A&P Joints

The radial collateral ligament is associated with the

elbow joint.

Cartilagenous joints are connected by

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

The largest and most complex synovial joint is the

knee joint.

Which of the following is an infection?

Lyme disease

When you reach up to scratch your nose, you have to _______ your elbow.

flex

Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called

menisci.

A sprain involves

overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint.

Displacement of a joint is called

dislocation.

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated by ______ ______ that act as shock absorbers

intervertebral discs

A joint with articulating surfaces that are nearly flat is a ______ ______.

plane joint

Thrusting the head forward to contact an incoming soccer ball is an example of _________.

protraction

Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from

surrounding synovial fluid.

Kicking a soccer ball is flexion of the leg at the knee joint as the foot draws back and then extension as it contacts the ball.

true

The fibrous joints between the flat bones of the skull are sutures.

true

Activity and exercise

keep joints functional longer.

Label the parts of a gomphosis.

left- alveolar process of mandible, periodontal ligament right- crown of tooth, root of tooth

Joint capsules may be reinforced by bundles of strong, tough collagenous fibers called ______.

ligaments

A condylar joint allows only up-and-down motion in one plane.

False

Straightening the leg at the knee is a type of movement called ______.

extension

In which of the following is rotational movement possible?

Ball-and-socket joint

The glenoid cavity of the shoulder is a shallow structure. The margin of the glenoid cavity has a fibrocartilage rim called the glenoid ______ which serves to deepen the cavity, helping to stabilize the shoulder.

labrum

Joints in which the bone ends are bound together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as

cartilaginous joints

A _____ joint is found between a metacarpal and its adjacent phalanx.

condylar

The ______ ______ in the knee joint help prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces.

cruciate ligaments

Joints of the body, also called ___________, serve several functions. Most obviously, they serve to bind bones together. Joints, such as those between the shaft and the heads of long bones of pre-adolescents, serve as a site for growth (elongation) of ___________. Some joints, such as those between the bones of the ________, allow change in shape of a part of the body during childbirth. Finally, the presence of joints allows the skeleton to respond to ___________contraction by producing movement.

articulations bone skull muscle

Greg trips over a toy and experiences a sharp pain. His physician diagnoses a torn meniscus. Greg has injured his

knee joint.

Arthritis is a circulatory problem.

False

Doing jumping jacks requires that you alternate ______ and _______ your lower extremities.

abducting; adducting

Which of the following movements could occur at the hip joint?

Abduction and adduction Rotation Flexion and extension All of the above All

Osteoarthritis is caused by a bacterial infection.

False

Bony Joints Synovial Joints Cartilaginous Fibrous

Synostosis Ossified epiphyseal plate Joint capsule freely movable joint fluid within cavity hyaline cartilage covering bone ends synchondrosis invertertebral discs fibrocartilage symphysis hylaline cartilage attaching bone ends Suture syndesmosis gomphosis periodontal ligament interosseous ligament

A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both convex and concave regions.

True

Name the highlighted structure shown in this anterior view of the knee from APR.

anterior cruciate ligament front of x shape

Name the ligament that holds the head of the radius in place within the elbow joint.

anular ligament

In ________, joints are inflamed, swollen, and painful.

arthritis

A(n) _________ is an instrument used to view the meniscus.

arthroscope

Straightening the elbow from a bent position is an example of ____________ . Lifting the mandible to close the mouth is an example of ____________ . Turning the ankle so that the sole of the foot points medially is called ____________ . Pivoting of the radius against the ulna turns the palm forward and/or upward. This movement is called ____________ . When doing jumping jacks, the feet are spread apart by ____________ .

extension, elevation, inversion, supination, abduction

A synovial membrane

secretes synovial fluid.

The coracohumeral ligament is associated with the

shoulder joint.

Artificial joints are built of

silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints.

A __________ joins the fibula and tibia.

syndesmosis

A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a

syndesmosis.

A shiny, vascular lining of loose connective tissue that forms the inner layer of the joint capsule is the _______ membrane.

synovial

The presence of a joint capsule is associated with what type of joint?

synovial

The elbow joint includes a hinge joint.

