AART Review
Which of the following would be the most likely sonographic appearance of the kidneys with ARPKD?
Bilateral, enlarged, echogenic kidneys, with a loss of corticomedullary differentiation
Which of the following masses would be most likely misdiagnosed as a pedunculated uterine leiomyoma?
Brenner tumor
A 59 year old patient with known HCC presents to the sonography department for a liver sonogram with upper abdominal pain and splenomegaly. Upon sonographic examination of the liver, the hepatic veins are not visualized and color Doppler yield evidence of the absent flow in the area of the hepatic veins. Which of the following would be the most likely cause for these clinical and sonographic findings?
Budd-Chiari syndrome
What prostatic zone is located at the base of the prostate?
Central Zone
Caroli disease is a congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilation of the intrahepatic ducts. What is the sonographic sign associated with Caroli disease?
Central dot sign
Which of the following would typically not be a clinical feature of choledocholithiasis?
Elevated creatinine
Which of the following is he most common cause of portal hypertension
Cirrhosis
Which of the following would be considered to be the most common fetal female genital abnormality
Clitoromegaly
Which of the following locations is the most common location for a gallstone to become lodged and consequently cause obstructive jaundice?
Common bile duct segment near the ampulla of Vater
Which of the following typically has a high-resistant waveform pattern?
Common iliac artery
Which of the following techniques is used to Sonographically identify bowel abnormalities
Compression sonography
Which of the following is also referred to as primary hyperaldosteronism and results in high levels of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex?
Conn syndrome
What are the paired linear muscular formations that attach the diaphragm to the anterolateral surfaces of the upper lumbar vertebrae?
Crura
Which abnormality results from high levels of cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex?
Cushing syndrome
All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except A. Splenic artery B. Common hepatic Artery C. Cystic artery D. Left gastric artery
Cystic artery
What is the most transrectal sonographic appearance of the seminal vesicles?
Hypoechoic structures between the bladder and the prostate
Which of the following locations is the most common location for an AAA?
Infrarenal
Which small segments of the renal arteries travel between the renal pyramids?
Interlobar
What structure provides the vascular supply to the penis?
Internal pudendal artery
What sonographic image demonstrates intrahepatic ductal dilatation
Intrahepatic ductal dilatation
The patient is a 1 year old male patient who complained of intermittent, severe abdominal pain and vomiting. He also had red currant jelly stool. Which of the following is most likely indicating?
Intussusception
Which of the following statements best describes the chorion frondosum?
It is the decidualized tissue at the implantation site containing the chorionic villi
Which of the following variant of gallbladder shape would be depicted as a prominent crease in the area of the gallbladder neck
Junctional Fold
Which of the following would be least likely to Sonographically appear as an enlarged kidney? A. Crossed fused ectopia B. Junctional parenchymal defect C. Compensatory hypertrophy D. Duplicated collecting system
Junctional parenchymal defect
Which of the following is a childhood disease associated with gallbladder hydrops and vasculitis?
Kawaski disease
_______ are the most common manifestation of cholangiocarcinoma. Patient complains of RUQ pain, pruritus, and unexplained weight loss. It is located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts.
Klatskin tumor
A _____________ is a malignant ovarian tumor that metastasized from the gastrointestinal tract, most frequently the stomach
Krukenberg Tumor
A _______ is not seen on a sagittal image of the testicle, it would most likely appear as a hypoechoic mass within the testicle
Seminoma
What two structures form the ejaculatory ducts?
Seminal vesicles and ductus deferens
A 33 year old male patient presented to the sonography department with a history of painless testicular enlargement. Based on the sonographic findings, which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?
Seminoma
Wat is defined as a group of clinically observable findings that exist together and allow for classification
Syndrome
Which of the following statements is not true of theca lutein cysts? A. Theca Lutein cyst are large cysts that are frequently unilateral B. Theca lutein cyst are associated with nausea and vomiting C. Can cause ovarian torsion D. Found in elevated levels of HcG
Theca Lutein cyst are large cysts that are frequently unilateral (bilateral frequently)
This type of ovarian abnormality would be most likely seen in a patient suffering from gestational trophoblastic disease or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?
Theca lutein cyst
What is the most likely effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy upon the sonographic appearance of the endometrium?
Thickness the endometrium to a variable degree
Which of the following would be least likely associated with an increased fetal nuchal translucency measurement in the 1st trimester
Trisomy 13 (patau Syndrome)
Which of the following would be most likely associated with the sonographic findings seen in this image?
