A&P Lab Exam 1 (multiple choice)

The magnification of a specimen wiewed with a 10x eyepiece and a 40x high-power objective lens is __________. 50x 40x 10x 400x 500x

400x

Which type of connective tissue insulates the body from heat loss, protects certain organs from injury, and stores energy in the form of fat? Areolar connective tissue Reticular connective tissue Dense regular connective tissue Fibrocartilage Adipose tissue

Adipose tissue

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a type of skin (cutaneous) gland? Apocrine sweat glands Sebaceous glands Mammary glands Ceruminous glands All of these are considered to be a type of skin (cutaneous) gland.

All of these are considered to be a type of skin (cutaneous) gland.

All of the following structures are considered to be accessory structures of the skin, except hair follicles. sweat glands. nails. sebaceous glands. All of these are considered to be accessory structures of the skin.

All of these are considered to be accessory structures of the skin.

All of the following structures are considered parts of the integumentary system, except the skin. skin glands. hair. nails. All of these are parts of the integumentary system.

All of these are parts of the integumentary system.

Which of the following is NOT true of skeletal muscle? Skeletal muscle is the only type of muscle tissue that is voluntary. Skeletal muscle is the only type of muscle tissue that is multinucleated. Skeletal muscle is responsible for posture, breathing, and heat production. All skeletal muscles are attached directly to the bones of the skeleton by means of tendons. All of these are true of skeletal muscle.

All skeletal muscles are attached directly to the bones of the skeleton by means of tendons.

Which type of connective tissue is specialized for calcium storage in the body? Elastic connective tissue Blood Fibrocartilage Bone Areolar connective tissue

Bone

Which of the following types of connective tissue is avascular (contains no blood vessels)? Bone Reticular connective tissue Adipose tissue Cartilage Areolar connective tissue

Cartilage

Which of the following is NOT true of nail structure? Cell division occurs in the cuticle. The nail plate consists of the nail root, and nail body, and the free edge. The nail bed consists of cells of the stratum basale. The nail plate consists of dead cells of the stratum corneum. All of these are true of nail structure.

Cell division occurs in the cuticle.

What is/are the stimulus(-i) for contraction of the arrector pili muscles? Low blood pH Dry skin Cold temperature or fear Hot temperature Hot temperature or fear

Cold temperature or fear

Which of the following parts of the microscope concentrates the light onto the microscopic slide? Iris diaphragm lever Substage illuminator Fine adjustment knob Condenser Objective lens

Condenser

Which of the following body cavities contain(s) cerebrospinal fluid? Thoracic cavity Cranial cavity and vertebral canal Pelvic cavity Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Anterior body cavity

Cranial cavity and vertebral canal

Which of the following structures separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? Diaphragm Stomach Spleen Liver Pleura

Diaphragm

A compound microscope is one that has two ocular lenses. True False

False

A person in anatomical position is standing up straight, facing forward, with arms at the sides, and palms facing backward. True False

False

All of the organelles in the cell are membrane-bound. True False

False

Both neurons and neuroglia are able to generate and conduct nerve impulses. True False

False

Cardiac muscle is found in the walls of the heart and blood vessels. True False

False

From your observations of skin slides, it can be seen that the epidermis is a much thicker layer than the dermis. True False

False

Glandular epithelium makes up glands such as sweat glands; it is always multicellular. True False

False

If a microscopic lens is not clean, after cleaning it with lens paper or a cotton swab and lens cleaner, it should be cleaned with hydrochloric acid. False True

False

Nerve cells are also called neuroglia. True False

False

Spongy bone makes up the majority of bone shafts in long bones. True False

False

The best way to observe cheek cells is under a dissecting microscope; they are too large to view under a compound light microscope. True False

False

The double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity is called the pericardium. True False

False

The greatest magnification on the compound light microscope can be achieved by using the high power objective lens. True False

False

The histological sections used to make the slides we observe in the lab are usually about 10-15 cell layers thick. True False

False

The hypodermis is considered to be a true layer of the skin. True False

False

The nucleolus is the site of DNA replication. True False

False

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a group of flattened sacs that packages glycoproteins to be transported around the cell or excreted. True False