True

Movements permitted by the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna are

flexion and extension.

Label the special movements.

foot in- inversion, foot out - eversion face forward- protraction backward- retraction shoulder up - elevation shoulder down - depression

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint?

symphysis

A synchondrosis

allows bone growth.

1. A fibrous joint between bones of the skull is called a ___________ 2. The joint occurring between the distal end of the tibia and fibula, held together by a band of collagen, is called a ___________________ 3. The joint that anchors a tooth in its socket involves the fibrous periodontal ligament. This joint is a _______________

suture syndesmosis gomphosis

Limited movement occurs when forces compress the cartilaginous pad between bones at a _______________ .

symphysis

The symphysis pubis is a fibrous joint.

False

What type of synovial joint involves one bone end with a globular head that fits into a cup-shaped cavity on the other bone end?

Ball-and-socket (spheroidal) joint

Inflammation of fluid-filled sacs associated with a joint Torn or overstretched ligaments Intermittent disorder caused by bacterial infection Inflammation of a joint due to autoimmune condition Degenerative disorder of joints

Bursitis Sprain Lyme arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Osterarthritis

What type of synovial joint involves a raised ovoid surface on one bone fitting into an ovoid depression on the other bone?

Condylar (ellipsoidal) joint

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments Anular ligament Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments Transverse humeral ligament

Elbow joint, Knee joint, Elbow joint, Hip joint, Knee joint, Shoulder joint

Rotation of the forearms so the palms face upward is called pronation.

False

_________ is the bending of a joint. Turning the ankle so that the sole of the foot points laterally is called __________ Pivoting of the radius against the ulna turns the palm down and back is called __________ The ankle is able to ___________ when pulling the foot and toes up toward the shin. The head _________ when shaking the head to say "no".

Flexion eversion. pronation. dorsiflex rotates

What type of synovial joint involves a convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave surface of another?

Hinge joint

Trochoid joint Spheroidal joint Gliding joint Ellipsoidal joint Sellar joint

Pivot, ball and socket, plane, condylar, saddle

What type of synovial joint involves two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces?

Plane joint

Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging.

A meniscus cushions articulating surfaces of bones.

True

Closed, fluid-filled sacs that function as cushions are called bursae.

True

Moving a part away from the midline is abduction.

True

Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces in a joint.

True

The basic structure of the knee joint permits flexion and extension.

True

The type of synovial joint in which only rotation may occur is a pivot joint.

True

The joint stiffness that occurs with aging is typically due to changes in ______ within the joint.

collagen

The outer covering of a joint capsule is comprised of and the inner lining is comprised of

dense connective tissue loose connective tissue

Some joints involve bone ends that are held together by collagen fibers. These joints are classified as _________ joints. These joints can be tightly connected, allowing no movement (a(n)_________ joint) or they may be more loosely connected (a(n) ____________ joint). Other joints consist of bone ends held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. These are classified as___________ joints. These joints are amphiarthrotic or ___________. Joints that have bone ends held together by a joint capsule are structurally classified as __________ joints.

fibrous synarthrotic amphiarthrotic cartilaginous slightly movable synovial

When you sit in a chair with your feet on the floor, you have to _______ your hips and ______ your knees.

flex; flex

George is lifting weights. He starts by doing biceps curls which involves __________ his elbows. His elbow is able to bend because the humero-ulnar joint is a __________________ Sam is doing leg presses, ____________ his knees as he pushes against the weights. The knee joint is primarily a _____________________ joint, though it can act as a condylar joint when flexed. Meanwhile, Jane is doing "lat pulls" by pulling downward on a weighted bar. This movement involves________________ of her arms. Her shoulder joint is a__________________ joint, allowing a wide range of movements.

flexing hinge joint. extending modified hinge adduction ball-and-socket

A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a _____ .

gomphosis

Fibrocartilage discs within joint Fluid-filled sacs Lining of joint cavity; secretes fluid Protective layer the covers bone ends

menisci, bursae, synovial membrane, articular cartilage

Movement that brings the foot farther from the shin is a(n)

plantar flexion.