Trisomy 18
Sonographic features that include a strawberry-shaped skull, choroid plexus cysts, club feet and omphalocele are found in _____________
Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
Sonographic findings of bilateral choroid plexus cysts are found in the presence of
Trisomy 18 Edwards syndrome
Image of an enlarged prostate, most likely suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy
benign prostatic hypertrophy
Hydroceles are most often located
between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
Measurement that is made from the lateral margin of one orbit to the lateral margin of the other orbit
binocular diameter
Which of the following would be considered the least accurate measurement in the estimation of gestation in the presence of dolichocephaly?
biparietal diameter
Parathyroid glands serve as a _______ regulator for the body
calcium
The appendix is attached to the
cecum
Which of the following is considered to be the most common female malignancy in women younger than 50?
cervical carcinoma
Which of the following statement is true concerning the normal prepubertal uterus?
cervix is larger than the uterine fundus
A bladder flap hematoma may result from
cesarean section
Sonographic findings of a __________________ include a fusiform cystic mass in the area of the porta hepatis and biliary dilatation.
choledochal cyst
Which of the following best describes the Achilles tendon
connects the gastrocnemius to the posterior surface of the calcaneus
In what structure is the penile urethra housed?
corpus spongiosum
Which of the following would be the least likely to contribute to a false positive diagnosis of hydronephrosis a. overdistention of the urinary bladder b. parapelvic cysts c. extrarenal pelvis d. cortical renal cyst
cortical renal cyst
The spleen removes irregular red blood cells from the bloodstream through a process referred to as
culling
The term "thanatophoric" means:
death-bearing
Which of the following could not result from monozygotic twinning? a. dichorionic diamniotic b. dichorionic monoamniotic c. monochorionic diamniotic d. monochorionic monoamniotic
dichorionic diamniotic
Which of the following would be considered the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary system?
duplicated collecting system
Which of the following is typically not a clinical manifestation of endometrial polyps? a. intermenstrual bleeding b. dyspareunia c. menometrorrhagia d. asymptomatic
dyspareunia
Which of the following would not be associated clinical finding of an intramural uterine leiomyoma? A. dyspareunia b. urinary frequency c. pelvic pressure d. palpable mass
dyspareunia
Which of the following would typically not be a clinical feature of choledocholithiasis? a. elevated bilirubin b. alkaline phosphatase c. jaundice d. elevated creatinine
elevated creatinine
Which of the following is not true of hepatic cysts? a. asymptomatic b. elevated liver function test are often caused by hepatic cysts
elevated liver function test are often caused by hepatic cysts (they don't alter)
Which of the following is not a common fluid collection following a rental transplant? a. lymphocele b. urinoma c. empyema d. hematoma
empyema
The use of an intrauterine device has been linked with an increased risk of all of the following except: a. ectopic pregnancy b. endometriosis c. PID d. spontaneous abortions
endometriosis
Which of the following hormones may actually cause a cavernous hemangioma of the liver to increase in size? a. aldosterone b. estrogen c. cortisol
estrogen
Which of the following is not a typical clinical feature of Cushing syndrome? a. excessive thirst b. thinning arms and legs c. hirsutism d. hypertension
excessive thirst
Demise of a twin in the second trimester with maceration is called a vanishing twin a fetus papyraceous an acardiac twin twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome a conjoined twin
fetus papyraceous
Which of the following groups of signs and symptoms establish Carcot triad and may be noted with cholangitis? a. tar-like stool, RUQ pain and vomiting of bile b. fever, RUQ pain and jaundice c. RUQ pain, vomiting, bleeding
fever, RUQ pain and jaundice
What tumor is often termed the "stealth" lesion of the liver
focal nodular hyperplasia
The narrowest part of the sound beam is
focus
A history of histoplasmosis, tuberculosis or sarcoidosis would increase the likelihood of discovering
granulomas
A postmenopausal women presents to ultrasound for vaginal spotting. Which of the following ovarian tumors could possibly be a cause? a. ovarian masses do not cause vaginal bleeding b. granulosa cell tumor c. endometrioma
granulosa cell tumor
What measurement would be the most indicative of thyroid enlargement
greater than 10mm
Which of the following parts of the pancreas is located right lateral to superior mesenteric vein and anterior to IVC
head
What hepatic abnormality may be discovered in the immunocompromised patient? a. amebic hepatic abscess b. hepatic candidiasis
hepatic candidiasis
Which of the following is considered both intersegmental and interlobar?
hepatic veins
Which of the following clinical findings would be least likely for the patient presenting with long-standing cirrhosis? a. weight loss b. hepatomegaly c. fatigue d. jaundice
hepatomegaly
What is the arrow in this image identifying in this young patient complaining of the sudden onset of leg and knee pain?
