chapter 19 blood vessels

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The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following? A. altering blood volume B. reflex arcs involving baroreceptors C. reflex arcs associated with vasomotor fibers D. chemoreceptors

A. altering blood volume

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes EXCEPT ________. A. decreased size of the heart muscle B. increased damage to blood vessel endothelium C. increased incidence of coronary artery disease D. increased work of the left ventricle

A. decreased size of the heart muscle

Which of the following hormones will lower blood pressure?

ANP

Which of the following is NOT a vasoconstrictor?

ANP - Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreases peripheral resistance by causing vasodilation.

Which of the following statements describes the significance of blood pressure changes as blood reaches the capillary beds?

Blood pressure drops as it reaches the capillary beds because high pressure would rupture them.

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.

Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding fenestrated capillaries? a. Fenestrated capillaries are essential for filtration of blood plasma in the kidney. b. Fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs allow hormones rapid entry into the blood. c. Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier. d. Fenestrated capillaries in the small intestine receive nutrients from digested food.

Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.

Arteries with thickest Tunica Media; active in vasoconstriction

G

transports blood away from the heart

arteries

Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance

arterioles

Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest

arterioles

control blood flow into individual capillary beds

arterioles

pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls

blood pressure

Lumen is the size of red blood cells

capillaries

Site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest

capillaries

What type of vessel is capable of allowing the passage of gases and nutrients though its walls to nourish surrounding tissue?

capillaries

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

capillaries will be engorged with blood

the product of these factors yields blood pressure

cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?

carotid artery and aortic arch

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

change in arterial pressure

event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance

constriction of arteries

Capillary type with an uninterrupted lining

continuous capillaries

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?

decreased activity of sns

blood pressure during heart relaxation

diastolic blood pressure

net filtration

drives fluid out of the capillary HPc = 35 mm Hg OPc=26 mm Hg NFP=10 mm Hg

conducting arteries

elastic arteries

largest arteries, low resistance

elastic arteries

Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. (T/F)

false- Arteries always carry blood away from the heart. Whether they carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood depends on the circuit. In the pulmonary circuit, pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated. This oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins. In contrast, systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the systemic capillaries, where the oxygen is delivered to the tissues. Systemic veins then carry this deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

capillary with numerous pores and gap junctions

fenestrated

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following?

increase in heart contractility

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?

increase in heart rate and contractility

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity

Which of the following organs would experience decreased blood flow during exercise?

kidneys

Site where the blood pressure is greatest

large arteries

Site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest

large arteries

Site where blood pressure is lowest

large veins

artery type that accounts for most of the named arteries studied in A&P

muscular

net reabsorption pressure

occurs at venous end of capillary HPc=17 mm Hg OPc= 26 mm Hg NFP= -8 mm Hg

site where blood pressure determination are normally made

pressure points/over arteries

Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity

pulse

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

renal regulation

Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

The most permeable capillaries, which contain fenestrations and large intercellular clefts, are called __________.

sinusoid capillaries

capillaries with large intercellular clefts and irregular lumen

sinusoids

Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed

sound of korotkoff

blood pressure during heart constriction

systolic blood pressure

The pulse pressure is ________.

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

osmotic pressure

the "sucking" pressure that draws water into the vasculature caused by all dissolved particles

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.

tunica intima

Vessels with thin walls and large lumens that often appear collapsed in histologic preparations

veins

veins with only a tunica intima; supported by surrounding tissues

venous sinuses

Vessels formed when capillaries unite

venules


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