AART Review

Which of the following would be the most likely sonographic appearance of the kidneys with ARPKD?

Bilateral, enlarged, echogenic kidneys, with a loss of corticomedullary differentiation

Which of the following masses would be most likely misdiagnosed as a pedunculated uterine leiomyoma?

Brenner tumor

A 59 year old patient with known HCC presents to the sonography department for a liver sonogram with upper abdominal pain and splenomegaly. Upon sonographic examination of the liver, the hepatic veins are not visualized and color Doppler yield evidence of the absent flow in the area of the hepatic veins. Which of the following would be the most likely cause for these clinical and sonographic findings?

Budd-Chiari syndrome

What prostatic zone is located at the base of the prostate?

Central Zone

Caroli disease is a congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilation of the intrahepatic ducts. What is the sonographic sign associated with Caroli disease?

Central dot sign

Which of the following would typically not be a clinical feature of choledocholithiasis?

Elevated creatinine

Which of the following is he most common cause of portal hypertension

Cirrhosis

Which of the following would be considered to be the most common fetal female genital abnormality

Clitoromegaly

Which of the following locations is the most common location for a gallstone to become lodged and consequently cause obstructive jaundice?

Common bile duct segment near the ampulla of Vater

Which of the following typically has a high-resistant waveform pattern?

Common iliac artery

Which of the following techniques is used to Sonographically identify bowel abnormalities

Compression sonography

Which of the following is also referred to as primary hyperaldosteronism and results in high levels of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Conn syndrome

What are the paired linear muscular formations that attach the diaphragm to the anterolateral surfaces of the upper lumbar vertebrae?

Crura

Which abnormality results from high levels of cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex?

Cushing syndrome

All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except A. Splenic artery B. Common hepatic Artery C. Cystic artery D. Left gastric artery

Cystic artery

What is the most transrectal sonographic appearance of the seminal vesicles?

Hypoechoic structures between the bladder and the prostate

Which of the following locations is the most common location for an AAA?

Infrarenal

Which small segments of the renal arteries travel between the renal pyramids?

Interlobar

What structure provides the vascular supply to the penis?

Internal pudendal artery

What sonographic image demonstrates intrahepatic ductal dilatation

Intrahepatic ductal dilatation

The patient is a 1 year old male patient who complained of intermittent, severe abdominal pain and vomiting. He also had red currant jelly stool. Which of the following is most likely indicating?

Intussusception

Which of the following statements best describes the chorion frondosum?

It is the decidualized tissue at the implantation site containing the chorionic villi

Which of the following variant of gallbladder shape would be depicted as a prominent crease in the area of the gallbladder neck

Junctional Fold

Which of the following would be least likely to Sonographically appear as an enlarged kidney? A. Crossed fused ectopia B. Junctional parenchymal defect C. Compensatory hypertrophy D. Duplicated collecting system

Junctional parenchymal defect

Which of the following is a childhood disease associated with gallbladder hydrops and vasculitis?

Kawaski disease

_______ are the most common manifestation of cholangiocarcinoma. Patient complains of RUQ pain, pruritus, and unexplained weight loss. It is located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts.

Klatskin tumor

A _____________ is a malignant ovarian tumor that metastasized from the gastrointestinal tract, most frequently the stomach

Krukenberg Tumor

A _______ is not seen on a sagittal image of the testicle, it would most likely appear as a hypoechoic mass within the testicle

Seminoma

What two structures form the ejaculatory ducts?

Seminal vesicles and ductus deferens

A 33 year old male patient presented to the sonography department with a history of painless testicular enlargement. Based on the sonographic findings, which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

Seminoma

Wat is defined as a group of clinically observable findings that exist together and allow for classification

Syndrome

Which of the following statements is not true of theca lutein cysts? A. Theca Lutein cyst are large cysts that are frequently unilateral B. Theca lutein cyst are associated with nausea and vomiting C. Can cause ovarian torsion D. Found in elevated levels of HcG

Theca Lutein cyst are large cysts that are frequently unilateral (bilateral frequently)

This type of ovarian abnormality would be most likely seen in a patient suffering from gestational trophoblastic disease or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?

Theca lutein cyst

What is the most likely effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy upon the sonographic appearance of the endometrium?

Thickness the endometrium to a variable degree

Which of the following would be least likely associated with an increased fetal nuchal translucency measurement in the 1st trimester

Trisomy 13 (patau Syndrome)

Which of the following would be most likely associated with the sonographic findings seen in this image?

