Abdominal Sonography Mock Registry Exam D19

Which of the following is not a a valid reason for a patient to be NPO prior to an abdominal ultrasound? A. Decreases peristalsis in GI tract B. Decreases blood sugar for better pancreas visualization C. Allows gallbladder to fill with bile for better visualization D. Decreases gas in GI tract

B. Decreases blood sugar for better pancreas visualization

Splenic vein thrombosis can lead to what life threatening condition? A. congestive heart failure B. GI bleed from gastric varices C. splenic artery stenosis D. splenic artery pseudoaneurysm

B. GI bleed from gastric varices

The renal anomaly where the kidneys do not separate completely during embryonic development is called: A. Ectopic kidney B. Horseshoe kidney C. Renal agenesis D. Duplicated collecting system

B. Horseshoe kidney

Which of the following arteries are evaluated during a penile duplex exam for erectile dysfunction? A. urethral B. cavernosal C. dorsal D. ventral

B. cavernosal

What is the most common cause of pneumobilia? A. pancreatitis B. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) C. biliary duct stones D. gallbladder perforation

B. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

The IVC is located posterior to the pancreatic __________________. A. tail B. head C. body D. neck

B. head

When evaluating a liver transplant, you must use angle correction during Doppler evaluation of: A. hepatic arteries and veins B. hepatic arteries and portal veins C. portal veins only D. hepatic arteries only

B. hepatic arteries and portal veins

No flow is detected while performing a Color Doppler evaluation of a normal splenic vein. What will improve the color display? A. increase the PRF B. increase the color packet size C. increase the sample size D. increasing angle of insonation

B. increase the color packet size

The ____________________________ gland is located anterior to the ear and is drained by the __________________________. A. submandibular, Stensen duct B. sublingual, Wharton duct C. parotid, Stensen duct D. submandibular, Wharton duct

C. parotid, Stensen duct

.A large angiomyolipoma in the right kidneyis most commonly associated with what acoustic artifact? A. reverberation B. comet tail artifact C. propagation speed artifact D. posterior enhancement

C. propagation speed artifact

_____________________ occurs posterior to highly attenuating structures. A. enhancement B. refraction C. shadowing D. speckle

C. shadowing

Which abdominal vessel is the best landmark to identify the body and tail of the pancreas? A. left renal vein B. right renal vein C. splenic vein D. superior mesenteric vein E. splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

C. splenic vein

Which of the following is least likely to be associated with gallbladder sludge? A. cystic duct obstruction B. fasting C. alcoholism D. elevated cholecystokinin levels

D. elevated cholecystokinin levels

Which of the following patients would be most likely to demonstrate a 10cm spleen with homogeneous echotexture? A. 50yr old with a splenic artery aneurysm B. 5'10" 250lb male born with homozygous sickle cell anemia C. 65yr old female with mononucleosis D. 30yr old female with lymphoma

A. 50yr old with a splenic artery aneurysm

A patient presents for an abdominal US to verify findings identified on a CT exam. The CT report indicates numerous cystic structures throughout the liver that communicate with the biliary tree. Which of the following could be used to describe the expected US diagnosis? A. Caroli disease or choledochal cysts B. Wilson disease C. polycystic liver disease D. choledochal cysts or polycystic liver disease

A. Caroli disease or choledochal cysts

Schistosomiasis and chronic cystitis are commonly associated with what Sonographic findings in the urinary bladder? A. Diffuse bladder wall calcification B. Bladder wall atrophy due to reduced arterial supply C. The bladder lumen is filled with numerous non-shadowing stones D. Ureterocele formation

A. Diffuse bladder wall calcification

The fibrous capsule surrounding the kidneys, fat, and adrenal glands is referred to as: A. Gerota fascia B. Peritoneum C. Glisson fascia D. Glisson capsule

A. Gerota fascia

A patient presents with LUQ pain and a history of MVA 3 days ago, a cystic structure is seen in the spleen with layered debris within it. This most likely represents: A. Hematoma B. Carcinoma C. Hydatid cyst D. Hemangioma

A. Hematoma

The cup-like or funnel shaped extensions of the renal sinus that originate at the papilla and collect urine that is coursing toward the renal pelvis are: A. Minor calyces B. Cortex C. Pyramids D. Major calyces