False

The type of connective tissue fiber that stretches is reticular fibers. True False

False

When observing micrographs of muscle tissue, the most prominent striations can be seen in cardiac muscle tissue. True False

False

When viewing a specimen on a compound light microscope, the image is right-side-up but reversed. True False

False

Most tendons and ligaments consist of hyaline cartilage. True False

False Made of Collagen Fibers

Which type of cell secretes the fibers and ground substance of connective tissue? Fibroblasts Platelets Adipocytes Mast cells Leukocytes

Fibroblasts

Which part of the microscope is responsible for making small changes in focus when using the high-power objective lens? Fine adjustment knob Iris diaphragm lever Rotating nosepiece Coarse adjustment knob Substage illuminator

Fine adjustment knob

Which structure of the hair follicle supplies the capillaries that provide the growing hair with oxygen and nutrients? Hair papilla Hair root Hair shaft Hair matrix Hair bulb

Hair papilla

Which of the following is NOT true of the basement membrane? It is connected to the apical surface of epithelial tissues. The cells closest to the basement membrane are dividing cells.It is acellular. It is composed of collagen and secretions from the cells. It serves to anchor the epithelial tissues to the underlying connective tissue.

It is connected to the apical surface of epithelial tissues.

Which of the following is NOT true of blood? It helps to defend the body against disease. It is identical to lymph. It is a liquid connective tissue. It transports substances that conduct clotting. All of these are true of blood.

It is identical to lymph.

Which of the following is NOT true of the stratum corneum? It is only present in thick skin. The cells of the stratum corneum are dead. It consists of several layers of keratinized cells. It is the outermost layer of the epidermis. All of these are true of the stratum corneum.

It is only present in thick skin.

Which cell type produces heparin and histamine to promote inflammation in the connective tissues when necessary? Fibroblasts Chondroblasts Osteoblasts Mast cells Erythrocytes

Mast cells

Which of the following organelles provide additional surface area for absorption? Cilia Microvilli Ribosomes Flagella Centrioles

Microvilli

Which of the following organelles is sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell, because of its role in ATP production? Golgi apparatus Centrosome Lysosomes Mitochondria Peroxisomes

Mitochondria

Which of the following regional terms refers to the back of the knee? Popliteal Cubital Perineal Sural Crural

Popliteal

Which type of epithelial tissue is composed of only one layer of cells, but appears layered, because some of the cells do not reach the free surface? Transitional Stratified squamous Simple columnar Stratified cuboidal Pseudostratified columnar

Pseudostratified columnar

Which type of epithelial tissue provides protection against respiratory infections, due to the presence of mucus and cilia? Simple squamous Pseudostratified columnar Stratified columnar Simple cuboidal Stratified squamous

Pseudostratified columnar

Which of the following is NOT a function of smooth muscle? Peristalsis in visceral organs such as the small intestine and ureters Changing the size of the pupil when the lighting conditions change Causing "goose bumps" in response to cold temperature or fear Causing the movements associated with airflow Pumping of the blood through the heart

Pumping of the blood through the heart

Which layer of the skin is found directly superficial to the hypodermis? Stratum basale Reticular region of the dermis Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Papillary region of the dermis

Reticular region of the dermis

When first focusing a microscope on a specimen, which objective lens should always be used first? Low-power Scanning Oil immersion High-power It does not matter; any objective lens can be used first.

Scanning

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the air sacs of the lungs, the walls of capillaries, and the inner linings of blood vessels? Stratified squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Transitional Simple squamous

Simple squamous

Which type(s) of muscle tissue is/are striated? Skeletal only Smooth only Skeletal and cardiac Skeletal and smooth Cardiac only

Skeletal and cardiac

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis in which the cells are beginning to flatten and accumulate keratin? Stratum lucidum Stratum spinosum Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissues in general? Connective tissues contain an abundance of extracellular matrix. The cells are packed tightly together, as they are in epithelial tissues. The ground substance can vary from liquid to solid. Most connective tissues are well-supplied with blood vessels. All of these are characteristics of connective tissues in general.

