A&P: Lab 2 "Introduction to the Human Body"

ventral body cavity

aka coelom entire space of the body trunk anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum and the abdominal muscle wall divided into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

axillary

armpit

inferior

below

Nicole has a respiratory infection that caused her right pleura to dry out. Describe the symptoms that could be related to this condition.

breathing is painful shortness of breath dry cough

peritoneal cavity

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers

cranial cavity

space within the oval cranium of the skull encases and protects the brain

cytology

study of cells

physiology

study of how the body functions and of the work that cells must do to keep the body stable and operating efficiently

histology

study of tissues

trunk

main part of the body attaches the neck, upper limbs, and lower limbs

mediastinum

mass of organs and tissues separating the pleural cavities inside is the pericardial cavity

thoracic cavity

mediastinum and 2 pleural cavities

what structures form the walls of the cranial and spinal cavities

meninges

levels of organization

molecular level cellular level tissue level organ level organ system level organism level

abdominal cavity

most digestive organs liver gallbladder stomach pancreas kidneys small intestine

why is having a precisely defined anatomical position important in anatomical studies?

to prevent misunderstandings

superior

above

meninges

a protective 3-layer membrane

thoracic

chest

medial

closer to the body's midline permanently between others

describe the cavities that protect the brain and spinal cord

cranial and spinal; continuous with each other

plane of section

determines the shape and appearance of the exposed internal region

distal

distant from other structures

sagittal vertical section

divides a body or organ into right and left portions

serous membrane

double layered isolates one organ and reduces friction and abrasion on the organ surface visceral- directly attached to the exposed surface of an organ parietal- superficial to the visceral layer and lines the wall of the body cavity serous fluid- lubricant that reduces friction and abrasion between the layers as the enclosed organ moves

antecubital

elbow

pelvic cavity

enclosed by the pelvic girdle of the hips contains the internal reproductive organs part of the large intestine the rectum the urinary bladder

long-term coordination of body functions is regulated by which organ system?

endocrine system

midsagittal vertical section

equally divides structures

lateral

farther from the body's midline permanently to the side of

antebrachial

forearm

abdominopelvic regions

four planes two vertical two transverse umblical right and left lumbar epigastric left and right hypochondriac hypogastric right and let inguinal

cephalic

head

pericardial cavity

heart

posterior

in back of or toward the back

anterior

in front of or forward

peritonitis

infection of the peritoneum that occurs when the digestive tract is damaged

pericarditis

inflammation of the pericardium results from infection injury heart attack

pleuritis or pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura caused by tuberculosis, pneumonia, or thoracic abscess

why are organs in the ventral body cavity surrounded by a double-layered membrane instead of a single-layer

it isolates the organ and reduces friction and abrasion on the organ surface

retroperitoneal

kidneys located outside the peritoneum

spinal cavity

long, slender canal passes through the vertebral column

which organ system protects the body from infection?

lymphatic system

which directional term describes the relationship of muscles to the skin?

muscles are deep to the skin

proximal

near another structure

parasagittal vertical section

nearly equal division

cervical

neck

pleural cavities

one lung each

vertical

parallel to the vertical axis of the body include sagittal and frontal sections

describe the two layers of a serous membrane

parietal visceral

name the three serous membranes in the body

pericardium pleura peritoneal

transverse

perpendicular to the vertical orientation of the body aka cross sections divides superior and inferior structures

brachial

proximal part of upper limb

abdominopelvic cavity

separated by the diaphragm ( from the thoracic cavity) space between the diaphragm and the floor of the pelvis divided into abdominal and pelvic cavities

frontal vertical section

separates anterior and posterior strucutres

a lubricating substance in body cavities is the _____

serous fluid

peritoneum

serous membrane of the abdomen parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum

pericardium

serous membrane of the heart parietal pericardium visceral pericardium

pleura

serous membrane of the lungs visceral pleura parietal pleura

scapular

shoulder

which organ system stores minerals for the body

skeletal system

homeostasis

the maintenance of a relatively steady internal environment through physiological work

quadrants

upper right and left lower right and left used to describe the position of organs

carpal

wrist

anatomy

the study of body structures

name the various subdivisions of the ventral body cavity

thoracic abdominopelvic

the inner membrane layer surrounding a lung is called the _____

visceral pleura