Trisomy 18

Sonographic features that include a strawberry-shaped skull, choroid plexus cysts, club feet and omphalocele are found in _____________

Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)

Sonographic findings of bilateral choroid plexus cysts are found in the presence of

Trisomy 18 Edwards syndrome

Image of an enlarged prostate, most likely suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Hydroceles are most often located

between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

Measurement that is made from the lateral margin of one orbit to the lateral margin of the other orbit

binocular diameter

Which of the following would be considered the least accurate measurement in the estimation of gestation in the presence of dolichocephaly?

biparietal diameter

Parathyroid glands serve as a _______ regulator for the body

calcium

The appendix is attached to the

cecum

Which of the following is considered to be the most common female malignancy in women younger than 50?

cervical carcinoma

Which of the following statement is true concerning the normal prepubertal uterus?

cervix is larger than the uterine fundus

A bladder flap hematoma may result from

cesarean section

Sonographic findings of a __________________ include a fusiform cystic mass in the area of the porta hepatis and biliary dilatation.

choledochal cyst

Which of the following best describes the Achilles tendon

connects the gastrocnemius to the posterior surface of the calcaneus

In what structure is the penile urethra housed?

corpus spongiosum

Which of the following would be the least likely to contribute to a false positive diagnosis of hydronephrosis a. overdistention of the urinary bladder b. parapelvic cysts c. extrarenal pelvis d. cortical renal cyst

cortical renal cyst

The spleen removes irregular red blood cells from the bloodstream through a process referred to as

culling

The term "thanatophoric" means:

death-bearing

Which of the following could not result from monozygotic twinning? a. dichorionic diamniotic b. dichorionic monoamniotic c. monochorionic diamniotic d. monochorionic monoamniotic

dichorionic diamniotic

Which of the following would be considered the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary system?

duplicated collecting system

Which of the following is typically not a clinical manifestation of endometrial polyps? a. intermenstrual bleeding b. dyspareunia c. menometrorrhagia d. asymptomatic

dyspareunia

Which of the following would not be associated clinical finding of an intramural uterine leiomyoma? A. dyspareunia b. urinary frequency c. pelvic pressure d. palpable mass

dyspareunia

Which of the following would typically not be a clinical feature of choledocholithiasis? a. elevated bilirubin b. alkaline phosphatase c. jaundice d. elevated creatinine

elevated creatinine

Which of the following is not true of hepatic cysts? a. asymptomatic b. elevated liver function test are often caused by hepatic cysts

elevated liver function test are often caused by hepatic cysts (they don't alter)

Which of the following is not a common fluid collection following a rental transplant? a. lymphocele b. urinoma c. empyema d. hematoma

empyema

The use of an intrauterine device has been linked with an increased risk of all of the following except: a. ectopic pregnancy b. endometriosis c. PID d. spontaneous abortions

endometriosis

Which of the following hormones may actually cause a cavernous hemangioma of the liver to increase in size? a. aldosterone b. estrogen c. cortisol

estrogen

Which of the following is not a typical clinical feature of Cushing syndrome? a. excessive thirst b. thinning arms and legs c. hirsutism d. hypertension

excessive thirst

Demise of a twin in the second trimester with maceration is called a vanishing twin a fetus papyraceous an acardiac twin twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome a conjoined twin

fetus papyraceous

Which of the following groups of signs and symptoms establish Carcot triad and may be noted with cholangitis? a. tar-like stool, RUQ pain and vomiting of bile b. fever, RUQ pain and jaundice c. RUQ pain, vomiting, bleeding

fever, RUQ pain and jaundice

What tumor is often termed the "stealth" lesion of the liver

focal nodular hyperplasia

The narrowest part of the sound beam is

focus

A history of histoplasmosis, tuberculosis or sarcoidosis would increase the likelihood of discovering

granulomas

A postmenopausal women presents to ultrasound for vaginal spotting. Which of the following ovarian tumors could possibly be a cause? a. ovarian masses do not cause vaginal bleeding b. granulosa cell tumor c. endometrioma

granulosa cell tumor

What measurement would be the most indicative of thyroid enlargement

greater than 10mm

Which of the following parts of the pancreas is located right lateral to superior mesenteric vein and anterior to IVC

head

What hepatic abnormality may be discovered in the immunocompromised patient? a. amebic hepatic abscess b. hepatic candidiasis

hepatic candidiasis

Which of the following is considered both intersegmental and interlobar?

hepatic veins

Which of the following clinical findings would be least likely for the patient presenting with long-standing cirrhosis? a. weight loss b. hepatomegaly c. fatigue d. jaundice

hepatomegaly

What is the arrow in this image identifying in this young patient complaining of the sudden onset of leg and knee pain?