The cells are packed tightly together, as they are in epithelial tissues.

Where is the keratinized form of stratified squamous epithelium found in the body? The lining of the esophagus The lining of the oral cavity The epidermis of the skin The anal canal The vagina

The epidermis of the skin

What is the difference in function between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? The rough ER produces ATP, while the smooth ER does not. The rough ER helps with cellular movements, while the smooth ER does not. The rough ER conducts lipid synthesis, while the smooth ER conducts protein synthesis. The rough ER breaks down lipids, while the smooth ER breaks down proteins and debris. The rough ER conducts protein synthesis, while the smooth ER conducts lipid synthesis.

The rough ER conducts protein synthesis, while the smooth ER conducts lipid synthesis.

What do lysosomes and peroxisomes have in common? They both have specific roles in cell division They are both involved in ATP production for the cell. They are both vesicles (sacs) of enzymes. They both produce proteins for the cell. They are both part of the cytoskeleton.

They are both vesicles (sacs) of enzymes.

How do epithelial cells obtain their nourishment and get rid of their waste? Through small channels in the tissue Through their extensive blood vesselsThrough the air in the environment Through the blood vessels of the underlying connective tissue By a combination of all of these methods

Through the blood vessels of the underlying connective tissue

What is the function of goblet cells, which are sometimes found interspersed throughout pseudostratified and simple columnar epithelium? To produce new epithelial cells to replace worn out cells To produce and secrete mucus To provide oxygen to the nearby epithelial cells To absorb nutrients for the epithelial cells To engulf and destroy invading microorganisms

To produce and secrete mucus

Which of the following is the function of the endocrine system? To remove wastes and liquids from the body To detect changes in the body, and stimulate glands and muscles To return excess tissue fluid to the blood To secrete hormones To protect internal tissues

To secrete hormones

If your classmate asked you to point to your digital region, where would you point? To your arm To your ankle To your fingers or toes To your thigh To your abdomen

To your fingers or toes

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in several structures of the urinary system, such as the urinary bladder and the ureters? Pseudostratified ciliated columnar Simple columnar Transitional Stratified cuboidal Simple squamous

Transitional

A parfocal microscope is one that keeps the specimen in focus (or very close to it) when a higher-power objective lens is rotated into position, after focusing with a lower-power objective. True False

True

A tissue sliced on an angle to be made into a histology slide is said to be an oblique section. True False

True

A transverse plane can also be called a horizontal plane. True False

True

Apocrine sweat glands have an insignificant role in thermoregulation. True False

True

In your observations of microscopic slides of cartilage and bone, you can see that chondrocytes and osteocytes are both encased in lacunae. True False

True

Most of the accessory structures of the skin are found in the dermis. True Falser

True

Muscle cells are also called muscle fibers. True False

True

Sweat glands are also called sudoriferous glands. True False

True

The anterior body cavity consists of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. True False

True

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of fibers and a ground substance. True False

True

The lunula of a nail has a whitish appearance, because it is covered by a thick region of the nail bed, which hides the color of the underlying blood. True False

True

The nuclear envelope is a double-layered membrane, like the plasma membrane. True False

True

The plasma membrane of a cell can also be called the cell membrane. True False

True

What is the proper way to carry a microscope? Wrap one hand around the arm of the microscope. Carry it with both hands supporting the stage. Use one hand on the arm of the microscope, and the other hand supporting the base. Carry it with one hand on each side of the base. Carry it with one hand on the body tube, and the other hand under the base.

Use one hand on the arm of the microscope, and the other hand supporting the base.

Why is it important to use only the fine adjustment knob when using the high-power or oil immersion lenses? Using the coarse adjustment knob might crack the coverslip or slide, due to the close working distance. You will not be able to focus on the specimen with the coarse adjustment knob. There will not be enough light on the specimen to see it, if the coarse adjustment knob is used. The condenser does not function when using the coarse adjustment knob. The iris diaphragm does not function when using the coarse adjustment knob.

Using the coarse adjustment knob might crack the coverslip or slide, due to the close working distance.