hip joint effusion
A 29 year old patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of first-trimester vaginal bleeding. Which of the following would be least likely to increase the likelihood of this patient having an ectopic pregnancy
history of a blighted ovum
Transverse vie of the lower pole of the kidneys in the midline, what is demonstrated
horseshoe kidney
The aorta, the largest artery in the body, originates at the Right Ventricle of the heart Right Atrium of the heart Left Ventricle of the heart Left atrium of the heart
left ventricle of the heart
A 42 year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of a myomectomy and uterine artery embolization. These two procedures are used to treat:
leiomyoma
The _______________ is the malignant counterpart of the normally benign leiomyoma. This mass is characterized by a rapid increase in growth, found postmenopausal women.
leiomyosarcoma
Normal bowel wall thickness should measure
less than 5 mm
A 54 year old patient whose clinical history includes a long history of smoking presents to the sonography department for an abdominal sonogram. His order states that he has a palpable gallbladder and jaundice. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is most often discovered in the
pancreatic body and tail
What pancreatic congenital anomaly results from a shortened pancreatic duct and could result in chronic pancreatitits?
pancreatic divisum
Which prostatic zone is the largest
peripheral zone
Delayed postpartum bleeding would be caused by all of the following except: Placenta percreta endometritis retained product of conception
placenta percreat
Which of the following is often noted in conjunction with lung consolidation?
pleural effusion
What is this image identifying in the liver sonogram
pneumobilia
Which of the following is not associated with Klinefelter syndrome? a. polycorchidism b. gynecomastia c. small testicles d. infertility
polycorchidism
The endocrinological ovarian disorder linked with infertility and chronic anovulation is
polycystic ovary disease
Which of the following abnormalities is associated with the development of abdominal varicosities in the area of the splenic hilum, renal hilum and gastroesophageal junction
portal hypertension
Which of the following is the most common cause of splenomegaly?
portal hypertension
Where are the seminal vesicles located?
posterior surface of the bladder
Tuberous sclerosis is associated with all of the following except: a. epilepsy b. angiomyolipomas c. prune belly syndrome d. renal cystic disease
prune belly syndrome
Which of the following is superior extension of the thyroid isthmus?
pyramidal lobe
Which of the following would be least likely associated with appendix? A. Rebound tenderness b. fecalith c. RLQ pain d. red currant jelly stools
red currant jelly stools
potter's syndrome is associated with what:
renal agenesis, adnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia and limb abnormalities
Transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney is most often located in the _________
renal pelvis
In the differentiation of renal masses, which of the following would be the most helpful sonographic feature of a renal abscess?
reverberation artifact
Enlargement of the hepatic veins may be associated with
right-sided heart failure
Which of the following abnormalities would be least likely to result in splenomegaly? a. lymphoma b. leukemia c. sarcoidosis d. Epstein-Barr infection
sarcoidosis
Which of the following would typically not be a predisposing condition or risk factor that would increase the likelihood of developing cholelithiasis? a. sarcoidosis b. total parenteral nutrition c. sickle cell disease d. pregnancy
sarcoidosis
The first structure visualized within the gestational sac is the _________
secondary yolk sac
All of the following are branches of the uterine artery except: a. segmental b. arcuate c. spiral d. straight
segmental
The most commong form of testicular carcinoma, will appear as a solid hypoechoic mass, can be painless is _____
seminoma
The area located between the anterior wall of the urinary bladder and symphysis pubis that contains extraperitoneal fat is referred to as the
space of Retzius
While scanning the epigastric region to visualize the pancreas in the transverse scan plane, you visualize a tubular structure that travels across the midline of the abdomen near the level of the pancreas. What could it be
splenic artery
Which of the following vessels can be used to mark the posterior border of the pancreatic tail and body
splenic vein
What is the term for the ectopic implantation of splenic tissue following splenic rupture?
splenosis
Which of the following is not a function of the liver? a. storage of bile b. blood reservoir c. storage of minerals and vitamins
storage of bile
What is the most likely location of the mass noted distorting the endometrium?
submucosal
What is another name for the adrenal glands?
suprarenal glands
Another name for clubfoot
talipes equinovarus
Sonographically, cystitis is diagnosed when
the urinary bladder wall is thickened
Which of the following measurements would be the minimum that the normal renal cortex should measure?
10 mm
The depth of the cisterna magna should not measure greater than
10mm
The normal thickness of the urinary bladder in its distended stated should not exceed
4mm
The kidneys initially develop within the pelvis and ascend into their normal position by as early as a. 4 week gestation b. 6 week gestation c. 9 week gestation d. 13 week gestation
9 week gestation
__________ syndrome is a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs including the skull, tongue and liver
Beckwith-Wiedemann
Which of the following congenital syndromes has a noted tendency to developing the hepatoblastoma?