hip joint effusion

A 29 year old patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of first-trimester vaginal bleeding. Which of the following would be least likely to increase the likelihood of this patient having an ectopic pregnancy

history of a blighted ovum

Transverse vie of the lower pole of the kidneys in the midline, what is demonstrated

horseshoe kidney

The aorta, the largest artery in the body, originates at the Right Ventricle of the heart Right Atrium of the heart Left Ventricle of the heart Left atrium of the heart

left ventricle of the heart

A 42 year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of a myomectomy and uterine artery embolization. These two procedures are used to treat:

leiomyoma

The _______________ is the malignant counterpart of the normally benign leiomyoma. This mass is characterized by a rapid increase in growth, found postmenopausal women.

leiomyosarcoma

Normal bowel wall thickness should measure

less than 5 mm

A 54 year old patient whose clinical history includes a long history of smoking presents to the sonography department for an abdominal sonogram. His order states that he has a palpable gallbladder and jaundice. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is most often discovered in the

pancreatic body and tail

What pancreatic congenital anomaly results from a shortened pancreatic duct and could result in chronic pancreatitits?

pancreatic divisum

Which prostatic zone is the largest

peripheral zone

Delayed postpartum bleeding would be caused by all of the following except: Placenta percreta endometritis retained product of conception

placenta percreat

Which of the following is often noted in conjunction with lung consolidation?

pleural effusion

What is this image identifying in the liver sonogram

pneumobilia

Which of the following is not associated with Klinefelter syndrome? a. polycorchidism b. gynecomastia c. small testicles d. infertility

polycorchidism

The endocrinological ovarian disorder linked with infertility and chronic anovulation is

polycystic ovary disease

Which of the following abnormalities is associated with the development of abdominal varicosities in the area of the splenic hilum, renal hilum and gastroesophageal junction

portal hypertension

Which of the following is the most common cause of splenomegaly?

portal hypertension

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

posterior surface of the bladder

Tuberous sclerosis is associated with all of the following except: a. epilepsy b. angiomyolipomas c. prune belly syndrome d. renal cystic disease

prune belly syndrome

Which of the following is superior extension of the thyroid isthmus?

pyramidal lobe

Which of the following would be least likely associated with appendix? A. Rebound tenderness b. fecalith c. RLQ pain d. red currant jelly stools

red currant jelly stools

potter's syndrome is associated with what:

renal agenesis, adnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia and limb abnormalities

Transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney is most often located in the _________

renal pelvis

In the differentiation of renal masses, which of the following would be the most helpful sonographic feature of a renal abscess?

reverberation artifact

Enlargement of the hepatic veins may be associated with

right-sided heart failure

Which of the following abnormalities would be least likely to result in splenomegaly? a. lymphoma b. leukemia c. sarcoidosis d. Epstein-Barr infection

sarcoidosis

Which of the following would typically not be a predisposing condition or risk factor that would increase the likelihood of developing cholelithiasis? a. sarcoidosis b. total parenteral nutrition c. sickle cell disease d. pregnancy

sarcoidosis

The first structure visualized within the gestational sac is the _________

secondary yolk sac

All of the following are branches of the uterine artery except: a. segmental b. arcuate c. spiral d. straight

segmental

The most commong form of testicular carcinoma, will appear as a solid hypoechoic mass, can be painless is _____

seminoma

The area located between the anterior wall of the urinary bladder and symphysis pubis that contains extraperitoneal fat is referred to as the

space of Retzius

While scanning the epigastric region to visualize the pancreas in the transverse scan plane, you visualize a tubular structure that travels across the midline of the abdomen near the level of the pancreas. What could it be

splenic artery

Which of the following vessels can be used to mark the posterior border of the pancreatic tail and body

splenic vein

What is the term for the ectopic implantation of splenic tissue following splenic rupture?

splenosis

Which of the following is not a function of the liver? a. storage of bile b. blood reservoir c. storage of minerals and vitamins

storage of bile

What is the most likely location of the mass noted distorting the endometrium?

submucosal

What is another name for the adrenal glands?

suprarenal glands

Another name for clubfoot

talipes equinovarus

Sonographically, cystitis is diagnosed when

the urinary bladder wall is thickened

Which of the following measurements would be the minimum that the normal renal cortex should measure?

10 mm

The depth of the cisterna magna should not measure greater than

10mm

The normal thickness of the urinary bladder in its distended stated should not exceed

4mm

The kidneys initially develop within the pelvis and ascend into their normal position by as early as a. 4 week gestation b. 6 week gestation c. 9 week gestation d. 13 week gestation

9 week gestation

__________ syndrome is a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs including the skull, tongue and liver

Beckwith-Wiedemann

Which of the following congenital syndromes has a noted tendency to developing the hepatoblastoma?

