Ab Mock Board

Which of the following muscles would be situated closest to the spine? a. Rectus abdominis b. Psoas muscle c. Quadratus lumborum d. Iliacus

Psoas muscle

A separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply describes :

Pulmonary sequestration

The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed :

Pyonephrosis

The most common cause of Cirrhosis is :

Alcoholism

Which of the following is the most common sonographic appearance of retroperitoneal fibrosis? a. Hypoechoic mass surrounding the aorta b. Multiple small lymph nodes anterior to the abdominal aorta c. Anechoic mass in the lower abdomen d. Echogenic mass posterior to the kidneys

Hypoechoic mass surrounding the aorta

All of the following are potential causes of lung consolidation except : a. Pneumonia b. Hemorrhage c. Carcinoma d. Pulmonary sequestration

Pulmonary sequestration

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

Strap

The left portal vein divides into :

Medial and lateral branches

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the :

Medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

Where is the thymus located?

Mediastinum

A 25-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department for a complete abdominal sonogram. She complains of right lower quadrant pain and nausea. The right upper abdomen appears normal. A small mass is noted in the area of the splenic hilum. This mass appears isoechoic to the spleen. What does this most likely represent?

Accessory spleen

Which of the following is typically transmitted through contaminated water found in places such as Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, India, and Africa?

Amebic liver abscess

The TIPS shunt is placed :

Between a portal vein and a hepatic vein

Which of the following would be the least likely complication of a pancreatic transplant? a. Hematoma b. Biloma c. Ascites d. Urinoma

Biloma

Which of the following would be the most distal portion of the biliary tree? a. Common bile duct b. Common hepatic duct c. Gallbladder d. Intrahepatic radicles

Common bile duct

Empyema of the gallbladder denotes :

Gallbladder filled with pus

The most common location of focal pancreatitis is within the :

Head of the pancreas

Which of the following masses would be most worrisome for malignancy? a. Echogenic mass b. Cystic mass with posterior enhancement c. Isoechoic mass with a central scar d. Hyperechoic mass with a hyperechoic halo

Hyperechoic mass with a hyperechoic halo

The main portal vein divides into :

Left and right branches

Which of the following is the space located between the pancreas and the stomach? a. Morrison pouch b. Lesser sac c. Space of Retzius d. Pouch of Douglas

Lesser sac

Shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the :

Ligamentum venosum

Which of the following laboratory values appears to be more specific for acute pancreatitis? a. Amylase b. Lipase c. Aspartate aminotransferase d. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

Lipase

Which structure is a useful landmark for identifying the gallbladder?

Main lobar fissure

The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the :

Mucosal layer

Courvoisier gallbladder is the :

Palpable gallbladder caused by a biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head

Which of the following has both an endocrine and an exocrine function? a. Adrenal gland b. Spleen c. Pancreas d. Duodenum

Pancreas

Which part of the pancreas is located anterior to the portal confluence?

Pancreatic neck

The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as :

Papillary process

These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen :

Paracolic gutters

What is another name for Morrison's pouch?

Posterior right subhepatic space

The gallbladder wall should measure not more than :

3mm

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed :

5cm

Dilated veins of a varicocele will measure :

>2mm

With which of the following is Courvoisier gallbladder associated? a. A pancreatic head mass b. A stone in the cystic duct c. Cholecystitis d. Chronic diverticulitis

A pancreatic head mass

What is the most common cause of ARF?

Acute tubular necrosis

enlarged abnormal lymph nodes tend to deviate from their normal sonographic appearance and become more :

Anechoic and hypoechoic

This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels, muscle and fat :

Angiomyolipoma

The right portal vein divides into :

Anterior and posterior branches

Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by :

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Which of the following is not associated with the development of pneumobilia? a. Cholangiopneumonia b. Gastric surgery c. Acute cholecystitis d. Fistula formation

Cholangiopneumonia

What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract?

Cholecystokinin

Which of the following would be the most common cause of obstructive jaundice? a. Klatskin tumor b. Cholangiocarcinoma c. Biliary atresia d. Choledochalithiasis

Choledochalithiasis

What is the most common cause of CRF?

Diabetes mellitus

What is another name for the accessory duct of the pancreas?

Duct of Santorini

Tendons sonographically appear as :

Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone

Which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream?