A. Minor calyces

A patient is scheduled for a liver biopsy with the radiologist in the morning. What lab test values will the doctor want to see before the procedure is performed? A. Prothrombin time and INR B. WBC count C. BUN and creatinine D. RBC and platelet count

A. Prothrombin time and INR

Which of the following Doppler parameters is most commonly used when evaluating the common hepatic artery in patient with a liver transplant? A. Resistive index B. S/D ratio C. Peak systolic velocity D. Pulsatility index

A. Resistive index

A patient presents for a neck ultrasound due to swelling under the angle of the jaw and anterior to the ear. She also complains of a dry mouth, dry cough and dry eyes. These clinical findings are most suggestive of: A. Sjogren syndrome B. Hashimoto thyroiditis C. Graves' disease D. Hemolytic anemia

A. Sjogren syndrome

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between the normal waveform in the renal artery and the external iliac artery? A. The renal artery flow is monophasic and the external iliac artery demonstrates triphasic flow. B. The renal artery flow is laminar and the external iliac artery demonstrates non-laminar flow. C. The renal artery flow is high resistance and the external iliac artery demonstrates low resistance flow D. The renal artery flow is triphasic and the external iliac artery demonstrates monophasic flow

A. The renal artery flow is monophasic and the external iliac artery demonstrates triphasic flow.

An unconscious patient is referred for an abdominal ultrasound through the ER after a car accident. All abdominal organs appear normal in structure and echogenicity. There is free fluid in the right and left paracolic gutters with a complex mass of irregular tissue in the inferior midline pelvic cavity and no discernible bladder can be identified. What should you do when the exam is complete? A. There is a possible bladder rupture and the radiologist should review the exam immediately. B. There is a potential bladder rupture and you should notify the referring ER physician immediately. C. There is a rectus sheath hematoma present which is a non-critical finding. D. You should ask the nurse to insert a Foley catheter and attempt to fill the bladder with saline solution.

A. There is a possible bladder rupture and the radiologist should review the exam immediately.

On ultrasound, a mycetoma appears as: A. a hyperechoic mass without posterior shadowing B. a hypoechoic mass that causes propagation artifact C. a hypoechoic mass that forms in the renal pelvis with a bacterial infection D. a hyperechoic mass with posterior enhancement

A. a hyperechoic mass without posterior shadowing

Which of the following correctly describes the sonographic appearance of renal lymphoma? A. bilateral renal enlargement B. unilateral renal enlargement C. unilateral renal atrophy D. bilateral renal atrophy with renal failure

A. bilateral renal enlargement

During an abdominal ultrasound, a 4mm circular anechoic structure is identified at the posterior portion of the pancreas head. Color flow is not identified in the structure. What is it? A. common bile duct B. common hepatic duct C. gastroduodenal artery D. inferior mesenteric artery

A. common bile duct

. Which of the following is a common cause of transudate pleural effusion? A. congestive heart failure B. tuberculosis C. malignancy D. pneumonia

A. congestive heart failure

A small rounded prominence on the anteroinferior aspect of the normal caudate lobe is called A. distal papillary process B. quadrate lobe C. elongated left lobe D. Reidel lobe

A. distal papillary process

A patient presents with an isolated mild increase in liver function tests. You identify two hyperechoic, homogeneous masses in the area of the porta hepatis. These findings are most consistent with: A. focal fatty infiltration B. cavernous hemangioma formation C. adenoma development D. focal fatty sparing

A. focal fatty infiltration

Which renal arterial branches are used to assess parenchymal resistance? A. interlobar or arcuate arteries B. segmental or interlobar arteries C. segmental or arcuate arteries D. intralobular or segmental arteries

A. interlobar or arcuate arteries

Hepatomegaly in a 5yr old is diagnosed using which of the following criteria? A. normal liver should not extend more than 1 cm below the costal margin B. divide the patient's age in years by the number 2 to obtain the maximum normal liver length for the patient's age C. divide the patient's height in inches by the number 10 to obtain the maximum normal liver length for the patient's age D. multiply the patient's age in years by the number 2 to obtain the maximum normal liver length for the patient's age