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

What is the most common parotid gland mass?

Pleomorphic adenoma

Which of the following is not associated with Klinefelter syndrome

Polyorchidism

Which of the following is not a true statement concerning varicoceles? a. Primary varicoceles are most often found on the right side b. Varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility c. Diagnose with color Doppler

Primary varicoceles are most often found on the right side (left side)

Which of the following would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a fibroid?

A solid, hypoechoic mass that produces posterior shadowing

Which of the following statements is not true concerning ovarian torsion? A. Ovarian torsion occurs most often on the left side B. Torsion of the ovary has been detected in t he fetus C. Most common cause being ovarian cyst of mass D. Ovarian hyperstimulation can lead to torsion

A. Ovarian torsion occurs most often on the left side (common on right)

A 44 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a renal sonogram complaining of decreased renal function, hypertension, and several urinary tract infections. Sonographically, both kidneys appear enlarged and there appears to be multiple cortical anechoic masses that have good through transmission bilaterally. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis

ADPKD

Condition where true hepatic cyst encountered in middle age, hepatic cysts are asymptomatic, do not alter liver function. They are often multiple and might not always conform to the sonographic appearance of a simple cyst. Clusters of cysts may be noted which may suggest a complex appearance

ADPKD

A sonographic examination of a 20 week fetus is highly suspicious for bilateral renal agenesis. Sonographically, the adrenal glands appear flattened and the renal area is not seen well secondary to anhydramnios. What other sonographic finding would confirm this diagnosis?

Absent renal arteries

A 19 year old female patient presents to the ER with severe RUQ pain and leukocytosis. A gallbladder sonogram is ordered to investigate for signs of gallbladder disease. The patient complains of pain directly over the gallbladder. Sonographically, the gallbladder wall appears striated and measures 8mm. There is a small amount of fluid adjacent to the gallbladder as well. The common bile duct measures 7mm. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis>

Acalculous cholecystitis

Upon sonographic examination of a 22-week fetus, you discover evidence of micromelia, absent mineralization of the skull, spine and pelvis, and polyhydramnios. Based on the sonographic findings, which of the following is most likely?

Achondrogenesis

Which cystic renal disease can result from chronic hemodialysis? A. Autosomal recessive polycystic renal disease B. Acquired renal cystic disease C. MCKD D. ADPRD

Acquired renal cystic disease

Which of following is most often associated with Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses?

Adenomyomatosis

Which of the following would be best described as ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium of the uterus?

Adenomyosis

What is the most common location of the pheochromocytoma?

Adrenal gland

Which of the following maternal laboratory values would be elevated in the presence of Trisomy 18? A. Alpha-fetoprotien B. HcG C. Estriol D. All levels would be descreased

All levels would be decreased

Extensive subcutaneous edema and thickening of the nuchal translucency. These findings are most often associated with Turner syndrome, fetal hydrops, aneuploidy, trisomy 21, 18 and 13.

Amniotic band syndrome

A 37 Y/O patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. The sonographic findings include a single live intrauterine pregnancy. An analysis of the fetal heads reveals bulging eyes and absence of cranial vault.

Anencephaly

Which of the following produces thyroid-stimulating hormone?

Anterior pituitary gland

Which of the following is associated with a parasitic roundworm that can be found within the biliary tree?

Ascariasis

Which of the following laboratory values would be most likely elevated in the presence of an ovarian cystadenocarcinoma?

CA-125

A RUQ sonogram is ordered for a 4 day old newborn female patient. She has signs of jaundice, irritability suggesting abdominal pain and fever. The sonographic findings include a fusiform cystic mass in the area of the porta hepatis and biliary dilation is noted. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Choledochal cyst

Which of the following tumors would be associated with an elevation in HcG

Choriocarcinoma

In the fetus, which of the following is responsible for creating cerebrospinal fluid?

Choroid plexus

Which of the following is not typically a sonographic feature of portal hypertension?

Decrease size of the SMV

The sonographic investigation of an 18 week fetus reveals malposition of the heart and an anechoic mass noted adjacent to the fetal heart in the four chamber heart view. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Diaphragmatic hernia

Trisomy 21

Down syndrome

What is the structure that is surgically interrupted to prevent the transport of sperm from the testicles?

Ductus deferens

In which of the following is the right ventricle contiguous with the right atrium, a finding referred to as an atrialized right ventricle?

Ebstein anomaly

What is the most likely echogenicity of the serosal layer of bowel?

