Ab Psych Final

The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others are different from theirs or be able to anticipate future negative events. Therefore:

A the symptoms of childhood anxiety ten to be different from adult symptoms

Imagine that you are a therapist working on the border between the United States and Mexico but don't speak Spanish. What is proper ethical behavior for you?

A. Acknowledge your limitations and seek further training

In response to a recommendation by the American Psychiatric Association regarding insanity pleas, current federal practice is MOST likely the:

A. M'Naghten rule

In the past, people with mental disorders were less likely than those without mental disorders to commit violent or dangerous acts. Why do we think that is?

A. Many more were hospitalized in the past than are now

If you are involuntary committed, you have the right to request that your records periodically be reviewed in order to determine if it is safe to release you. This request is possible because of:

A. O'Connor V. Donaldson

An individual suffering from a neurological disorder shows no evidence of infection or poisoning, but experiences tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness. The MOST probable diagnosis is:

A. Parkinson's disease

Imagine a child who is afraid of the school resource officer and his or her gun. The child cries every morning and fakes illness to avoid school. The BEST diagnosis for this child is

A. School refusal

Which of the following is an example of the way patients' rights might interfere with patients' recovery (that is, an example of a time when patients' rights are not good for the patients)?

A. The right to refuse medication may limit the patient's recovery

Surveys show that ____ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the US

A. Worry

Among the proposed causes Alzheimers are all of the following EXCEPT:

A. concussion or other brain injury

A person who abuses alcohol frequently often drinks alone, blacks out occasionally, and falls a lot. These characteristics are:

A. over twice as common in young alcohol abusers as they are in elderly alcohol abusers

You see a video on YouTube designated to support young people who are gay and have experienced bullying. It is probably part of a program called:

B. "Its gets better."

In order to control occasional pain and inflammation, a person uses an over-the-counter drug containing ibuprofen. interestingly, recent research shows that person also may be reducing the risk of contracting which disease?

B. Alzheimers disease

An 80yr old hospitalized individual is recovering from surgery but now has gotten an infection. Over the course of a few days the person shows increasing confusion and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate. The MOST probable diagnosis for this condition would be:

B. Delirium

A therapist who broke confidentiality with a patient without the patient's consent because of fears that the person would harm someone else was acting according to the ethical principle of:

B. Duty to protect

You read a case study about a 10-yr old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. This case is:

B. Fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse

Lucille experienced severe mood, personality, and bodily movement changes. MOST likely, she has:

B. Huntington's disease

In the case of Foucha v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court ruled that the only acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether they are still:

B. Insane

Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or stay out of trouble. Recently, he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying:

B. Juvenile delinquency

Among the elderly, schizophrenia is:

B. Less common than among younger individuals, and there are fewer new cases per year

Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with:

B. Oppositional defiant disorder if they are post puberty

According to recent research should patients with Alzheimers disease be encouraged to repeat activities daily that they enjoyed doing when they were younger ?

B. Probably; they would tend to be happier, even after forgetting they did the activity

Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder?

B. The child is not responsive to other people

If a psychologist wanted to write a newspaper column on mental health issues in the community, the psychologist would need to do which of the following in order to comply with professional ethical standards?

B. The psychologists would need to make sure the advice was based on sound research

Results from TADS (Treatment of Adolescents with Depression Study) BEST support which of the following conclusions?

B. Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people

A landmark California court case Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California dramatically affected the right to confidentiality between client and therapist. This case led to the conclusion that:

B. a therapist must break the obligation of confidentiality if there is a clear danger to a specific identifiable person

If you received two-physician certificates, you would have:

B. been involuntary committed

A person who has an excess of plaques due to Alzheimers would be likely to have:

B. cell breakdown and death

Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding the relationship between eyewitness testimony and how it is used in the legal system?

B. confident witnesses are more likely to be believed, but are probably no more accurate

If a man walked in on his wife in bed with his best friend and killed both of them in a fit of "passion," that man may be eligible for an insanity defense under the:

B. irresistible impulse test

When nonwhite defendants, compared to white defendants, are evaluated for competence to stand trial:

B. nonwhite defendants are more likely to be found incompetent to stand trial

Compared to white american children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are:

C. Less likely to be assessed for ADHD. and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD

A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?

C. No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting

For which of the following anxiety disorders would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern?

