ________, allow change in shape of a part of the body during childbirth. Finally, the presence of joints allows the skeleton to respond to ___________contraction by producing movement.
articulations bone skull muscle
Greg trips over a toy and experiences a sharp pain. His physician diagnoses a torn meniscus. Greg has injured his
knee joint.
Arthritis is a circulatory problem.
False
Doing jumping jacks requires that you alternate ______ and _______ your lower extremities.
abducting; adducting
Which of the following movements could occur at the hip joint?
Abduction and adduction Rotation Flexion and extension All of the above All
Osteoarthritis is caused by a bacterial infection.
False
Bony Joints Synovial Joints Cartilaginous Fibrous
Synostosis Ossified epiphyseal plate Joint capsule freely movable joint fluid within cavity hyaline cartilage covering bone ends synchondrosis invertertebral discs fibrocartilage symphysis hylaline cartilage attaching bone ends Suture syndesmosis gomphosis periodontal ligament interosseous ligament
A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both convex and concave regions.
True
Name the highlighted structure shown in this anterior view of the knee from APR.
anterior cruciate ligament front of x shape
Name the ligament that holds the head of the radius in place within the elbow joint.
anular ligament
In ________, joints are inflamed, swollen, and painful.
arthritis
A(n) _________ is an instrument used to view the meniscus.
arthroscope
Straightening the elbow from a bent position is an example of ____________ . Lifting the mandible to close the mouth is an example of ____________ . Turning the ankle so that the sole of the foot points medially is called ____________ . Pivoting of the radius against the ulna turns the palm forward and/or upward. This movement is called ____________ . When doing jumping jacks, the feet are spread apart by ____________ .
extension, elevation, inversion, supination, abduction
A synovial membrane
secretes synovial fluid.
The coracohumeral ligament is associated with the
shoulder joint.
Artificial joints are built of
silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints.
A __________ joins the fibula and tibia.
syndesmosis
A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a
syndesmosis.
A shiny, vascular lining of loose connective tissue that forms the inner layer of the joint capsule is the _______ membrane.
synovial
The presence of a joint capsule is associated with what type of joint?
synovial
The elbow joint includes a hinge joint.
True
Movements permitted by the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna are
flexion and extension.
Label the special movements.
foot in- inversion, foot out - eversion face forward- protraction backward- retraction shoulder up - elevation shoulder down - depression
Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint?
symphysis
A synchondrosis
allows bone growth.
1. A fibrous joint between bones of the skull is called a ___________ 2. The joint occurring between the distal end of the tibia and fibula, held together by a band of collagen, is called a ___________________ 3. The joint that anchors a tooth in its socket involves the fibrous periodontal ligament. This joint is a _______________
suture syndesmosis gomphosis
Limited movement occurs when forces compress the cartilaginous pad between bones at a _______________ .
symphysis
The symphysis pubis is a fibrous joint.
False
What type of synovial joint involves one bone end with a globular head that fits into a cup-shaped cavity on the other bone end?
Ball-and-socket (spheroidal) joint
Inflammation of fluid-filled sacs associated with a joint Torn or overstretched ligaments Intermittent disorder caused by bacterial infection Inflammation of a joint due to autoimmune condition Degenerative disorder of joints
Bursitis Sprain Lyme arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Osterarthritis
What type of synovial joint involves a raised ovoid surface on one bone fitting into an ovoid depression on the other bone?
Condylar (ellipsoidal) joint
Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments Anular ligament Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments Transverse humeral ligament
Elbow joint, Knee joint, Elbow joint, Hip joint, Knee joint, Shoulder joint
Rotation of the forearms so the palms face upward is called pronation.
False
_________ is the bending of a joint. Turning the ankle so that the sole of the foot points laterally is called __________ Pivoting of the radius against the ulna turns the palm down and back is called __________ The ankle is able to ___________ when pulling the foot and toes up toward the shin. The head _________ when shaking the head to say "no".
Flexion eversion. pronation. dorsiflex rotates
What type of synovial joint involves a convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave surface of another?
Hinge joint
Trochoid joint Spheroidal joint Gliding joint Ellipsoidal joint Sellar joint
Pivot, ball and socket, plane, condylar, saddle
What type of synovial joint involves two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces?
Plane joint
Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging.
A meniscus cushions articulating surfaces of bones.
True
Closed, fluid-filled sacs that function as cushions are called bursae.
True
Moving a part away from the midline is abduction.
True
Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces in a joint.
True
The basic structure of the knee joint permits flexion and extension.
True
The type of synovial joint in which only rotation may occur is a pivot joint.
True
The joint stiffness that occurs with aging is typically due to changes in ______ within the joint.
collagen
The outer covering of a joint capsule is comprised of and the inner lining is comprised of
dense connective tissue loose connective tissue
Some joints involve bone ends that are held together by collagen fibers. These joints are classified as _________ joints. These joints can be tightly connected, allowing no movement (a(n)_________ joint) or they may be more loosely connected (a(n) ____________ joint). Other joints consist of bone ends held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. These are classified as___________ joints. These joints are amphiarthrotic or ___________. Joints that have bone ends held together by a joint capsule are structurally classified as __________ joints.
fibrous synarthrotic amphiarthrotic cartilaginous slightly movable synovial
When you sit in a chair with your feet on the floor, you have to _______ your hips and ______ your knees.
flex; flex
George is lifting weights. He starts by doing biceps curls which involves __________ his elbows. His elbow is able to bend because the humero-ulnar joint is a __________________ Sam is doing leg presses, ____________ his knees as he pushes against the weights. The knee joint is primarily a _____________________ joint, though it can act as a condylar joint when flexed. Meanwhile, Jane is doing "lat pulls" by pulling downward on a weighted bar. This movement involves________________ of her arms. Her shoulder joint is a__________________ joint, allowing a wide range of movements.
flexing hinge joint. extending modified hinge adduction ball-and-socket
A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a _____ .
gomphosis
Fibrocartilage discs within joint Fluid-filled sacs Lining of joint cavity; secretes fluid Protective layer the covers bone ends
menisci, bursae, synovial membrane, articular cartilage
Movement that brings the foot farther from the shin is a(n)
plantar flexion.