Echogenic

A 39 yo patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of tubal ligation, vaginal bleeding & positive pregnancy test

Ectopic pregnancy

Bilateral choroid plexus cysts are findings that have a strong association with _________

Edwards syndrome

The sonographic findings of a 22 week fetus include micrognatia, bilateral choroid plexus cysts and strawberry-shaped skull. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

Edwards syndrome

Trisomy 18

Edwards syndrome

Which of the sequela of acute cholecystitis would be most likely discovered in a diabetic patient?

Emphysematous cholecystitis

Which of the following renal infections is found most often in the diabetic or immunocompromised patient?

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

Which of the following is associated with polycystic ovary disease?

Endometrial carcinoma

Which hormone is not produced by the adrenal cortex? A. Androgens B. Epinephrine C. Aldosterone D. Cortisol

Epinephrine (produced by adrenal medulla)

Which hormone encourages the induction of salt and water retention, and stimulates contractile motions to occur within the uterine myometrium and the fallopian tubes?

Estrogen

What is the condition described as the return of the spleen's hematopoietic function in cases of severe anemia?

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

All of the following could result in an inaccurate biophysical profile scoring except: A. An overactive fetus B. Fetal Hiccups C. Sleeping Fetus

Fetal Hiccups

Which of the following groups of signs and symptoms establish Charcot triad and may be noted with cholangitis? A. tar-like stool, RUQ pain and vomiting of bile B. Fever, RUQ pain and jaundice C. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea D. Epigastric pain, gallbladder hydrops and bloody stool

Fever, RUQ pain and jaundice

What is a rare, pediatric tumor of the neck that is most commonly found within the sternocleidomastoid muscle due to possible malposition in utero

Fibromatosis Colli

What is a rare, pediatric tumor of the neck that is most commonly found within the sternocleidomastoid muscle due to possible malposition in utero?

Fibromatosis colli

What gallbladder developmental variance may lead to an obstruction in the blood flow to the gallbladder, thus producing significant pain?

Floating Gallbladder

What Sonographically identifiable abnormality will occur to the coronary vein with portal hypertension?

Flow will be toward the esophagus and the vessel will measure greater than 6 mm

Which hormone is responsible for the creation of multiple follicles on the ovary during the first half of the menstrual cycle?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Which of the following may lead to a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia, in which case the entire liver may herniate into the fetal chest?

Foramen of Morgagni hernia

Which of the following would typically be considered a benign abdominal mass?

Gastrinoma

What may be noted between the left lobe of the liver and the abdominal aorta in the sagittal imaging plane?

Gastroesophageal junction

Fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney

Gerota fascia

Which of the following is described as the fibrous covering of the liver?

Glisson capsule

Which of the following would be described as a small benign tumor consisting of group of inflammatory cells?

Granuloma

Sonographic findings of cirrhosis (ascited and nodular appearing liver) have an increased risk for developing _______

HCC

Which of the following is most likely etiology of HCC?

HCC

Which of the following is not a cancer of the testicles A Choriocarcinoma B Hamartoma

Hamartoma

Which of the following is the most common location for focal pancreatitis to occur?

Head

A condition when both the uterine cavity and vagina are filled with blood. The obstruction is frequently associated with the presence of an imperforate hymen, common in young girls.

Hematometrocolpos

What is an inherited disease characterized by disproportionate absorption of dietary iron?

Hemochromotosis

Which of the following is an inflammatory vascular disease seen mostly in children that is associated with acute renal failure, vasculitis and purple spots on the skin?

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

All of the following are part of the portal triad except A. hepatic artery B. Portal Vein C. Intrahepatic duct D. Hepatic Vein

Hepatic Vein

Which of the following would be most likely caused by drinking parasitic contaminated water?

Hepatic amebic abscess

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hepatic veins? a. Occlusion of the hepatic veins is seen with Budd-Chiari syndrome b. Hepatic veins increase in size as they approach the diaphragm c. Enlargement of the hepatic veins is seen in right-sided heart abnormalities d. Hepatic veins have a monophasic blood flow pattern

Hepatic veins have a monophasic blood flow pattern (triphasic blood flow)

A 14 month old male with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and clinical history of a palpable abdominal mass, elevated AFP level and anorexia. Which of the following liver masses would most likely be discovered in this patient?

Hepatoblastoma

In the presence of a molar pregnancy, HcG will be high low

High

During the menstrual and proliferative phases of the menstrual cycle, normal ovarian flow is said to be

High resistant

The sonographic findings of a 30 week gestation include anophthalmia and a medium cleft lip. These findings would most likely be associated with which of the following?

Holoprosencephaly

Which of the following is associated with Echinococus granulosus>

Hydatid liver cyst

What is considered to be the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram?