A. normal liver should not extend more than 1 cm below the costal margin

While scanning the thyroid, you identify a 0.6cm ovoid structure outside the thyroid, lateral to the left carotid artery. The structure has a thin hypoechoic rim surrounding a hyperechoic center. These findings are most suggestive of: A. normal lymph node B. normal esophagus C. parathyroid carcinoma D. thyroglossal duct cyst

A. normal lymph node

Which of the following is not required to be included on an informed consent form? A. percentage of patients that have experienced complications after the same procedure at the facility B. possible complications that the patient may experience C. signature line to indicate patient consent D. description of the procedure

A. percentage of patients that have experienced complications after the same procedure at the facility

A patient presents for an abdominal sonogram due to a history of hepatic congestion. What structure(s) should be closely evaluated for related findings? A. portal system B. left renal vein C. celiac axis D. renal arteries E. splenic artery

A. portal system

Which of the following is related to renal failure and vitamin D deficiency? A. secondary hyperparathyroidism B. hyperthyroidism C. pulmonary HTN D. nephrocalcinosis

A. secondary hyperparathyroidism

Which of the following vessels can be used to help locate the left adrenal gland? A. splenic vein B. distal SMA C. right renal vein D. celiac axis

A. splenic vein

. When evaluating a patient with a complete thyroidectomy, what is the best way to differentiate level VI nodes from level III/IV nodes? A. turn the neck to a neutral position and document lymph node position relative to the carotid artery B. hyperextend the neck and rotate until the chin touches the contralateral shoulder to document lymph node position relative to the hyoid bone C. hyperextend the neck and rotate until the chin touches the contralateral shoulder to document lymph node position relative to the carotid artery D. turn the neck to a neutral position and document lymph node position relative to the angle of the mandible

A. turn the neck to a neutral position and document lymph node position relative to the carotid artery

Normal retroperitoneal lymph nodes usually measure less than ___ in length. A. 0.5cm B. 1cm C. 1.5cm D. 2cm

B. 1cm

A vein in the pampiniform plexus is considered abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds: A. 8mm B. 2mm C. 6mm D. 4mm

B. 2mm

What patient age is preferred for performing ultrasound of the infant hips? A. 4-6 months B. 4-6 weeks C. 1-2 weeks D. >6 months

B. 4-6 weeks

The renal medulla contains ____________ pyramids in an average adult kidney. A. 1-5 B. 8-18 C. 12-24 D. 3-10

B. 8-18

A patient presents with a history of Conn syndrome. Which of the following hormones will be increased? A. Epinephrine B. Aldosterone C. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone D. Cortisol

B. Aldosterone

The splenic vein is located: A. Anterior to the pancreas B. Anterior to superior mesenteric artery C. Posterior to the superior mesenteric artery D. Posterior to the portal vein

B. Anterior to superior mesenteric artery

Purple stretch marks (striae) on the lateral and lower abdomen can be a clinical sign of: A. Addison disease B. Cushing syndrome C. Conn disease D. Adrenal hemorrhage

B. Cushing syndrome

. Which statement best describes the location of the ligamentum venosum? A. It forms the posterior border of the right lobe. B. It forms the anterior border of the caudate lobe. C. On ultrasound, it appears as a thick, triangular, echogenic foci in the left lobe of the liver. D. It lies between the right and left lobes of the liver.

B. It forms the anterior border of the caudate lobe.

While performing an ultrasound of the abdominal aorta, the mid and distal portions of the vessel are partially obscured by bowel gas. Which of the following techniques can be used to improve your visualization of the aorta? A. Have the patient drink water and rescan the aorta. B. Roll the patient into an oblique or decubitus position and rescan the aorta. C. Give the patient a laxative and rescan after 60 minutes. D. Scan the patient in the semi-erect position.

B. Roll the patient into an oblique or decubitus position and rescan the aorta.

Which of the following statements regarding focal fatty replacement of the liver is true? A. It can be difficult to diagnose with US because most areas of focal fatty replacement are formed in a location adjacent to the diaphragm. B. The sonographic appearance can be similar to a hemangioma. C. Focal fatty replacement will cause a slight reduction in liver function. D. Fatty infiltration is a progressive, irreversible condition.