Endocrine glands

Which of the following is a benign intratesticular mass that typically has a whorled or onion skin sonographic appearance? a. Seminoma b. Teratoma c. Epidermoid cyst d. Adrenal rest

Epidermoid cyst

Which of the following is not a component of the spermatic cord? a. Epididymis b. Testicular artery c. Cremaster muscle d. Lymph nodes

Epididymis

Which of the following vessels would most likely yield a high-resistive flow pattern? a. Celiac artery b. Common hepatic artery c. Renal artery d. Fasting SMA

Fasting SMA

Which of the following is associated with congenital muscular torticollis? a. Fibromatosis colli b. Branchial cleft cyst c. Pleomorphic adenoma

Fibromatosis colli

The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the :

Fibromuscular layer

Hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder :

Fills with sludge

All of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with intussusception except : a. Vomiting b. First-born male infant c. Red currant jelly stools d. Leukocytosis

First-born male infant

Which of the following is associated with E. Granulosus? a. Candidiasis b. Amebic liver abscess c. Hydatid liver cyst d. Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hydatid liver cyst

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except : a. Proteinuria b. Throat infection c. Azotemia d. Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia

Which of the following would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings : a. Conn syndrome b. Addison disease c. Androgenism d. Hypercortisolism

Hypercortisolism

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n) :

Hyperechoic mass

If a gallstone, causing obstruction, is located within the distal common hepatic duct, which of the following would become dilated?

Intrahepatic ducts

The spleen is a/an :

Intraperitoneal organ

Other abnormalities the can present much like pyloric stenosis include all of the following except : a. Midgut malrotation b. Pylorospasm c. Gastroesophageal reflux disease d. Intussusception

Intussusception

All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid except : a. Thyroxine b. Iodine c. Triiodothyronine d. Calcitonin

Iodine

Which of the following does the thyroid gland utilize to produce its hormones? a. Colloid b. Iodine c. Iron d. Calcium

Iodine

What vessel can be often noted coursing between the SMA and the abdominal aorta in the transverse scan plane?

Left renal vein

What vessel travels directly anterior to the left renal artery?

Left renal vein

The aorta originates at the :

Left ventricle

Suspicion of cortical thinning should occur when the renal cortex measures :

Less than 1 cm

One of the most common locations for a pancreatic pseudocyst is within the :

Lesser sac

The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the :

Ligamentum teres

The hepatic artery should demonstrate :

Low-resistance flow

Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer? a. Hepatocellular carcinoma b. Adenosarcoma c. Metastatic liver disease d. Hepatoblastoma

Metastatic liver disease

The main lobar fissure contains the :

Middle hepatic vein

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except : a. Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic b. A linear array transducer should be used c. Most foreign bodies are better visualized using a standoff pad d. Comet-tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects

Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

Which of the following is the most common form of salivary gland cancer? a. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma b. Papillary carcinoma c. Ancillary carcinoma d. Medullary carcinoma

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Small echogenic foci scattered throughout the spleen most likely represent :

Multiple benign granulomas

Which of the following is not considered to be an intraperitoneal organ? a. Liver b. Pancreas c. Gallbladder d. Spleen

Pancreas

Which of the following could result from undergoing a thoracentesis? a. Deep venous thrombosis b. Pneumothorax c. Pericardial effusion d. Ascites

Pneumothorax

Calcification of the gallbladder wall is termed :

Porcelain gallbladder

The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as :

Renal capsule

Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except : a. Left-sided location b. Retroperitoneal mass c. Infertility d. Palpable extratesticular mass

Retroperitoneal mass

The IVC terminates at the :

Right atrium

All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except : a. Right gastric artery b. Hepatic artery c. Splenic artery d. Left gastric artery

Right gastric artery

In the sagittal plane, you recognize a circular, anechoic vascular structure posterior to the IVC. Which of the following would this structure be most likely? a. Abdominal aorta b. Left renal vein c. Right renal artery d. SMA

Right renal artery

Which vessel would be the shortest in length? a. Right renal vein b. Right renal artery c. Left renal vein d. Left renal artery

Right renal vein

What systemic disease results in the development of granulomas within the spleen and throughout the body?

Sarcoidosis

The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the :

Seminoma

The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the :

Serosal layer

Sonographically, compared to normal kidneys, those affected by CRF will appear :

Smaller in size and more echogenic

The muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum is the :

Sphincter of Oddi

An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in the :

Spleen

Which of the following is not an endocrine organ? a. Thymus b. Pancreas c. Thyroid d. Spleen

Spleen

Where is the most common location of an accessory spleen?

Splenic hilum

The splenic vein joins with what structure posterior to the pancreatic neck to form the portal triad?