Hydronephrosis

A 40 YO female long-time smoker presents to the sonography department for a renal sonogram with palpable left upper quadrant mass, weight loss and gross hematuria. A heterogeneous mass is noted in the upper pole of the left kidney. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Hypernephroma (Renal cell carcinoma)

The most common cause of vesicoureteral reflux disease in children is

Incompetent valve at the ureterovesicular junction

What is the most common benign childhood liver tumor?

Infantile hemangioendothelioma

Where is the prostate located?

Inferior to the urinary bladder, between the symphysis pubis and rectum

Endometrium displays a start contrast in echogenicity between the functional and basal layer. The basal layer appears echogenic, while the functional layer appears hypoechoic. Endo thickness is 7.5mm. What phase of the endo cycle

Late proliferative

Which of the following would be considered a hammock-shaped pelvic muscle group located between the coccyx and pubis?

Levator ani muscle

Which of the following would be most likely to predispose a patient to develop an abdominal aortic aneurysm and is described as a disorder of the connective tissue characterized by the tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency?

Marfan Syndrome

Which of the following would be most likely to predispose a patient to develop an abdominal aortic aneurysm, and is described as a disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency?

Marfan syndrome

A fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys

Meckel-Gruber syndrome

What segment of the liver may also be referred to as the quadrate lobe?

Medial segment of the left lobe

Which of the following structures contains the rete testis?

Mediastinum testes

Which of the following best describes the appearance of a Grade II placenta?

Moderate indentations in the chorionic plate with "comma-like" calcification in the placental substance

Incomplete fusion, partial fusion or agenesis of which of the following will result in an anatomic variant of the uterus, cervix and/or vagina

Mullerian ducts

Which of the following would not be a typical sonographic finding consistent with the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis? A. Renal enlargement B. Focal areas of altered echotexture C. Normal renal architecture D. Multiple cysts replacing the renal parenchyma

Multiple cysts replacing the renal parenchyma

Ultrasound of 4 yo with hematuria, most common malignant pediatric renal mass

Nephroblastoma

Which of the following is not a renal tumor? A. Neuroblastome B. Hamartoma

Neuroblastoma

Cloacal exstrophy may also be referred to as __________. There is an omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus and spina bifida.

OEIS complex

Which of the following statements is true of omphaloceles?

Omphaloceles have a strong association with chromosomal abnormalities

This patient presents with purulent vaginal discharge, pelvic pain and leukocytosis. What if the most likely diagnosis? Sonographic findings irregular borders of the ovaries and uterus with distended fallopian tubes.

PID

What is a common clinical finding in a patient with placenta previa?

Painless vaginal bleeding

What is the most common location of the gastrinoma?

Pancreas

What salivary glands are located anterior to the ears?

Parotid glands

Trisomy 13

Patau syndrome

Abnormality including ectopic cordis, omphalocele, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect and pericardial defect.

Pentalogy of Cantrell

Which of the following would be the most likely location of prostatic cancer

Peripheral zone

Which of the following masses is most often associated with uncontrollable hypertension

Pheochromocytoma

Which of the following masses is most often associated with uncontrollable hypertension?

Pheochromocytoma

Delayed postpartum bleeding would be caused by all of the following except: A. retained placenta b. placenta percreata c. retained products

Placenta percreta

Tuberous sclerosis is associated with all of the following except: Angiomylipomas Prune Belly syndrome

Prune Belly syndrome

What is inflammation of the breast that is related to pregnancy

Puerperal mastitis

Upon sonographic analysis of a 31-week fetus, you visualize an echogenic, triangular-shaped mass within the fetal chest. Which of the following would most likely result in this manifestation?

Pulmonary sequestration

Which of the following is an inflammatory mass that would most likely be discovered in the liver of a symptomatic patient following a bout of appendicitis?

Pyogenic hepatic abscess

Whih of the following is an inflammatory mass that would most likely be discovered in the liver of a symptomatic patient following a bout of appendicitis?

Pyogenic hepatic abscess

What specialized tissue of the spleen contains red blood cells and macrophages?

Red pulp

What enzyme produced by the kidneys helps to regulate blood pressure?

Renin

What disease is associated with migraine medication use and characterized by the buildup of fibrous tissue within the retroperiteum and a mass that involves the abdominal aorta, IVC, uterus and sacrum?

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

What structure can be used to separate the right lobe into anterior and posterior segments?

Right hepatic vein

The typical position for scanning the spleen is

Right lateral decubitus

Which of the following would not be used to separate the right hepatic lobe from the left hepatic lobe?

Right portal vein

Which of the following is another name for Morrison pouch

Right subhepatic space

___________ are more frequently discovered in female fetuses, typically appear as a complex or solid mass extending posteriorly from the distal fetal spine and may become malignant.