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
What is the most common parotid gland mass?
Pleomorphic adenoma
Which of the following is not associated with Klinefelter syndrome
Polyorchidism
Which of the following is not a true statement concerning varicoceles? a. Primary varicoceles are most often found on the right side b. Varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility c. Diagnose with color Doppler
Primary varicoceles are most often found on the right side (left side)
Which of the following would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a fibroid?
A solid, hypoechoic mass that produces posterior shadowing
Which of the following statements is not true concerning ovarian torsion? A. Ovarian torsion occurs most often on the left side B. Torsion of the ovary has been detected in t he fetus C. Most common cause being ovarian cyst of mass D. Ovarian hyperstimulation can lead to torsion
A. Ovarian torsion occurs most often on the left side (common on right)
A 44 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a renal sonogram complaining of decreased renal function, hypertension, and several urinary tract infections. Sonographically, both kidneys appear enlarged and there appears to be multiple cortical anechoic masses that have good through transmission bilaterally. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis
ADPKD
Condition where true hepatic cyst encountered in middle age, hepatic cysts are asymptomatic, do not alter liver function. They are often multiple and might not always conform to the sonographic appearance of a simple cyst. Clusters of cysts may be noted which may suggest a complex appearance
ADPKD
A sonographic examination of a 20 week fetus is highly suspicious for bilateral renal agenesis. Sonographically, the adrenal glands appear flattened and the renal area is not seen well secondary to anhydramnios. What other sonographic finding would confirm this diagnosis?
Absent renal arteries
A 19 year old female patient presents to the ER with severe RUQ pain and leukocytosis. A gallbladder sonogram is ordered to investigate for signs of gallbladder disease. The patient complains of pain directly over the gallbladder. Sonographically, the gallbladder wall appears striated and measures 8mm. There is a small amount of fluid adjacent to the gallbladder as well. The common bile duct measures 7mm. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis>
Acalculous cholecystitis
Upon sonographic examination of a 22-week fetus, you discover evidence of micromelia, absent mineralization of the skull, spine and pelvis, and polyhydramnios. Based on the sonographic findings, which of the following is most likely?
Achondrogenesis
Which cystic renal disease can result from chronic hemodialysis? A. Autosomal recessive polycystic renal disease B. Acquired renal cystic disease C. MCKD D. ADPRD
Acquired renal cystic disease
Which of following is most often associated with Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses?
Adenomyomatosis
Which of the following would be best described as ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium of the uterus?
Adenomyosis
What is the most common location of the pheochromocytoma?
Adrenal gland
Which of the following maternal laboratory values would be elevated in the presence of Trisomy 18? A. Alpha-fetoprotien B. HcG C. Estriol D. All levels would be descreased
All levels would be decreased
Extensive subcutaneous edema and thickening of the nuchal translucency. These findings are most often associated with Turner syndrome, fetal hydrops, aneuploidy, trisomy 21, 18 and 13.
Amniotic band syndrome
A 37 Y/O patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. The sonographic findings include a single live intrauterine pregnancy. An analysis of the fetal heads reveals bulging eyes and absence of cranial vault.
Anencephaly
Which of the following produces thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which of the following is associated with a parasitic roundworm that can be found within the biliary tree?
Ascariasis
Which of the following laboratory values would be most likely elevated in the presence of an ovarian cystadenocarcinoma?
CA-125
A RUQ sonogram is ordered for a 4 day old newborn female patient. She has signs of jaundice, irritability suggesting abdominal pain and fever. The sonographic findings include a fusiform cystic mass in the area of the porta hepatis and biliary dilation is noted. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Choledochal cyst
Which of the following tumors would be associated with an elevation in HcG
Choriocarcinoma
In the fetus, which of the following is responsible for creating cerebrospinal fluid?
Choroid plexus
Which of the following is not typically a sonographic feature of portal hypertension?
Decrease size of the SMV
The sonographic investigation of an 18 week fetus reveals malposition of the heart and an anechoic mass noted adjacent to the fetal heart in the four chamber heart view. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Diaphragmatic hernia
Trisomy 21
Down syndrome
What is the structure that is surgically interrupted to prevent the transport of sperm from the testicles?
Ductus deferens
In which of the following is the right ventricle contiguous with the right atrium, a finding referred to as an atrialized right ventricle?
Ebstein anomaly
What is the most likely echogenicity of the serosal layer of bowel?
Echogenic
A 39 yo patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of tubal ligation, vaginal bleeding & positive pregnancy test
Ectopic pregnancy
Bilateral choroid plexus cysts are findings that have a strong association with _________
Edwards syndrome
The sonographic findings of a 22 week fetus include micrognatia, bilateral choroid plexus cysts and strawberry-shaped skull. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?