Superior mesenteric vein

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of :

Tendosynovitis

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as :

Tendosynovitis

All of the following are true of the spleen except : a. It is the largest structure of the reticuloendothelial system b. The primary objective of the spleen is to filter the peripheral blood c. The spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border d. The spleen is considered the largest lymphatic organ

The spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border

All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome except : a. Adrenal adenoma b. Hypertension c. Excessive thirst d. Thinning arms and legs

Thinning arms and legs

The diagnostic therapeutic procedure where fluid is removed from the pleural space is referred to as :

Thoracentesis

The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs, including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys, is :

Tuberous sclerosis

What patient position is typically required for a thoracentesis?

Upright

Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. Ureterocele b. Urethritis c. Urolithiasis d. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Urethritis

A 23-year-old man presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility. Which of the following is associated with male infertility? a. Spermatocele b. Choriocarcinoma c. Varicocele d. Hydrocele

Varicocele

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

Varicocele

A pleural effusion that is associated with infection will sonographically appear :

Varying sonographic appearances have been noted

The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is :

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its lymphatic drainage function is the :

White pulp

Common locations for abdominal lymph nodes include all of the following except : a. Mesentery b. Renal hilum c. Along the length of the abdominal aorta d. Within the subhepatic space

Within the subhepatic space

Which of the following is considered to be a malignant testicular neoplasm? a. Neuroblastoma b. Hepatoma c. Yolk sac tumor d. Hamartoma

Yolk sac tumor

A gastrinoma of the pancreas can produce :

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except : a. Hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue b. Isoechoic to the surrounding tissue c. Hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue d. Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

The most common location for hydrocele is :

Between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by ARPKD? a. Bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys b. Unilateral, smooth-walled, noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa c. Small, echogenic kidneys d. Numerous, large, complex renal cysts

Bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys

What houses the male urethra?

Corpus spongiosum

Which of the following is not associated with a rectus sheath hematoma? a. Palpable abdominal mass b. Increased hematocrit c. Child birth d. Sneezing

Increased hematocrit

What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence?

Inferior mesenteric vein

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of :

Inflammation

Which of the following is not located within the mediastinum? a. Heart b. Thymus c. Esophagus d. Lungs

Lungs

Which of the following is a benign lesion that is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system : a. Lymphangioma b. Hemangioma c. Angiosarcoma d. Myeloma

Lymphangioma

At which level of the gallbladder is the junctional fold found?

Neck

Which of the following is another name for Wilms tumor? a. Nephroblastoma b. Hepatoblastoma c. Neuroblastoma d. Hepatoma

Nephroblastoma

All of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass except : a. Adrenal adenoma b. Neuroblastoma c. Pheochromocytoma d. Adrenal hematoma

Neuroblastoma

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except : a. No intratesticular flow b. Small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis c. Reactive hydrocele d. Scrotal wall thickening

No intratesticular flow

Which of the following is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip? a. Graf b. Ortolani c. Barlow d. Thompson

Ortolani

The kidneys are :

Retroperitoneal

Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of :

Right-sided heart failure

Lung consolidation typically appears sonographically as :

Several internal echoes that radiate in a linear pattern because of air within the bronchi

Which of the following is a congenital anomaly in which the spleen is divided into two portions by a band of tissue?

Splenic cleft

A 14-year-old male patient presents to the sonography department after falling from his bicycle. An abdominal sonogram reveals a complex-appearing mass within the spleen. This most likely represents a :

Splenic hematoma

A sickle cell crisis will often lead to :

Splenomegaly

Which of the following describe the implantation of ectopic splenic tissue possibly secondary to splenic rupture?

Splenosis

What is the most common malignancy of the penis?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect?

Sternocleidomastoid

A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of cellulitis on his abdomen. The patient has fever, edema, and complains of focal tenderness in a specific region affected by the cellulitis. Sonographically, you identify a localized complex collection of fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Superficial abscess

Which of the following statements about the IVC is not true? a. The diameter of the IVC is variable b. Respiration can affect the size of the IVC c. The IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta d. The IVC is considered retroperitoneal in location

The IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal gland except : a. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus b. The adrenal glands are exocrine glands c. The adrenal glands are composed of a medulla and cortex d. The adrenal glands may also be referred to as the suprarenal glands

The adrenal glands are exocrine glands

In the presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis the thyroid produces :

Too few thyroid hormones

Normal flow within the hepatic veins is said to be :

Triphasic

During a sonographic examination of the right testis, you visualize multiple small cysts located along the mediastinum testis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Tubular ectasia of the rest testis

Which of the following would not be a typical clinical finding of a patient with retroperitoneal hematoma? a. Low hematocrit b. Trauma c. Weight loss d. Hemophilia

Weight loss

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except : a. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals b. Ganglion cysts typically appear sonographically as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement c. Clinically, ganglion cysts may be hard to touch and painful d. Ganglion cysts are often treated with injection of corticosteroids

A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between tarsals

Epstein-Barr infection is best described as :

A herpes virus that can lead to infectious mononucleosis in children

Which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver? a. ARPKD b. ADPKD c. MCDK d. Acquired renal cystic disease

ADPKD

Which cells perform the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Acinar cells

Which of the following would most likely resemble a solid intratesticular mass and be associated with Cushing syndrome? a. Choriocarcinoma b. Epidermoid cyst c. Intratesticular varicocele d. Adrenal rest

Adrenal rest

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body?