Sacroccygeal teratoma

Which laboratory value would be most likely elevated in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma

Serum lactate dehydrogenase

Which laboratory value would be most likely elevated in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma?

Serum lactate dehydrogenase

What abnormality would result in a postprandial high-resistance waveform pattern in the superior mesenteric artery?

Small bowel ischemia

A 58 year-old female patient presents to the sonography department for a renal sonogram with a history of chronic renal failure. Which of the following sonographic findings would be the most likely diagnosis?

Small, echogenic kidneys

An elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level is associated with all of the following except:

Spina Bifida occulta

What is the typical location of an accessory spleen?

Splenic hilum

Which of the following best describes the proper technique for obtaining the nuchal thickness measurements?

Starting in the axial plane at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum and angling coronally to include the cerebellum and occipital bone

The syndrome associated with polycystic ovary disease is called polycystic ovarian syndrome or ___________, which is characterized by amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity.

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

What is the name for the main duct of the parotid gland?

Stenson duct

Which of the following structures is not considered to be a retroperitoneal organ? A. IVC B. Stomach C. Ovaries D. Uterus

Stomach

Sonographic image of tuberous sclerosis

TS

What is the most common location of the adrenal rest tumor?

Testicle

Which of the following would best describe the cloaca?

The cloaca is the embryonic structure that develops into the rectum and urogenital sinus

Which of the following would best describe the cloaca?

The cloaca is the embryonic structure that develops into the rectum and urogenital sinus.

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hepatic artery

The normal high resistance flow pattern of the hepatic artery can be noted with Doppler imaging

Which of the following is true concerning the Weigert-Meyer rule for complete duplicated renal collecting systems and ureters?

The upper pole moiety is prone to obstruction, while the lower pole moiety is prone to reflux.

What is the most abundant hormone produced by the thyroid?

Thyroxine

What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in prepubertal boys

Torsion of the appendix testis

A 5 year old male patient presents to the sonography department for a left hip sonogram complaining of leg pain, irritability and a low-grade fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Transient synovitis

Which of the following is not a cancer of the testicle

Transitional cell carcinoma

Which of the following is not a cancer of the testicle? Medullary Carcinoma Transitional cell carcinoma Papillary Carcinoma

Transitional cell carcioma

Which of the following would be difficult to recognize in the four-chamber view of the fetal heart? a. Ventricular septal defect b. transposition of the great vessels c. hypoplastic left heart syndrome d. atrioventricular septal defects

Transposition of the great vessels

________ is a systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs, it also seen in association with renal cystic disease and angiomyolipomas in the kidneys

Tuberous sclerosis

Which of the following is described as the development of adhesions within the pelvis that leads to the fusion of the ovaries and the tubes

Tubo-ovarian complex

What is the name of the dense fibrous layer of tissue closely applied to each teticle

Tunica albuginea

Which of the following structures would not be identified at the correct level of the AC? Aorta Spine Umbilical Artery Stomach

Umbilical artery

Which of the following locations would be the most common location for a urinary stone to become lodged?

Ureterovesicular junction

During a sonographic examination of the urinary tract, you note that the ureter and renal collecting system are dilated on the right side. The urinary bladder appears normal. Which of the following would be the most likely place that an obstruction has occurred?

Uretervesicular junction

What system has the primary function of maintaining chemical and water balance, regulating blood pressure and filtering waste products from the blood?

Urinary system

Which of the following would be considered to be an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis?

Uterine Leiomyoma

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in the complete duplication of the uterus, cervix and vagina

Uterus didelphys

Upon ultrasound interrogation of the fetal brain, a midline anechoic tubular mass is noted. Color doppler reveals irregular flow within the mass. These sonographic findings are consistence with _________

Vein of Galen aneurysm

A small amount of fluid is discovered between the urinary bladder and uterus during a routine sonographic examination of the female pelvis. What is the name of this space?

Vesicouterine pouch

Which of the following is not a typical clinical feature of Grave disease? A. Bulging eyes B. Nervousness C. Weight Gain D. Hair Loss

Weight gain (weight loss is correct)

What is the name for the main duct of the submandibular gland?