Edwards syndrome
Trisomy 18
Edwards syndrome
Which of the sequela of acute cholecystitis would be most likely discovered in a diabetic patient?
Emphysematous cholecystitis
Which of the following renal infections is found most often in the diabetic or immunocompromised patient?
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
Which of the following is associated with polycystic ovary disease?
Endometrial carcinoma
Which hormone is not produced by the adrenal cortex? A. Androgens B. Epinephrine C. Aldosterone D. Cortisol
Epinephrine (produced by adrenal medulla)
Which hormone encourages the induction of salt and water retention, and stimulates contractile motions to occur within the uterine myometrium and the fallopian tubes?
Estrogen
What is the condition described as the return of the spleen's hematopoietic function in cases of severe anemia?
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
All of the following could result in an inaccurate biophysical profile scoring except: A. An overactive fetus B. Fetal Hiccups C. Sleeping Fetus
Fetal Hiccups
Which of the following groups of signs and symptoms establish Charcot triad and may be noted with cholangitis? A. tar-like stool, RUQ pain and vomiting of bile B. Fever, RUQ pain and jaundice C. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea D. Epigastric pain, gallbladder hydrops and bloody stool
Fever, RUQ pain and jaundice
What is a rare, pediatric tumor of the neck that is most commonly found within the sternocleidomastoid muscle due to possible malposition in utero
Fibromatosis Colli
What is a rare, pediatric tumor of the neck that is most commonly found within the sternocleidomastoid muscle due to possible malposition in utero?
Fibromatosis colli
What gallbladder developmental variance may lead to an obstruction in the blood flow to the gallbladder, thus producing significant pain?
Floating Gallbladder
What Sonographically identifiable abnormality will occur to the coronary vein with portal hypertension?
Flow will be toward the esophagus and the vessel will measure greater than 6 mm
Which hormone is responsible for the creation of multiple follicles on the ovary during the first half of the menstrual cycle?
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Which of the following may lead to a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia, in which case the entire liver may herniate into the fetal chest?
Foramen of Morgagni hernia
Which of the following would typically be considered a benign abdominal mass?
Gastrinoma
What may be noted between the left lobe of the liver and the abdominal aorta in the sagittal imaging plane?
Gastroesophageal junction
Fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney
Gerota fascia
Which of the following is described as the fibrous covering of the liver?
Glisson capsule
Which of the following would be described as a small benign tumor consisting of group of inflammatory cells?
Granuloma
Sonographic findings of cirrhosis (ascited and nodular appearing liver) have an increased risk for developing _______
HCC
Which of the following is most likely etiology of HCC?
HCC
Which of the following is not a cancer of the testicles A Choriocarcinoma B Hamartoma
Hamartoma
Which of the following is the most common location for focal pancreatitis to occur?
Head
A condition when both the uterine cavity and vagina are filled with blood. The obstruction is frequently associated with the presence of an imperforate hymen, common in young girls.
Hematometrocolpos
What is an inherited disease characterized by disproportionate absorption of dietary iron?
Hemochromotosis
Which of the following is an inflammatory vascular disease seen mostly in children that is associated with acute renal failure, vasculitis and purple spots on the skin?
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
All of the following are part of the portal triad except A. hepatic artery B. Portal Vein C. Intrahepatic duct D. Hepatic Vein
Hepatic Vein
Which of the following would be most likely caused by drinking parasitic contaminated water?
Hepatic amebic abscess
Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hepatic veins? a. Occlusion of the hepatic veins is seen with Budd-Chiari syndrome b. Hepatic veins increase in size as they approach the diaphragm c. Enlargement of the hepatic veins is seen in right-sided heart abnormalities d. Hepatic veins have a monophasic blood flow pattern
Hepatic veins have a monophasic blood flow pattern (triphasic blood flow)
A 14 month old male with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and clinical history of a palpable abdominal mass, elevated AFP level and anorexia. Which of the following liver masses would most likely be discovered in this patient?
Hepatoblastoma
In the presence of a molar pregnancy, HcG will be high low
High
During the menstrual and proliferative phases of the menstrual cycle, normal ovarian flow is said to be
High resistant
The sonographic findings of a 30 week gestation include anophthalmia and a medium cleft lip. These findings would most likely be associated with which of the following?
Holoprosencephaly
Which of the following is associated with Echinococus granulosus>
Hydatid liver cyst
What is considered to be the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram?