Aldosterone

From the list below, what is the most likely clinical finding of a patient who has a splenic hemangioma? a. Fever b. Decreased hematocrit c. Elevated white blood cell count d. Asymptomatic

Asymptomatic

All of the following may be discovered sonographically within the chest except : a. Bronchial infections b. Pleural effusion c. Lymphomas d. Thymomas

Bronchial infections

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as :

Colloid

Clinical findings of acute appendicitis include all of the following except : a. Leukocytosis b. Right lower quadrant pain c. Constipation d. Rebound tenderness

Constipation

The spleen removes irregular cells from the bloodstream through a process called :

Culling

A female patient presents with a history of leukocytosis, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and hematuria. Sonographically, the kidneys appear normal, although the bladder wall measures 6 mm in the distended state. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Cystitis

All of the following are clinical findings of ARF except : a. Hematuria b. Hypertension c. Oliguria d. Decreased BUN and creatine

Decreased BUN and creatine

Conn syndrome results from :

High levels of aldosterone

A 45-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department with a palpable neck mass 6 months following a thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Which of the following would be the most likely etiology of the palpable mass? a. Torticollis b. Lymphadenopathy c. Sialadenitis d. Graves disease

Lymphadenopathy

With which of the following is elevated serum calcium associated? a. Graves disease b. Thyroglossal duct cyst c. Parathyroid adenoma d. Thyroid adenoma

Parathyroid adenoma

Which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear?

Parotid gland

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal gland except : a. The adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation b. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus c. The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney d. The right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney

All of the following are sonographic criteria in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis except : a. Wall of the pylorus is focally thinned b. Length of the pylorus measures more than 17 mm c. Doughnut appearance in transverse d. Cervix appearance in longitudinal

Wall of the pylorus is focally thinned

All of the following are functions of the spleen except : a. Storage of iron b. Defense against disease c. Blood reservoir d. Destruction of phagocytic cells

Destruction of phagocytic cells

All of the following are sonographic features of chronic pancreatitis except : a. Dilated pancreatic duct b. Calcifications within the pancreas c. Pancreatic pseudocyst d. Diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

Diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

All of the following are clinical findings consistent with cholangiocarcinoma except : a. Pruritus b. Weight loss c. Elevated bilirubin d. Dilation of the intrahepatic ducts

Dilation of the intrahepatic ducts

Which of the following is the development of small outpouchings within the sigmoid colon? a. Diverticulitis b. Crohn's disease c. Diverticulosis d. Midgut malrotation

Diverticulitis

Which of the following is considered the most common benign childhood hepatic mass? a. Hepatoblastoma b. Hepatoma c. Hematoma d. Hemangioendothelioma

Hemangioendothelioma

One clinical sign of an insulinoma is the presence of :

Hypoglycemia

What is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood?

Hyponatremia

Which of the following would not be a typical clinical feature of renal transplant failure?

Hypotension

A complicated baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as :

Pannus

The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the :

Phrygian cap

What is the splenic process of cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material :

Pitting

Free air within the chest outside the lungs is referred to as :

Pneumothorax

Which of the following is true about the portal veins? a. Portal veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the liver b. Portal veins have brighter walls than hepatic veins c. Portal veins demonstrate hepatofugal flow d. Portal veins increase in diameter as they approach the diaphragm

Portal veins have brighter walls than hepatic veins

The most common location of the vermiform appendix is in the area of the :

Cecum

Which of the following would be the least likely finding of acalculous cholecystitis? a. Gallbladder wall thickening b. Pericholecystic fluid c. Cholelithiasis d. Positive murphy sign

Cholelithiasis

The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with :

Cholesterolosis

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the :

Choriocarcinoma

Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in :

Chronic cholecystitis

A 38-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department with a history of femoral artery puncture and back pain. What laboratory value would be helpful to assess the patient for active bleeding?

Hematocrit

Budd-Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of :

Hepatic veins

The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the :

Hepatic veins

Which of the following would be the least likely cause of acute pancreatitis? a. Alcohol abuse b. Hepatitis c. Trauma d. Gallstones

Hepatitis

The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is :

Heterogenous mass with calcifications

What would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma?