C. Phobias

A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions but is otherwise high functions and would have been diagnosed with Asperger's disorder in the past, will now, in DSM-5, be diagnosed with:

C. Social communication disorder

All of the following are characteristics of a serial murderer EXCEPT:

C. They have empathy for their victims

A person who has been clinically committed has been:

C. accused of a crime and sent to a psychiatric institution for mental health treatment

An individual has just been diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder. We know for sure that the person:

C. can still function independently

With Alzheimer's, physical health usually:

C. declines less rapidly than mental health

You are treating other therapist for a disorder. What is the therapist you are treating MOST likely to exhibit?

C. depression or anxiety

The preference insurance companies show for short-term mental health services, by default, favors:

C. drug treatment over talk therapies

Among the goals of parent-child interaction therapy, are all of the following EXCEPT:

C. encouraging parents to not change how they act with their child.

Behavioral and somatic symptoms rather than cognitive ones, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders:

C. in children rather than in adults

An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder learn to do behavior therapy-targeting and rewarding desired behavior-is called:

C. parent management training

The majority of criminals institutionalized for psychological treatment in the United States are there because:

C. prison officials decided they needed treatment

If Dr. Phil were a psychologist, would he be ethically allowed to offer advice to people on television?

C. yes, as long as he bases his advice on appropriate psychological practice

Which of the following is the BEST example of mental health partly?

C. your insurance covers medical and mental illnesses equally

If a person with paranoid schizophrenia commits murder and either is not able to understand that murder is wrong or is not able to control his or her actions and follow the law, that person would MOST likely be eligible for an insanity defense under:

D all the answers are true

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. This is known as:

D. Preservation of sameness

A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music and without making a mistake. This behavior is best described as a:

D. Savant skill

A person who had a serious mental illness and was in need of treatment could, nevertheless, not be civilly committed unless that person was also:

D. a danger either to themselves or to others

A child who has difficulty putting puzzles together, playing ball, or who writes at a level well below that of others his or her age, may be diagnosed with:

D. a developmental coordination disorder

Among the "oldest old" those who are over 95 years of age, the MOST common concern is:

D. a fear of losing mental abilities

Defendants who are actively hallucinating and experiencing delusions during the time of their trials are MOST likely to be:

D. committed for treatment until they improve enough to defend themselves

From which of the following pair of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood?

D. enuresis and encopresis

Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder?

D. one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

Your daughter is MORE likely than your son to be diagnosed with:

D. separation anxiety disorders

Compared to past years, these days:

D. some psychologists are able to prescribe psychiatric medication

Schizophrenia

during 1month period at least two of the following are present for a sig time delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly abnormal psychomotor behavior, negative symptoms

Generalized anxiety disorder and the anxiety related disorders

experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything, feel restless, keyed up, on edge, tire easily, difficulty concentrating, suffer from muscle tensions and have sleep problems lasts at least three months, about two or more activities or events

hyperactivity

fidgeting or tapping of the hands or feet, cant sit still, always moving even when inappropriate, blurting out answers before the question is complete, difficulty being patient and waiting for turns, talk excessively, frequently interrupt others

Anorexia nervosa

usually affects people 14-18 not eating & over exercising intense fear of gaining weight treatment: cognitive behavirola therapy and psychodynamic therapy

"My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend?" Of the following alternatives, your BEST answer is:

"Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation"

Bulimia nervosa

binge-purge syndrome, forced vomiting, misusing laxatives, diuretics, enemas, fasting of exercising excessively peak onset 15-21 years, usually of normal weight, consume as many as 10000 calories per binge episode, by definition not underweight

PTSD

exposure to traumatic events-actual or threatened death serious injury or sexual violation, trouble sleeping, lasting more than one month, symptoms of stress and arousal persist well after the trauma

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

failure to give attention to close detail and make careless mistakes, difficulty sustaining attention, difficulty listening, following instructions, disengage in activities that require mental effort, easily distracted, forgetful

bipolar 1

full manic and major depressive episodes lasting at least a week and most of the day nearly everyday

Dissociative disorders

another group of disorders triggered by traumatic events involuntary escape from reality characterized by a disconnection between thoughts identity consciousness and memory

oppositional defiant disorders

argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable and can be vindictive, argue with adults ignore adult rules and requests, feel great anger and resentment and ignore other people, more common in boys than girls before puberty but equal in both sexes after puberty

Conduct disorders

more severe than oppositional defiant disorders, repeatedly violent, often aggressive and may be physically cruel to people and animals, steal, threaten, harm victims, shoplifting, forgery, mugging and armed robbery

binge eating

engage in eating binges during which they feel no control 2/3 of these people become overweight or obese are not driven to thinness causes: psychological problems, biological factors

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the following criteria has been met?