Hydronephrosis
A 40 YO female long-time smoker presents to the sonography department for a renal sonogram with palpable left upper quadrant mass, weight loss and gross hematuria. A heterogeneous mass is noted in the upper pole of the left kidney. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Hypernephroma (Renal cell carcinoma)
The most common cause of vesicoureteral reflux disease in children is
Incompetent valve at the ureterovesicular junction
What is the most common benign childhood liver tumor?
Infantile hemangioendothelioma
Where is the prostate located?
Inferior to the urinary bladder, between the symphysis pubis and rectum
Endometrium displays a start contrast in echogenicity between the functional and basal layer. The basal layer appears echogenic, while the functional layer appears hypoechoic. Endo thickness is 7.5mm. What phase of the endo cycle
Late proliferative
Which of the following would be considered a hammock-shaped pelvic muscle group located between the coccyx and pubis?
Levator ani muscle
Which of the following would be most likely to predispose a patient to develop an abdominal aortic aneurysm and is described as a disorder of the connective tissue characterized by the tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency?
Marfan Syndrome
Which of the following would be most likely to predispose a patient to develop an abdominal aortic aneurysm, and is described as a disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency?
Marfan syndrome
A fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys
Meckel-Gruber syndrome
What segment of the liver may also be referred to as the quadrate lobe?
Medial segment of the left lobe
Which of the following structures contains the rete testis?
Mediastinum testes
Which of the following best describes the appearance of a Grade II placenta?
Moderate indentations in the chorionic plate with "comma-like" calcification in the placental substance
Incomplete fusion, partial fusion or agenesis of which of the following will result in an anatomic variant of the uterus, cervix and/or vagina
Mullerian ducts
Which of the following would not be a typical sonographic finding consistent with the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis? A. Renal enlargement B. Focal areas of altered echotexture C. Normal renal architecture D. Multiple cysts replacing the renal parenchyma
Multiple cysts replacing the renal parenchyma
Ultrasound of 4 yo with hematuria, most common malignant pediatric renal mass
Nephroblastoma
Which of the following is not a renal tumor? A. Neuroblastome B. Hamartoma
Neuroblastoma
Cloacal exstrophy may also be referred to as __________. There is an omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus and spina bifida.
OEIS complex
Which of the following statements is true of omphaloceles?
Omphaloceles have a strong association with chromosomal abnormalities
This patient presents with purulent vaginal discharge, pelvic pain and leukocytosis. What if the most likely diagnosis? Sonographic findings irregular borders of the ovaries and uterus with distended fallopian tubes.
PID
What is a common clinical finding in a patient with placenta previa?
Painless vaginal bleeding
What is the most common location of the gastrinoma?
Pancreas
What salivary glands are located anterior to the ears?
Parotid glands
Trisomy 13
Patau syndrome
Abnormality including ectopic cordis, omphalocele, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect and pericardial defect.
Pentalogy of Cantrell
Which of the following would be the most likely location of prostatic cancer
Peripheral zone
Which of the following masses is most often associated with uncontrollable hypertension
Pheochromocytoma
Which of the following masses is most often associated with uncontrollable hypertension?
Pheochromocytoma
Delayed postpartum bleeding would be caused by all of the following except: A. retained placenta b. placenta percreata c. retained products
Placenta percreta
Tuberous sclerosis is associated with all of the following except: Angiomylipomas Prune Belly syndrome
Prune Belly syndrome
What is inflammation of the breast that is related to pregnancy
Puerperal mastitis
Upon sonographic analysis of a 31-week fetus, you visualize an echogenic, triangular-shaped mass within the fetal chest. Which of the following would most likely result in this manifestation?
Pulmonary sequestration
Which of the following is an inflammatory mass that would most likely be discovered in the liver of a symptomatic patient following a bout of appendicitis?
Pyogenic hepatic abscess
Whih of the following is an inflammatory mass that would most likely be discovered in the liver of a symptomatic patient following a bout of appendicitis?
Pyogenic hepatic abscess
What specialized tissue of the spleen contains red blood cells and macrophages?
Red pulp
What enzyme produced by the kidneys helps to regulate blood pressure?
Renin
What disease is associated with migraine medication use and characterized by the buildup of fibrous tissue within the retroperiteum and a mass that involves the abdominal aorta, IVC, uterus and sacrum?
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
What structure can be used to separate the right lobe into anterior and posterior segments?
Right hepatic vein
The typical position for scanning the spleen is
Right lateral decubitus
Which of the following would not be used to separate the right hepatic lobe from the left hepatic lobe?
Right portal vein
Which of the following is another name for Morrison pouch
Right subhepatic space
___________ are more frequently discovered in female fetuses, typically appear as a complex or solid mass extending posteriorly from the distal fetal spine and may become malignant.
