A&P Test #3

What is the earliest event in endochondral ossification

a bone collar forms around the cartilage model

skin color is determined by

all of these

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary

an ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue

The process of bones increasing in width is known as

appositional growth

the growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface

appositional growth

which hormone is not matched with its correct function

calcitonin; increases blood calcium levels

normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of

calcium, phosphate , and vitamin D

By interconnecting the lacunae and the blood supply, ____________ allow osteocytes to transfer nutrients and wastes through an otherwise impenetrable solid matrix.

canaliculi

the cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification

chondrocytes

The lining of the marrow cavity in a long bone is the

endosteum

most sun burns are this type of burn, involving only epidermis marked by redness, slight edema and pain

first degree

a needle would penetrate the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order

none of these

which of the following bone diseases is caused defective mineralization of bone in children as a result of insufficient vitamin D

rickets

the reason the hypodermic acts as a shock absorber is that

the major part of its make up is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

Flat bones consist of a thin plate of spongy bine, called dipole, sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

true

Hematopoises refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones

true

Infants have more bones than adults

true

The collagen fibers of the osteoid make the overall bone matrix stronger by allowing it to resist bending and twisting

true

The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones

true

an osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal and is found in compact bone only

true

Cranial bones develop

within fibrous membranes

Most bones of the skeletal system are formed through

endochondral ossification

Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following?

18 year old male

this most common type of skin cancer arises from the stratum basale

basal cell carcinoma

order of 5 start of the epidermal layer of your skin from deep to superficial is

basale, spinosum, granulosum,lucidum,corneum

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of

blood vessel and nerve fibers

Osteoblasts are _______ whereas osteoclasts are _______

bone forming cells; bone destroying cells

in the epiphyseal plate cartilage grows

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Structure of bone tissue suits the function. which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses

compact bone

fossa

depression

a fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the

diaphysis

shaft of long bone

diaphysis

nutrients reach the surface if the skin through the process of

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

Which of the following statements is true?

during endochondral ossification hyaline cartilage is broken down and replaced with bone

at what age do bones reach their peak density

early adulthood

the presence of a epiphyseal line indicates

epiphyseal growth has ended

the appearance of this structure signals the end of long bone growth

epiphyseal line

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood as well as shaping the articular surfaces

epiphyseal plate

the area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells

epiphyseal plate

All bones formed by intramembranous ossification are irregular bones.

false

Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function

false

with no nerves or blood vessels, the periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect bone

false

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of

fat

which hormone is important forgone growth during infancy and childhood

growth hormone

choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient

hip bone

The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is

hyaline

Through the process of endochondral ossification, a fetal _____ model transforms into bone

hyaline cartilage

When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of th cartilage tissue from within this process is called

interstitial growth

Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.

interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

which of the following statements about functions of integumentary system is not true

it absorbs water and salts

In addition to protection, the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

it converts a modified epidermal lipid to a vitamin D precursor important in calcium metabolism

Which of the following statements regarding bone tissue is false

it is one of the four main tissue types

the epidermis provides a physical barrier due largely to the presence of

keratin

What are small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live called

lacunae

An archeologist discovers a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide what classification for this bone fit

long

if a splinter penetrated the skin into a second epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged

lucidum

Sites of hematopoiesis include all but

medullary cavities in bones of a healthy adult

foramen

opening/passage

meatus

opening/passage

which of the following are not matched with their appropriate function

osteocytes; produce new bone cells

the inner layer of protective periosteum, covering bones, consists primarily of

osteogenic cells

Decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of

parathyroid hormone

the two hormones that have opposite effects the rate of osteolysis are

parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called

perforating fibers

condyle

projection/process

spine

projection/process

trochanter

projection/process

tubercle

projection/process

tuberosity

projection/process

Which of the following is not a function of periosteum

provides. smooth surface for articulation between bones

Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include ________.

resident macrophage like cells whose functions is to ingest invaders and present them to the immune system

Ironically, high levels of ____________ at puberty not only accelerate lengthwise bone growth but also trigger its ultimate end.

sex hormones

the epidermal layer that is dead and kerantinized is the

stratum corneum

What is the structural unit of compact bone

the osteon

wolffs law is concerned with

the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

a major difference between compact and spongy bone is that

there are no osteons in spongy bone

which of the following is not true about thick skin compared to thin skin

thick skin has a thicker dermis

this type of burn usually destroys nerve endings and therefore produces less pain than the other types

third degree

which of the following is a site for a muscle or ligament attachment

trochanter