Wharton duct

What congenital disorder results in excess copper accumulation in the body, thus disrupting liver function? a. von Gierke disease b. Addison disease c. Wilson disease d. Von Hippel-Lindau disease

Wilson Disease

Which of the following is not a zone of the adrenal cortex

Zona matriculata

With bilateral ___________, the adrenal glands will have a parallel, flattened orientation within the fetal abdomen and color Doppler show no renal artery branches

absent renal arteries

Which of the following would be considered to be the most common cause of acute renal failure

acute tubular necrosis

The cancer of glandular origin that may be discovered in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract is referred to as ________

adenocarcinoma

Which of the following is typically not a cause of female infertility

adenomyosis

Colpocephaly is a cranium finding most often seen with:

agenesis of the corpus callosum

Which of the following liver abnormalities does not typically appear as a solid, hyperechoic mass?

amebic hepatic abscess

Which of the following is a clinical finding suspicious of Asherman syndrome?

amenorrhea

Which of the following is an enzyme, produced by the pancreas, which is used to digest carbs

amylase

Which of the following hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex? a. norephinephrine b. ephinephrine c. androgens

androgens

Which of the following would not increase the likelihood of developing endometrial carcinoma? a. nulliparity b. anorexia c. unopposed estrogen therapy d. use of tamoxifen

anorexia

The sonographic analysis of a 22-year old female pelvis reveals that the uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix. The uterine position is referred to as

anteflexion

Occlusion of the hepatic veins is seen with Budd-Chiari syndrome

anterior to the main portal vein and posterior to the common bile duct

Which of the following is not a region of the stomach? a. body b. fundus c. pylorus d. antrum

antrum

The "thyroid in the belly" sign is associated with

appendicitis

Which of the following would typically not be a cause of focal gallbladder wall thickening? A. polyp B. ascites

ascites

A 32-year-old male patient presents to the sonography department for a liver sonogram with a history of a low grade fever, RUQ tenderness. Leukocystosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase and recent travel to middle east. What mass would be most likely discovered

hydatid liver cyst

The form of hydrops associated with Rh sensitization is

immune

Mycotic aneurysms are associated with

infection

Which of the following is the most common location for a uterine leiomyoma? a. Submucosal b. intramural c. pedunculated d. subserosal

intramural

What does the thyroid use to create its hormones?

iodine

Dandy-Walker malformation

is a development anomaly characterized by hypoplasia/absence of the cerebellar vermis,cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle with posterior fossa enlargement. Patients often present during infancy with developmental delay and progressive skull enlargement. Non-communicating hydrocephalus is also possible.

with portal hypertension, this recanalizes to form a portosystemic venous collateral. It shunts blood away from the liver and into the inferior epigastric veins.

left portal vein

Sonographically, a thickened, heterogeneous endometrium is noted in a patient who complains of pelvic pain and dyspareunia. Which of the following clinical findings would be most suggestive of endometritis and not adenomyosis? a. dyspareunia b. leukocytosis c. menometrorrhagia d. fever

leukocytosis

The left umbilical vein collapses after birth and becomes the _________

ligamentum teres

Abnormal elevation in which of the following serum laboratory test appears to be more indicative of acute pancreatitis

lipase

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe

longus colli muscles

Days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle correlate with a. the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle b. luteal phase of the ovarian cycle c. follicular phase of the ovarian cycle b. menstrual phase

luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Which of the following is considered to be the most common malignancy of the spleen? a. angiosarcoma b. lymphoma c. hemangioma d. leukemia

lymphoma

Which of the following would be defined as a structural abnormality that results from unusual development? anomaly malformation trisomy syndrome

malformation

Sonographically, several abdominal lymph nodes are noted adjacent to the abdominal aorta. Which of the following would be the most indicative of an abnormal lymph node? A. measurement of 2 cm b. oval shape c. echogenic hilum d. hypoechoic

measurement of 2 cm

Which of the following structures contains the rete testis

mediastinum testes

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is characterized by all of the following except a. amenorrhea b. menorrhagia c. hirsutism d. obesity

menorrhagia

The sensitivity of the associated cranial findings at detecting spina bifida is said to be a. more than 99% b. less than 50% c. approximately 77% d. approximately 65%

more than 99%

Which of the following is a hallmark of abdominal sonographic finding associated with tuberous sclerosis?

multiple angiomyolipomas

With mild acute pancreatitis, the pancreas will most likely appear sonographically a. hypoechic b. small c. normal d. echogenic

normal

The _________ diameter is a measurement that is performed from the lateral wall of the orbit to the medial wall of the same orbit

ocular diameter

The measurement that is performed from the lateral wall of the orbit to the medial wall of the same orbit is the

ocular diameter

The patient presented to the emergency room with a history of vaginal bleeding, hypertension and excessive vomiting. HcG was markedly elevated. Within the uterus, a large complex mass with cystic components was identified, what is the most likely diagnosis

theca lutein cyst

What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in prepubertal boys>

torsion of the appendix testis

What structure divides the scrotum internally?

tunica dartos

The portion of the peritoneum that is closely applied to each organ is referred to as

visceral peritoneum

Which of the following is not another name for an accessory spleen: a. Splenunculus b. wandering spleen

wandering spleen