Sacroccygeal teratoma
Which laboratory value would be most likely elevated in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma
Serum lactate dehydrogenase
Which laboratory value would be most likely elevated in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma?
Serum lactate dehydrogenase
What abnormality would result in a postprandial high-resistance waveform pattern in the superior mesenteric artery?
Small bowel ischemia
A 58 year-old female patient presents to the sonography department for a renal sonogram with a history of chronic renal failure. Which of the following sonographic findings would be the most likely diagnosis?
Small, echogenic kidneys
An elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level is associated with all of the following except:
Spina Bifida occulta
What is the typical location of an accessory spleen?
Splenic hilum
Which of the following best describes the proper technique for obtaining the nuchal thickness measurements?
Starting in the axial plane at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum and angling coronally to include the cerebellum and occipital bone
The syndrome associated with polycystic ovary disease is called polycystic ovarian syndrome or ___________, which is characterized by amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity.
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
What is the name for the main duct of the parotid gland?
Stenson duct
Which of the following structures is not considered to be a retroperitoneal organ? A. IVC B. Stomach C. Ovaries D. Uterus
Stomach
Sonographic image of tuberous sclerosis
TS
What is the most common location of the adrenal rest tumor?
Testicle
Which of the following would best describe the cloaca?
The cloaca is the embryonic structure that develops into the rectum and urogenital sinus
Which of the following would best describe the cloaca?
The cloaca is the embryonic structure that develops into the rectum and urogenital sinus.
Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hepatic artery
The normal high resistance flow pattern of the hepatic artery can be noted with Doppler imaging
Which of the following is true concerning the Weigert-Meyer rule for complete duplicated renal collecting systems and ureters?
The upper pole moiety is prone to obstruction, while the lower pole moiety is prone to reflux.
What is the most abundant hormone produced by the thyroid?
Thyroxine
What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in prepubertal boys
Torsion of the appendix testis
A 5 year old male patient presents to the sonography department for a left hip sonogram complaining of leg pain, irritability and a low-grade fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Transient synovitis
Which of the following is not a cancer of the testicle
Transitional cell carcinoma
Which of the following is not a cancer of the testicle? Medullary Carcinoma Transitional cell carcinoma Papillary Carcinoma
Transitional cell carcioma
Which of the following would be difficult to recognize in the four-chamber view of the fetal heart? a. Ventricular septal defect b. transposition of the great vessels c. hypoplastic left heart syndrome d. atrioventricular septal defects
Transposition of the great vessels
________ is a systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs, it also seen in association with renal cystic disease and angiomyolipomas in the kidneys
Tuberous sclerosis
Which of the following is described as the development of adhesions within the pelvis that leads to the fusion of the ovaries and the tubes
Tubo-ovarian complex
What is the name of the dense fibrous layer of tissue closely applied to each teticle
Tunica albuginea
Which of the following structures would not be identified at the correct level of the AC? Aorta Spine Umbilical Artery Stomach
Umbilical artery
Which of the following locations would be the most common location for a urinary stone to become lodged?
Ureterovesicular junction
During a sonographic examination of the urinary tract, you note that the ureter and renal collecting system are dilated on the right side. The urinary bladder appears normal. Which of the following would be the most likely place that an obstruction has occurred?
Uretervesicular junction
What system has the primary function of maintaining chemical and water balance, regulating blood pressure and filtering waste products from the blood?
Urinary system
Which of the following would be considered to be an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?
Uterine Leiomyoma
Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in the complete duplication of the uterus, cervix and vagina
Uterus didelphys
Upon ultrasound interrogation of the fetal brain, a midline anechoic tubular mass is noted. Color doppler reveals irregular flow within the mass. These sonographic findings are consistence with _________
Vein of Galen aneurysm
A small amount of fluid is discovered between the urinary bladder and uterus during a routine sonographic examination of the female pelvis. What is the name of this space?
Vesicouterine pouch
Which of the following is not a typical clinical feature of Grave disease? A. Bulging eyes B. Nervousness C. Weight Gain D. Hair Loss
Weight gain (weight loss is correct)
What is the name for the main duct of the submandibular gland?
