soc 7-12

At this time in the U.S., the POVERTY LINE is determined to be in relation to be in relation to a household that spends ______ of its income on food:

1/3 (one third)

The practice of a woman having more than one husband is called:

Polyandry

"Tumin's Critique" of the Functionalist view of SOCIAL STRATIFICATION said that:

Society is not a meritocracy

The idea that MARRIAGE is "socially channeled" and that individuals tend to marry those with similar characteristics as themselves is called:

homogeny

When a society shifts its focus away from religious issues and toward the affairs of "everyday life," this is referred to as:

Secularization

Throughout its history, the U.S. has demonstrated which of the following combinations of SOCIAL STRATIFICATION?

Slavery, Caste, and Class systems

When individuals trace descent and kinship along the line of fathers, this is called _______ descent

patrilineal

According to Weber, when custom dictates who is in charge and the idea of "that's the way it is" dominates, this is ________ authority.

traditional

POLYGYNY is defined as:

one man married to multiple women

Which of the following BEST represents the equation for calculating a population's growth rate?

(Fertility - Mortality) + Migration

The percentage of Americans who report being "very happy" in their marriages is approximately:

60

In the modern United States, approximately _______ of the population lives in cities.

75-80

MINORITY GROUPS are BEST defined as:

A group considered undesirable within a society

Functionalists list each of the following as a basic human need that religion meets EXCEPT:

A justification for war and persecution

SOCIAL CLASS is BEST defined as:

A large group of people who rank close to one another is social status

Which of the following is a problem facing Modern American educational institutions?

All of these

Max Weber, who was critical of Karl Marx, stated that SOCIAL CLASS has three components; which of the following did he say was MOST important?:

All of these are equally important

PREJUDICE is best described as:

An attitude about an ethnic group

Power that is accepted as legitimate or just is:

Authority

According to NEO-MALTHUSIAN theorists, the following is MOST true

Both A and B

EDUCATION is BEST defined as:

Both A and C

What is the main idea that supports RACE as a SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION (in other words, "something man-made")?

Both of the above

Which of the following is MOST true?

Both of these are true

During a WAR, the process of viewing one's enemies as objects to allow for acts of violence to be more easily carried out is defined as:

Dehumanization

The study of the size, growth, and distribution of human populations is called:

Demography

When a religion rises to the level of becoming strongly aligned with the government of a society, often becoming a condition of citizenship, it is often described as a(n):

Ecclesia

A CASTE system prohibits intermarriage between castes; this is called

Endogamy

Behaviors such as recording family trees, cooking ethnic foods, and keeping cultural traditions can be described as:

Ethnic Work

In his CULTURE OF POVERTY Theory, John Galbraith stated that there are several reasons that the people of the Least Industrialized Nations are in poverty; which of the following is NOT one of those reasons

People of these nations don't possess a very strong work ethic

In Immanuel Wallerstein's WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY, which of the following categories describes the nations that were excluded from the expansion of industrialization

Periphery

In the updated version of Karl Marx's theory of SOCIAL CLASS, the class description that BEST defines the owners of small businesses is:

Petty Bourgeoisie

Which of the following is NOT one of the "3Ps" of SOCIAL STRATIFICATION?

Popularity

When children move up or down from their parents' social class, this is what type of SOCIAL MOBILITY?

Question options: Intergenerational

According to Weber, BUREAUCRATIC authority, in which written rules regulate individuals' behavior, is also called:

Rational-Legal Authority

The type of government in which members of a society send elected officials to participate in governance on their behalf is called a(n):

Representative Democracy

According to Functionalists, an effect of EDUCATION is the CULTURAL TRANSMISSION OF VALUES; this is best exemplified by:

Saying the Pledge of Allegiance

In a CLASS system, social status in mainly based on the accumulation of material wealth; this is what type of status?