B. The sonographic appearance can be similar to a hemangioma.

Cirrhosis causes reduced serum albumin levels. What complication does this cause? A. jaundice B. ascites and peripheral edema C. recanalization of the umbilical vein D. increased ammonia production

B. ascites and peripheral edema

Which of the following is a common cause of a splenic abscess? A. cholecystitis B. endocarditis C. Gaucher disease D. portal HTN

B. endocarditis

What is a epiploic appendagitis? A. a fatal type of diverticulitis B. inflammation of the thick fatty strands that attach to the serosal surface of the colon C. perforated appendix with pericolic fluid D. another term to describe Crohn disease

B. inflammation of the thick fatty strands that attach to the serosal surface of the colon

Schistosomiasis is an _______________ cause of portal HTN. Budd Chiari syndrome is an __________________ cause of portal HTN. A. extrahepatic presinusoidal, intrahepatic postsinusoidal B. intrahepatic presinusoidal, intrahepatic postsinusoidal C. intrahepatic presinusoidal, extrahepatic presinusoidal D. intrahepatic presinusoidal, extrahepatic postsinusoidal

B. intrahepatic presinusoidal, intrahepatic postsinusoidal

A hernia with a narrow neck: A. is usually completely reducible with compression B. is at an increased risk for incarceration and strangulation C. can be closed with compression therapy instead of surgery D. should not be evaluated with the Valsalva maneuver

B. is at an increased risk for incarceration and strangulation

Which of the following is most commonly found in the pancreatic body or tail and secretes hormones? A. pseudocyst B. islet cell tumor C. microcystic cystadenoma D. macrocystic cystadenoma

B. islet cell tumor

The use of multiple focal zones will improve _______________ but degrade ________________. A. lateral resolution, axial resolution B. lateral resolution, temporal resolution C. temporal resolution, lateral resolution D. axial resolution, lateral resolution

B. lateral resolution, temporal resolution

All of the following are contraindications for a renal transplant, except: A. untreated kidney infection B. marked increase in serum creatinine C. metastatic disease D. significant cardiac disease

B. marked increase in serum creatinine

Adrenal hemorrhage is most commonly seen in ________________________ . A. adults over 70yrs B. newborns C. adults over 50yrs D. juvenile patients with chromosomal defects

B. newborns

Which of the following is true regarding the portal vein? A. portal veins course superior to inferior within the liver B. normal portal venous pressure is 5-10mmHg C. walls are thinner and more permeable than the hepatic veins D. pressure in the portal system is usually lower than in the IVC

B. normal portal venous pressure is 5-10mmHg

Analgesic abuse is the most common cause of what renal abnormality? A. glomerulonephritis B. papillary necrosis C. acute renal failure D. nephrocalcinosis

B. papillary necrosis

An increase in which of the following hormones causes increased calcium resorption in the small intestines? A. T4 B. parathyroid stimulating hormone C. thyroid stimulating hormone D. calcitonin

B. parathyroid stimulating hormone

The diaphragm sign, displaced crus sign, and bare area sign are indicative of what abnormality? A. ascites B. pleural effusion C. pneumonia D. diaphragmatic hernia

B. pleural effusion

The psoas muscle is __________________ to the kidney. A. anterolateral B. posteromedial C. posterolateral D. anteromedial

B. posteromedial

Which of the following is a violation of HIPAA policies? A. discussing exam results with a patient B. posting patient symptoms and demographics with an anonymous ultrasound image on social media C. sharing an anonymized image from an exam with your Sonography class D. discussing exam results with the patient's physician

B. posting patient symptoms and demographics with an anonymous ultrasound image on social media

Time gain compensation is necessary due to: A. the inability of high frequency transducers to penetrate the body effectively B. reflection, refraction and scatter C. sound impedance difference between transducer and skin D. the non-linear behavior of sound waves

B. reflection, refraction and scatter

Which of the following is associated with an autosplenectomy? A. splec lymphoma B. sickle cell anemia C. splenic hamartoma D. wandering spleen

B. sickle cell anemia

All of the following are associated with gastrinoma formation in the pancreas, except: A. increased serum levels of gastrin B. significantly decreased levels of amylase production C. symptoms include indigestion and esophageal reflux D. associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

