A&PII Chp. 24

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

renal pyramids.

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

excretes abundant protein molecules

What has to happen to the external urethral sphincter to allow urination? (Module 24.16B)

it must be consciously stimulated to relax

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called

juxtamedullary nephrons.

Name the major excretory organs of the urinary system. (Module 24.1A)

kidneys

Major calyces are

large tributaries of the renal pelvis.

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are

located partly within the pelvic cavity.

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

papillary duct

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle.

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

renal pelvis.

Which structure is a conical mass within the renal medulla that ends at the papilla? (Module 24.3A)

renal pyramid

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

ureters

Urine is transported by the ________, stored within the ________, and eliminated through the ________. (Module 24.16A)

ureters; urinary bladder; urethra

A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.

1200mL

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions.

25

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole.

Which type of nephron is essential for water conservation and concentrated urine production? (Module 24.3C)

juxtamedullary nephrons

The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

nephron loop

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule.

Regarding kidney function, in ________, solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid across the tubular epithelium and into the tubular fluid.

secretion

Describe filtrate. (Module 24.4A)

similar to blood plasma without proteins

The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney.

slightly superior

The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop actively pumps what substances into the peritubular fluid? (Module 24.11B)

sodium and chloride ions

The most abundant waste solute in urine is

urea

Urine is temporarily stored in the

urinary bladder.

When ADH levels in the DCT decrease, what happens to the urine osmotic concentration? (Module 24.12.D)

urine osmotic concentration decreases and urine volume increases

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

transitional

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

PROTEINS

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. interlobar artery 4. renal artery 5. glomerulus 6. cortical radiate artery 7. efferent arteriole 8. peritubular capillary What is the proper order in which blood passes through these vessels?

4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8

Put the following urinary structures in order to represent the flow of newly produced urine: 1) minor calyx 2) renal pelvis 3) ureter 4) major calyx 5) renal papilla

5,1,4,2,3

Describe how blood enters and leaves the glomerulus. (Module 24.5B)

Blood enters by the afferent arteriole and leaves by the efferent arteriole.

What effect does an increase in ADH levels have on the DCT? (Module 24.12C)

Increased ADH will increase the number of aquaporins in the DCT which increases water reabsorption and reduces urine volume.

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.

Juxtamedullary

How does the urethra differ between males and females? (Module 24.15C)

The male urethra is longer and also transports semen.

Define the vasa recta. (Module 24.5C)

The vasa recta are long, straight capillaries that that parallel the nephron loop.

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to

absence of ADH.

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

adrenal glands

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct

Renal columns are

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

cortex

The ability to consciously control urination depends on your ability to control which muscle? (Module 24.17B)

external urethral sphincter

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Identify the three distinct processes of urine formation in the kidney. (Module 24.7A)

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

The process of filtration is driven by

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerulus.

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

peritubular

Know the structure of the kidney

point out renal column

Know the kidney structure

point out renal pelvis

Know the figure 24-2

point out the collecting duct

Trace the pathway of blood from the renal artery to the renal vein. (Module 24.5A)

renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein

What structures enter and exit the kidney at the hilum? (Module 24.2A)

the renal artery and renal nerves enter; the renal vein and ureter exit at the hilum