Wharton duct
What congenital disorder results in excess copper accumulation in the body, thus disrupting liver function? a. von Gierke disease b. Addison disease c. Wilson disease d. Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Wilson Disease
Which of the following is not a zone of the adrenal cortex
Zona matriculata
With bilateral ___________, the adrenal glands will have a parallel, flattened orientation within the fetal abdomen and color Doppler show no renal artery branches
absent renal arteries
Which of the following would be considered to be the most common cause of acute renal failure
acute tubular necrosis
The cancer of glandular origin that may be discovered in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract is referred to as ________
adenocarcinoma
Which of the following is typically not a cause of female infertility
adenomyosis
Colpocephaly is a cranium finding most often seen with:
agenesis of the corpus callosum
Which of the following liver abnormalities does not typically appear as a solid, hyperechoic mass?
amebic hepatic abscess
Which of the following is a clinical finding suspicious of Asherman syndrome?
amenorrhea
Which of the following is an enzyme, produced by the pancreas, which is used to digest carbs
amylase
Which of the following hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex? a. norephinephrine b. ephinephrine c. androgens
androgens
Which of the following would not increase the likelihood of developing endometrial carcinoma? a. nulliparity b. anorexia c. unopposed estrogen therapy d. use of tamoxifen
anorexia
The sonographic analysis of a 22-year old female pelvis reveals that the uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix. The uterine position is referred to as
anteflexion
Occlusion of the hepatic veins is seen with Budd-Chiari syndrome
anterior to the main portal vein and posterior to the common bile duct
Which of the following is not a region of the stomach? a. body b. fundus c. pylorus d. antrum
antrum
The "thyroid in the belly" sign is associated with
appendicitis
Which of the following would typically not be a cause of focal gallbladder wall thickening? A. polyp B. ascites
ascites
A 32-year-old male patient presents to the sonography department for a liver sonogram with a history of a low grade fever, RUQ tenderness. Leukocystosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase and recent travel to middle east. What mass would be most likely discovered
hydatid liver cyst
The form of hydrops associated with Rh sensitization is
immune
Mycotic aneurysms are associated with
infection
Which of the following is the most common location for a uterine leiomyoma? a. Submucosal b. intramural c. pedunculated d. subserosal
intramural
What does the thyroid use to create its hormones?
iodine
Dandy-Walker malformation
is a development anomaly characterized by hypoplasia/absence of the cerebellar vermis,cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle with posterior fossa enlargement. Patients often present during infancy with developmental delay and progressive skull enlargement. Non-communicating hydrocephalus is also possible.
with portal hypertension, this recanalizes to form a portosystemic venous collateral. It shunts blood away from the liver and into the inferior epigastric veins.
left portal vein
Sonographically, a thickened, heterogeneous endometrium is noted in a patient who complains of pelvic pain and dyspareunia. Which of the following clinical findings would be most suggestive of endometritis and not adenomyosis? a. dyspareunia b. leukocytosis c. menometrorrhagia d. fever
leukocytosis
The left umbilical vein collapses after birth and becomes the _________
ligamentum teres
Abnormal elevation in which of the following serum laboratory test appears to be more indicative of acute pancreatitis
lipase
Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe
longus colli muscles
Days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle correlate with a. the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle b. luteal phase of the ovarian cycle c. follicular phase of the ovarian cycle b. menstrual phase
luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
Which of the following is considered to be the most common malignancy of the spleen? a. angiosarcoma b. lymphoma c. hemangioma d. leukemia
lymphoma
Which of the following would be defined as a structural abnormality that results from unusual development? anomaly malformation trisomy syndrome
malformation
Sonographically, several abdominal lymph nodes are noted adjacent to the abdominal aorta. Which of the following would be the most indicative of an abnormal lymph node? A. measurement of 2 cm b. oval shape c. echogenic hilum d. hypoechoic
measurement of 2 cm
Which of the following structures contains the rete testis
mediastinum testes
Stein-Leventhal syndrome is characterized by all of the following except a. amenorrhea b. menorrhagia c. hirsutism d. obesity
menorrhagia
The sensitivity of the associated cranial findings at detecting spina bifida is said to be a. more than 99% b. less than 50% c. approximately 77% d. approximately 65%
more than 99%
Which of the following is a hallmark of abdominal sonographic finding associated with tuberous sclerosis?
multiple angiomyolipomas
With mild acute pancreatitis, the pancreas will most likely appear sonographically a. hypoechic b. small c. normal d. echogenic
normal
The _________ diameter is a measurement that is performed from the lateral wall of the orbit to the medial wall of the same orbit
ocular diameter
The measurement that is performed from the lateral wall of the orbit to the medial wall of the same orbit is the
ocular diameter
The patient presented to the emergency room with a history of vaginal bleeding, hypertension and excessive vomiting. HcG was markedly elevated. Within the uterus, a large complex mass with cystic components was identified, what is the most likely diagnosis
theca lutein cyst
What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in prepubertal boys>
torsion of the appendix testis
What structure divides the scrotum internally?
tunica dartos
The portion of the peritoneum that is closely applied to each organ is referred to as
visceral peritoneum
Which of the following is not another name for an accessory spleen: a. Splenunculus b. wandering spleen
wandering spleen