B. significantly decreased levels of amylase production

Which acoustic property causes the echogenic appearance of the diaphragm related to surrounding structures? A. refraction B. specular reflection C. attenuation D. non-specular reflection

B. specular reflection

. The ______________ can be identified anterior to the pancreas tail. A. left kidney B. stomach C. superior mesenteric artery D. hepatic flexure of the colon

B. stomach

Which muscle group is located anteromedial to the lobes of the thyroid gland? A. sternocleidomastoid B. strap muscles C. longus colli muscle D. tracheal muscles

B. strap muscles

Which of the following describes how to differentiate tumefactive sludge from gallbladder carcinoma? A. turn off harmonic imaging B. use color doppler over the area of interest C. ask the patient to perform the Valsalva maneuver D. give the patient a fatty meal and rescan

B. use color doppler over the area of interest

Weakened gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments can lead to: A. polysplenia B. wandering spleen C. asplenia D. situs inversus

B. wandering spleen

A 60yr old male presents for an abdominal ultrasound for recurrent epigastric pain. The patient tells you this is the fourth time he has been hospitalized for pancreatitis and the medications are just not working. What is the expected appearance of his pancreas on ultrasound? A. Enlarged and edematous with a hyperechoic appearance B. Increased size with decreased echogenicity C. Atrophied with calcifications in the parenchyma D. Atrophied with multiple cysts and calcifications consuming the parenchyma

C. Atrophied with calcifications in the parenchyma

The most definitive sonographic sign of cirrhosis is: A. Portal HTN B. Associated hepatomegaly C. Decreased liver size with coarse texture and nodule formation D. Hepatoma formation

C. Decreased liver size with coarse texture and nodule formation

.A 28yr old presents for a testicular sonogram due to a palpable lump. The lab work in the chart indicates high levels of alpha fetoprotein and b-hCG. A mostly solid intratesticular mass is identified in the right testicle that disrupts the smooth contour of the testicle. There is a small cystic area centrally. These findings are most suggestive of: A. Seminoma B. Yolk Sac Tumor C. Embryonal Cell Carcinoma D. Lymphoma

C. Embryonal Cell Carcinoma

Which structure is visualized posterior and medial to the left lobe of the thyroid gland? A. Left longus colli muscle B. Left sternocleidomastoid muscle C. Esophagus D. Left omohyoid muscle

C. Esophagus

Which of the following is not a required part of an ultrasound evaluation for a suspected AAA? A. Evaluate the AP and Width measurements of the true and false lumen if thrombus is present. B. Evaluate the length of the affected segment. C. Evaluate flow in both internal iliac arteries. D. Assess location in relationship to the renal arteries.

C. Evaluate flow in both internal iliac arteries.

Which of the following causes of diffuse dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary tree, without dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary tree? A. Brenner Tumor B. Mass at the valves of Heister C. Klatskin Tumor D. mass at the Ampulla of Vater

C. Klatskin Tumor

__________________ merge to form the ampulla of Vater just prior to the duct entering the second portion of the duodenum. A. The CHD and cystic duct B. The CBD and cystic duct C. The CBD and duct of Wirsung D. The CBD and CHD

C. The CBD and duct of Wirsung

A patient presents for an abdominal ultrasound for pain. The chart holds a recent x-ray report that states there is a possible porcelain gallbladder present. How will this abnormality appear on the ultrasound exam? A. The gallbladder will be hydropic with a thickened wall and an increased risk of rupture. B. The gallbladder will be completely packed full of small stones. C. The gallbladder wall will demonstrate varied levels of linear calcification. D. There is a single large stone present with a thickened gallbladder wall.