The anatomical term for the shoulder is the __________ region. acromial sternal mental buccal pectoral

acromial

All of the following are major types of tissues, except muscle connective epithelial bone nervous

bone

Branched muscle fibers and intercalated discs are characteristic of __________ muscle tissue. smooth voluntary cardiac multi-nucleated skeletal

cardiac

All of the following structures are found in (or surrounding) the nucleus of a cell, except the __________. centrioles chromatin nucleolus nuclear envelope nuclear pores

centrioles

A __________ plane (section) divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. sagittal transverse horizontal coronal paramedian

coronal

The cytosol and cytoplasmic organelles are components of the __________. cytoskeleton cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus plasma membrane

cytoplasm

The inguinal region is found in the __________ area. anterior knee shoulder forearm groin hip

groin

Concerning the abdominopelvic regions, the __________ regions lie directly superior to the lumbar regions. hypochondriac hypogastric epigastric umbilical iliac

hypochondriac

All of the following are true about areolar connective tissue except it consists of cells in a fluid-gel matrix. it sustains tissue tension. it holds tissue fluids. it binds organs loosely together. All of these are true of areolar connective tissue.

it sustains tissue tension.

The eye is further from the midline of the body than the nose; therefore, the eye is __________ to the nose. medial proximal lateral distal caudal

lateral

All of the following structures are involved in motility, except microvilli. cilia. microtubules. microfilaments. flagella.

microvilli.

Dendrites, an axon, and a soma are all components of __________. smooth muscle cells neuroglia cardiac muscle cells neurons skeletal muscle cells

neurons

All of the following are components of the lymphatic system, except the __________. thymus pineal gland spleen lymph nodes lymphatic vessels

pineal gland

In directional terminology, the knee is __________ to the foot. caudal posterior distal medial proximal

proximal

All of the following are dense connective tissues except elastic connective tissue. dense irregular connective tissue. reticular connective tissue. dense regular connective tissue. All of these are types of dense connective tissue.

reticular connective tissue.

All of the following regions are visible on the anterior view of the body, except the __________ region. antecubital sacral tarsal axillary crural

sacral

When observing a micrograph of nervous tissue, it can be seen that neuroglia are __________ than neurons. smaller and less abundant larger and less abundant equal in size and more abundant larger and more abundant smaller and more abundant

smaller and more abundant

Spindle-shaped cells are characteristic of __________ tissue. nervous smooth muscle cardiac muscle striated muscle skeletal muscle

smooth muscle

An epithelial tissue composed of several layers of tall, elongated cells would be called __________ epithelium. stratified cuboidal stratified columnar transitional simple columnar stratified squamous

stratified columnar

All of the following are true of the plasma membrane, except it is mainly composed of a phospholipid bilayer. it is selectively permeable to various substances, controlling which substances can cross the membrane. the glycocalyx provides structural integrity to the plasma membrane. transmembrane proteins may function as ion channels, enzymes, or receptors. charged or large molecules can sometimes enter a cell via membrane proteins.

the glycocalyx provides structural integrity to the plasma membrane.

All of the following are true of a stereomicroscope, except it can also be called a dissecting microscope. it is used to view large, opaque specimens. the image of the specimen is reversed and inverted. it can be used to view an object 3-dimensionally. it provides less magnification than a compound light microscope.

the image of the specimen is reversed and inverted.

All of the following practices should be followed when making a wet mount, except the specimen should be covered with a drop of water. the wet specimen should be covered with a coverslip. the specimen can be opaque and up to 1mm in thickness. the microscope should not be tilted. if using the oil immersion lens, open the iris diaphragm to illuminate the specimen.

the specimen can be opaque and up to 1mm in thickness.

All of the following are true of the centrioles, except they are located within the centrosome. they are part of the cytoskeleton. they consist of microtubules. they organize the mitotic spindle during cell division. they are nonmembranous organelles.

they are part of the cytoskeleton.

In the double-layered serous membranes of the anterior body cavity, the inner layer, which covers the surface of each organ, is called the __________ layer. parietal endothelial visceral endosteal retroperitoneal

visceral