Achieved

ANTI-MALTHUSIAN theorists believe that

All of the above

According to Weber, when people follow a leader based on that individual's personality traits or the message that the individual presents, this is an example of:

Charismatic Authority

INDUSTRIALIZATION affects a population's growth rate in the following ways EXCEPT:

Child-rearing becomes less necessary

In Modern America, the group MOST likely to live in POVERTY is

Children

Power that is NOT accepted as legitimate or just is called:

Coercion

The theory that states that the nations that industrialized first "got the jump" on the rest of the world's nations and dominated them with military might is called

Colonialism

Sociologists who study EDUCATION and conclude that there exists a "Hidden Agenda" which serves to support the dominance of the wealthy over the poor are MOST likely to be:

Conflict Theorists

The idea that power inequalities exist between husbands and wives and that this often leads to conflict and divorce is most likely to be held by which of the following theoretical perspectives?

Conflict Theorists

C. Wright Mills theorized that a POWER ELITE exists in America that supersedes the political process and controls the major decisions that impact the society; this idea is MOST likely to be associated with which of the following theoretical perspectives?

Conflict Theory

Marx described religion as "the opiate of the masses" and stated that it serves as a distraction that causes workers to forget their suffering and exploitation. This position is MOST likely to be associated with which of the following theoretical perspectives?

Conflict Theory

When both CAPITALIST and SOCIALIST economic systems adopt aspects of the others' system, this is called:

Convergence Theory

Karl Marx predicted the violent overthrow of the wealthy by the workers, but he said this is hampered by:

False Class Consciousness

The idea that the US government is an example of PLURALISM, in which checks and balances exist to prevent any one group in society from having too much power, is MOST likely to be espoused by which of the following theoretical perspectives?

Functionalism

Which of the following is NOT a main feature of a SOCIALIST ECONOMY?

Goods are distributed for a profit

Sociologists DO NOT attempt to address the following in regard to the study of RELIGION:

Identify the truth of a religion's beliefs

All of the following are modern trends among American families EXCEPT:

Increased rates of cohabitation

Herbert Gans (1962) described "cosmopolitan" city-dwellers as:

Intellectuals and professionals who enjoy the cultural benefits of living in a city

A "hands off" approach to CAPITALISM, in which the government does not interfere, is called:

Laissez-Faire

Karl Marx stated that SOCIAL CLASS is determined by one's relationship to

Means of Production

The sweeping social changes brought on by industrialization are collectively known as:

Modernization

A leader whose power is passed down to his/her children is BEST described as a(n):

Monarch

All of the following are true of URBANIZATION with the exception of

More people migrate to farms due to increased work opportunities

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a POST-INDUSTRIAL society

Most people work in the industry sector

As nations form coalitions to promote and protect trade and as national boundaries seem to become less significant, this indicates the possibility of an emerging __________.

New World Order

A SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY, in which little surplus is produced and there is little accumulation of wealth, is MOST likely to exist in a(n) __________________ society

None of the above

The concept that increasing rates of population growth are linked to cultural values such as the high status of parenthood in some societies is a theory MOST likely to be followed by:

None of the above

Rule by a small group within a society with nearly complete control is a(n):

Oligarchy

When a social movement becomes preoccupied with day-to-day concerns and often sees it levels of dedicated followers fall, it has likely reached the __________ stage of development.

Organizational Decline

The Most Industrialized Nations can invest wealth into replacing and improving its ______, while the Least Industrialized Nations must struggle to acquire it in the first place:

Technology

All of the following are true statements in regard to starvation in the world today EXCEPT:

The continent of Africa produces insufficient food to support its population

In modern American society, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of those who are most likely to vote in elections?

The unemployed

Many Sociologists advocate for a harmony between technological advancement and the natural environment; this is often referred to as:

Urbanization

MARRIAGE can be described as having the potential for a "Dark Side," described as the presence of the following:

all

Which of the following is MOST true about ETHNIC GROUPS?

all

The ELITE in a society maintain stratification through the use of

both force and ideology

MARRIAGE is a society's approved mating arrangements and involves customs about all of the following EXCEPT:

language

Patterns within families in which parents are likely to select many of their children's activities and often "push them to succeed" are more likely to be characteristic of ________ families.

middle-class

A social movement that seeks to promote change in a society is BEST described as:

proactive

Occupations that are generally considered to result in high PRESTIGE have which of the following characteristics

require abstract thought

A social organization such as the Ku Klux Klan is described as REACTIVE because it seeks to _______ social change.

resist