C. The gallbladder wall will demonstrate varied levels of linear calcification.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the evaluation of a patient with a suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm? A. Identifying the aortic bifurcation guarantees a complete evaluation of the infrarenal segment B. Identifying the celiac axis guarantees a complete evaluation of the proximal segment C. Transverse views are preferred for the most accurate diameter measurement D. Right lateral oblique position can be especially helpful for evaluating the distal aorta bifurcation into the common iliac arteries

C. Transverse views are preferred for the most accurate diameter measurement

A patient presents for an abdominal ultrasound with a history of a renal and pancreatic transplant. What chronic medical condition is a common primary reason for the transplant? A. Adenocarcinoma B. Chronic pancreatitis C. Type I diabetes D. Hypertension

C. Type I diabetes

Charcot triad is used to describe the classic clinical presentation of: A. abdominal aortic aneurysm B. pyloric stenosis C. acute cholangitis D. Hashimoto thyroiditis

C. acute cholangitis

Which of the following serum levels would be unaffected by a benign obstruction of the biliary tree? A. conjugated bilirubin B. alkaline phosphatase C. alpha feto-protein D. gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

C. alpha feto-protein

Which of the following correctly describes angiosarcoma of the spleen? A. most common primary malignancy of the spleen B. very responsive to chemotherapy with good prognosis C. arises from the vascular endothelium and demonstrates increased vascularity D. usually presents as a homogeneous hyperechoic mass near the periphery of the spleen

C. arises from the vascular endothelium and demonstrates increased vascularity

. Unilateral renal agenesis is associated with what anomaly in women? and in men? A. ovarian agenesis, testicular agenesis B. ovarian agenesis, agenesis of the seminal vesicles C. bicornuate uterus, agenesis of the seminal vesicles D. uterine agenesis, testicular agenesis

C. bicornuate uterus, agenesis of the seminal vesicles

Bacterial cholangitis is nearly always seen with: A. ulcerative colitis B. HIV cholangitis C. ductal obstruction by a stone or tumor D. biliary ascariasis

C. ductal obstruction by a stone or tumor

When you change the angle on the Doppler cursor, the ________________ also changes. A. amplitude of the reflected signal B. frequency shift C. flow velocity displayed D. the volume of flow interrogated

C. flow velocity displayed

The ________________________ is a fibrous sheath that is connected to the greater curvature of the stomach that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels. A. greater mesentery B. lesser mesentery C. greater omentum D. lesser omentum

C. greater omentum

An 6 month old female is referred for an abdominal ultrasound exam following an echocardiogram that demonstrated cardiac failure in a structurally normal heart. The physician indicates a RUQ mass is palpable on the clinical exam. Which of the following is the most likely finding on the exam? A. heterotaxy B. large hemangioma in the liver C. infantile hemangioendothelioma D. biliary atresia

C. infantile hemangioendothelioma

Which of the following pancreatic abnormalities will cause an increase in insulin levels in the blood? A. chronic pancreatitis B. acute pancreatitis C. islet cell tumor D. pseudocyst

C. islet cell tumor

Propagation speed artifact, reverberation artifact and the bayonet artifact are acoustic artifacts seen with: A. pneumothorax B. abdominal aortic aneurysms C. needles D. abscess formation

C. needles

A 45yr old male presents for an Abdominal US due to suspected hepatomegaly. The exam demonstrates numerous cysts of all sizes throughout the liver parenchyma. Which of the following should also be evaluated for the same abnormality? A. diaphragm B. retroperitoneal lymph nodes C. pancreas D. prostate

C. pancreas

Which of the following lines the inside of the scrotal sac? A. visceral tunica vaginalis B. rete testis C. parietal tunica vaginalis D. tunica albuginea

C. parietal tunica vaginalis

The ____________ zone is the prostate zone most commonly affected by BPH. A. central B. peripheral C. transitional D. paraprostatic

C. transitional

The best way to differentiate hepatic jaundice from obstructive jaundice is: A. Measure levels of alpha-fetoprotein B. Evaluate the liver for tumor formation C. Evaluate the diameter of the biliary duct D. Measure levels of total bilirubin in the blood

C> Evaluate the diameter of the biliary duct

The thyroid gland is considered normal in size if the: A. width measurement is <3cm B. volume is <30mL C. length measurement is < 4cm D. AP measurement is <2cm

D. AP measurement is <2cm

The WES sign indicates a diagnosis of: A. Portal thrombosis B. Cyst in GB C. Solid mass in GB D. GB Stone

D. GB Stone

The caudate lobe lies between what two structures? A. main lobar fissure and GB B. IVC and lateral left lobe C. right and left portal veins D. IVC and medial left lobe