Hypoechoic

Which of the following can be seen posterior and lateral to the kidney? a. Rectus abdominis b. Psoas muscle c. Quadratus lumborum d. Iliacus

Quadratus lumborum

The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its phagocytic function is the :

Red pulp

All of the following are clinical findings of HCC except : a. Reduction in AFP b. Unexplained fever c. Fever d. Cirrhosis

Reduction in AFP

What is the most likely location of TCC in the kidney?

Renal pelvis

the diameter of the portal vein should not exceed :

13mm

The biliary duct wall should never measure more than :

2mm

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in the :

Adrenal gland

Which of the following is an artifact that alters the echogenicity of a tendon? a. Acoustic enhancement b. Anisotropy c. Ring-down artifact d. Mirror image artifact

Anisotropy

Which of the following results from the maldevelopment of the two embryological elements of the pancreas and consequent obstruction of the duodenum? a. Pancreatic divisum b. Annular pancreas c. Whipple syndrome d. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Annular pancreas

The right lobe of the liver can be divided into :

Anterior and posterior segments

Which of the following is the most likely clinical finding of adenomyomatosis? a. Murphy sign b. Hepatitis c. Congestive heart failure d. Asymptomatic

Asymptomatic

A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles, describes :

Comet tail artifact

A 71-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and an enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for :

Courvoisier gallbladder

The direct blood supply of the gallbladder us the :

Cystic artery

The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the :

Cystic duct

The spiral valves of Heister are found within the :

Cystic duct

What is the most common sonographic appearance of a splenic hemangioma?

Echogenic

Diabetic patients suffering from acute cholecystitis have an increased risk for developing :

Emphysematous cholecystitis

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cancer is termed :

Exudate ascites

Which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar? a. Hepatoblastoma b. Cavernous hemangioma c. Hamartoma d. Focal nodular hyperplasia

Focal nodular hyperplasia

All of the following are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except : a. Acute cholecystitis b. AIDS c. Hepatitis d. Gallbladder polyp

Gallbladder polyp

The arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is via the :

Gastroduodenal artery

A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the :

Granuloma

Multiple, small echogenic foci scattered throughout the spleen in a patient with a history of toxoplasmosis most likely represent :

Granulomas

The most common echogenicity of an acutely inflamed pancreas is :

Hypoechoic

Which of the following is not a rule of surgical asepsis? a. If you recognize that an item has become nonsterile, act immediately. b. If one sterile person must pass another, they must pass face-to-face c. A sterile field must never be left unmonitored. If a sterile field is left unattended, it is considered nonsterile. d. A sterile person does not lean across a sterile field.

If one sterile person must pass another, they must pass face-to-face

Which of the following is considered the most proximal portion of the biliary tree? a. Intrahepatic radicles b. Cystic duct c. Common hepatic duct d. Common bile duct

Intrahepatic radicles

Of the list below, which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ? a. Left kidney b. Aorta c. IVC d. Liver

Liver

Normal flow within the hepatic artery should demonstrate a :

Low-resistance waveform pattern, with a quick upstroke, and gradual acceleration with diastole

The hepatoma is a :

Malignant tumor of the liver

The gastronoma would most likely be discovered in the :

Pancreas

Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except : a. Jaundice b. Fever c. Chills d. Pericholecystic fluid

Pericholecystic fluid

All of the following are part of the exocrine function of the pancreas except for : a. Production of lipase b. Production of glucagon c. Production of amylase d. Production of sodium bicarbonate

Production of glucagon

The cystic artery is most often a direct branch of the :

Right hepatic artery

The right intersegmental fissure contain the :

Right hepatic vein

The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the :

Right hepatic vein

A 45-year-old obese woman with thin arms and legs, hypertension, and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal sonogram. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of :

Adrenal adenoma

Pseudomyxoma peritonei can result from :

Appendix cancer

A 35-year-old male patient presents to the sonography department for an abdominal sonogram with a history of abdominal pain and histoplasmosis. What are you more likely to identify within the spleen?

Multiple granulomas

Which of the following is also referred to as primary adrenocortical insufficiency? a. Conn syndrome b. Addison disease c. Cushing disease d. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Addison disease

Cholesterol crystals within the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are found with :

Adenomyomatosis

Upon sonographic examination of the right upper quadrant in a 32-year-old female patient complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents a/an: a. Adrenal metastatic lesion b. Pheochromocytoma c. Neuroblastoma d. Adrenal cyst

Adrenal cyst

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?

Sternocleidomastoid