A&P: Lab 2 "Introduction to the Human Body"
ventral body cavity
aka coelom entire space of the body trunk anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum and the abdominal muscle wall divided into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
axillary
armpit
inferior
below
Nicole has a respiratory infection that caused her right pleura to dry out. Describe the symptoms that could be related to this condition.
breathing is painful shortness of breath dry cough
peritoneal cavity
space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers
cranial cavity
space within the oval cranium of the skull encases and protects the brain
cytology
study of cells
physiology
study of how the body functions and of the work that cells must do to keep the body stable and operating efficiently
histology
study of tissues
trunk
main part of the body attaches the neck, upper limbs, and lower limbs
mediastinum
mass of organs and tissues separating the pleural cavities inside is the pericardial cavity
thoracic cavity
mediastinum and 2 pleural cavities
what structures form the walls of the cranial and spinal cavities
meninges
levels of organization
molecular level cellular level tissue level organ level organ system level organism level
abdominal cavity
most digestive organs liver gallbladder stomach pancreas kidneys small intestine
why is having a precisely defined anatomical position important in anatomical studies?
to prevent misunderstandings
superior
above
meninges
a protective 3-layer membrane
thoracic
chest
medial
closer to the body's midline permanently between others
describe the cavities that protect the brain and spinal cord
cranial and spinal; continuous with each other
plane of section
determines the shape and appearance of the exposed internal region
distal
distant from other structures
sagittal vertical section
divides a body or organ into right and left portions
serous membrane
double layered isolates one organ and reduces friction and abrasion on the organ surface visceral- directly attached to the exposed surface of an organ parietal- superficial to the visceral layer and lines the wall of the body cavity serous fluid- lubricant that reduces friction and abrasion between the layers as the enclosed organ moves
antecubital
elbow
pelvic cavity
enclosed by the pelvic girdle of the hips contains the internal reproductive organs part of the large intestine the rectum the urinary bladder
long-term coordination of body functions is regulated by which organ system?
endocrine system
midsagittal vertical section
equally divides structures
lateral
farther from the body's midline permanently to the side of
antebrachial
forearm
abdominopelvic regions
four planes two vertical two transverse umblical right and left lumbar epigastric left and right hypochondriac hypogastric right and let inguinal
cephalic
head
pericardial cavity
heart
posterior
in back of or toward the back
anterior
in front of or forward
peritonitis
infection of the peritoneum that occurs when the digestive tract is damaged
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium results from infection injury heart attack
pleuritis or pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura caused by tuberculosis, pneumonia, or thoracic abscess
why are organs in the ventral body cavity surrounded by a double-layered membrane instead of a single-layer
it isolates the organ and reduces friction and abrasion on the organ surface
retroperitoneal
kidneys located outside the peritoneum
spinal cavity
long, slender canal passes through the vertebral column
which organ system protects the body from infection?
lymphatic system
which directional term describes the relationship of muscles to the skin?
muscles are deep to the skin
proximal
near another structure
parasagittal vertical section
nearly equal division
cervical
neck
pleural cavities
one lung each
vertical
parallel to the vertical axis of the body include sagittal and frontal sections
describe the two layers of a serous membrane
parietal visceral
name the three serous membranes in the body
pericardium pleura peritoneal
transverse
perpendicular to the vertical orientation of the body aka cross sections divides superior and inferior structures
brachial
proximal part of upper limb
abdominopelvic cavity
separated by the diaphragm ( from the thoracic cavity) space between the diaphragm and the floor of the pelvis divided into abdominal and pelvic cavities
frontal vertical section
separates anterior and posterior strucutres
a lubricating substance in body cavities is the _____
serous fluid
peritoneum
serous membrane of the abdomen parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum
pericardium
serous membrane of the heart parietal pericardium visceral pericardium
pleura
serous membrane of the lungs visceral pleura parietal pleura
scapular
shoulder
which organ system stores minerals for the body
skeletal system
homeostasis
the maintenance of a relatively steady internal environment through physiological work
quadrants
upper right and left lower right and left used to describe the position of organs
carpal
wrist
anatomy
the study of body structures
name the various subdivisions of the ventral body cavity
thoracic abdominopelvic
the inner membrane layer surrounding a lung is called the _____
visceral pleura