A. The children have reached an age at which they are expected to control their bodily functions

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:

B. creating a new disorder, called disruptive mood dysregulation

A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of:

D oppositional defiant disorder

"I can't help myself. I had to do it," would likely be a successful insanity defense:

D. in fewer than half of the states in the United State

A child grows up in a poor and non stimulating environment, which puts the child at greatest risk for which level of intellectual developmental disorder?

A. mild

Which of the following people would never have to stand trial for a crime he or she might have committed?

A. one judged not guilty by reason of insanity

The reason that offenders are being released from mental hospitals earlier and earlier is the result of:

A. The increasing effectiveness of drug therapy

A forensic psychologist could be likely to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A. write legislation to regulate the practice of psychology in the courts

The current trend in legislation and treatment regarding people who commit sex crimes and are also mentally ill is to:

B. require both punishment for the crime and treatment

Of the following, which is the MOST likely to lead to hospitalization for an Alzheimer's patient?

B. the caretaker being overwhelmed

If someone asked you about the effectiveness of treatment for Alzheimers disease, you would have to say:

C. "Even the best treatments have limited success"

A child with autism is laughing but sees another child crying. When asked what the other child is feeling, the child with autism is MOST likely to say:

D. "happiness," because of mindblindness

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that:

D. Children display rage and depression rather than mania

Children with persistent difficulty acquiring, ursine, or comprehending spoken or written language may be diagnosed with

D. Communication Disorder

Which of the following potential headlines is MOST accurate?

D. In the United States, fewer than 1 in 400 criminals is found not guilty by reason of insanity

Intermittent explosive disorder

Kid goes ballistic for no reason they just click and have an outburst impulse control and conduct disorders pg 469 repeated sudden episodes of outbursts

bipolar 2

hypomanic episodes alternate with major depressive episodes 4 days most of every day and nearly everyday

Major depressive disorder

no history or manic or hypomanic episode, daily depressed mood for most of the day diminished interest in pleasure in almost all activities, sig. weight loss or gain feelings of worthlessness

Which of the following is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST likely to say?

B. "The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different."

Imagine that you heard an "expert" on TV talking about child abuse. Which of these statements would make you MOST likely to doubt the credibility of the expert?

A. "Substantially more girls than boys are physically abused"

"Grandpa is 88yrs old. and there's no sign of neurocognitive disorder," says a friend of yours. Your MOST accurate reply is:

A. "That's wonderful-about half of people that age do have signs of neurocognitive disorders."

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between psychological abuse and other forms of abuse and neglect is MOST accurate?

A. A child who experiences any form of abuse most likely also experience psychological abuse

You are a forensic psychologist testifying about the sanity of someone. The question that is hardest for you to be sure of answering correctly is:

A. Was the defendant sane at the time of the crime?

A particular concern among children and adolescents would be:

C. Bullying

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fighter. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

C. Conduct disorder

Suffering from a psychophysiological disorder-such as headaches, alcoholism, and substance abuse-might make one eligible for an insanity defense under the:

C. Durham test

The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar in children, and in particular the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is:

C. The use of adult medications

The Wyatt v. Stickney decision forced state hospitals to provide:

C. adequate treatment

"I'm sorry I did that. I didn't know it was wrong," is MOST consistent with the:

D. M'Naghten rule

Based on the MOST current research we can conclude that:

D. MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism

When a child with autism spectrum disorder says, "You want a drink," when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying:

D. Pronominal Reversal

substance use and addictive disorders

a maladaptive pattern of substances use leading to significant impairment or distress, substance taken in large amounts, persistent desire of unsuccessful efforts to reduce or control substance use, excessive time trying to obtain, use , recover from effects of substance

personality disorders

a pattern consisting of rigid and extreme personality traits that repeatedly impair an individuals sense of self emotional experience, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy

OCD

obsessive: persistent thoughts, urges, or images that seem to invade compulsions: repetitive and rigid behaviors OCD is when the obsessions and compulsions are excessive or unreasonable