chapter 19 blood vessels
The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following? A. altering blood volume B. reflex arcs involving baroreceptors C. reflex arcs associated with vasomotor fibers D. chemoreceptors
A. altering blood volume
A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes EXCEPT ________. A. decreased size of the heart muscle B. increased damage to blood vessel endothelium C. increased incidence of coronary artery disease D. increased work of the left ventricle
A. decreased size of the heart muscle
Which of the following hormones will lower blood pressure?
ANP
Which of the following is NOT a vasoconstrictor?
ANP - Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreases peripheral resistance by causing vasodilation.
Which of the following statements describes the significance of blood pressure changes as blood reaches the capillary beds?
Blood pressure drops as it reaches the capillary beds because high pressure would rupture them.
Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.
Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding fenestrated capillaries? a. Fenestrated capillaries are essential for filtration of blood plasma in the kidney. b. Fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs allow hormones rapid entry into the blood. c. Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier. d. Fenestrated capillaries in the small intestine receive nutrients from digested food.
Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.
Arteries with thickest Tunica Media; active in vasoconstriction
G
transports blood away from the heart
arteries
Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance
arterioles
Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest
arterioles
control blood flow into individual capillary beds
arterioles
pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls
blood pressure
Lumen is the size of red blood cells
capillaries
Site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest
capillaries
What type of vessel is capable of allowing the passage of gases and nutrients though its walls to nourish surrounding tissue?
capillaries
Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
capillaries will be engorged with blood
the product of these factors yields blood pressure
cardiac output and peripheral resistance
Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?
carotid artery and aortic arch
The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?
change in arterial pressure
event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance
constriction of arteries
Capillary type with an uninterrupted lining
continuous capillaries
Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?
decreased activity of sns
blood pressure during heart relaxation
diastolic blood pressure
net filtration
drives fluid out of the capillary HPc = 35 mm Hg OPc=26 mm Hg NFP=10 mm Hg
conducting arteries
elastic arteries
largest arteries, low resistance
elastic arteries
Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. (T/F)
false- Arteries always carry blood away from the heart. Whether they carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood depends on the circuit. In the pulmonary circuit, pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated. This oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins. In contrast, systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the systemic capillaries, where the oxygen is delivered to the tissues. Systemic veins then carry this deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
capillary with numerous pores and gap junctions
fenestrated
A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following?
increase in heart contractility
Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?
increase in heart rate and contractility
If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
Which of the following organs would experience decreased blood flow during exercise?
kidneys
Site where the blood pressure is greatest
large arteries
Site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest
large arteries
Site where blood pressure is lowest
large veins
artery type that accounts for most of the named arteries studied in A&P
muscular
net reabsorption pressure
occurs at venous end of capillary HPc=17 mm Hg OPc= 26 mm Hg NFP= -8 mm Hg
site where blood pressure determination are normally made
pressure points/over arteries
Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity
pulse
Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?
renal regulation
Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
The most permeable capillaries, which contain fenestrations and large intercellular clefts, are called __________.
sinusoid capillaries
capillaries with large intercellular clefts and irregular lumen
sinusoids
Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed
sound of korotkoff
blood pressure during heart constriction
systolic blood pressure
The pulse pressure is ________.
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
osmotic pressure
the "sucking" pressure that draws water into the vasculature caused by all dissolved particles
Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.
tunica intima
Vessels with thin walls and large lumens that often appear collapsed in histologic preparations
veins
veins with only a tunica intima; supported by surrounding tissues
venous sinuses
Vessels formed when capillaries unite
venules