D. IVC and medial left lobe

The superior mesenteric vein A. Joins the portal vein to form the splenic vein B. Joins the splenic vein anterior to the neck of the pancreas C. Lies to the left of the superior mesenteric artery D. Joins the splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas

D. Joins the splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas

Which of the following Doppler findings is most consistent with uncomplicated epididymo-orchitis? A. High resistance flow; resistive index 0.2 B. High resistance flow; resistive index 1.2 C. Low resistance flow; resistive index 0.8 D. Low resistance flow; resistive index 0.4

D. Low resistance flow; resistive index 0.4

A patient is scheduled for abdominal ultrasound every six months due to their history of cirrhosis. Which of the following is true? A. Patients with cirrhosis should have their liver vasculature evaluated regularly due to an increased risk of tumor invasion from metastasis. B. Patients with cirrhosis do not need to be evaluated regularly once the diagnosis has been made because the treatment options are limited. C. Cirrhosis commonly leads to ascites which may require intermittent thoracentesis treatments. D. Patients with cirrhosis should have their liver vasculature evaluated regularly due to an increased risk of portal thrombosis.

D. Patients with cirrhosis should have their liver vasculature evaluated regularly due to an increased risk of portal thrombosis.

________________________ artery aneurysms are commonly associated with pancreatitis and peptic ulcer disease, while ________________________ artery aneurysms are usually caused by cystic medial necrosis. A. Celiac, superior mesenteric B. Celiac, hepatic C. Hepatic, splenic D. Splenic, superior mesenteric

D. Splenic, superior mesenteric

Which of the following correctly describes how a Sonographer can differentiate a neuroblastoma from a nephroblastoma on an abdominal US? A. It is not possible to differentiate these two tumors sonographically. B. The nephroblastoma will not distort the renal contour or disrupt the capsule. The neuroblastoma will distort the renal contour and disrupt the capsule. C. The neuroblastoma is highly vascular while the nephroblastoma is mainly necrotic due to limited vascular supply. D. The neuroblastoma will not distort the renal contour or disrupt the capsule. The nephroblastoma will distort the renal contour and disrupt the capsule.

D. The neuroblastoma will not distort the renal contour or disrupt the capsule. The nephroblastoma will distort the renal contour and disrupt the capsule.

Which type of thyroid cancer is most lethal? A. follicular B. medullary C. papillary D. anaplastic

D. anaplastic

Aneurysms of the iliac and popliteal arteries are commonly associated with: A. prostate carcinoma B. pancreatic pseudocysts C. renal failure D. aortic aneurysm

D. aortic aneurysm

Color Doppler demonstrates the ________________________________. A. average velocity of the blood flow only B. direction of flow only C. peak velocity of blood flow only D. average velocity and direction of flow E. peak velocity and direction of flow

D. average velocity and direction of flow

Chronic moderate congestive heart failure can cause this tributary of the IVC to be visualized sonographically due to the formation of a collateral pathway. A. umbilical vein B. portal vein C. coronary vein D. azygous vein

D. azygous vein

When a pancreas transplant has enteric drainage: A. the urinary bladder should be evaluated for abnormalities B. the allograft will be located in the chest C. it is common for the stomach to be dilated with pancreatic juices D. bowel should be evaluated for obstruction

D. bowel should be evaluated for obstruction

A pyogenic abscess in the liver has been associated with which of the following? A. sickle cell anemia and osteomyelitis B. diverticulitis and filariasis C. candidiasis and cholangitis D. cholangitis and osteomyelitis

D. cholangitis and osteomyelitis

Benign liver masses will usually demonstrate ultrasound contrast enhancement during the arterial and portal venous phases of imaging. Malignant masses will usually demonstrate: A. contrast enhancement during portal venous phase of imaging B. contrast enhancement during the arterial and portal venous phases of imaging C. no contrast enhancement D. contrast enhancement during the arterial phase of imaging

D. contrast enhancement during the arterial phase of imaging

A patient presents with an enlarged left scrotum and palpable mass. The US demonstrates an intratesticular mass that is hypoechoic and heterogeneous with multiple coarse calcifications. There is also an irregular central cystic area. These findings are most suggestive of: A. embryonal cell tumor only B. teratoma only C. seminoma only D. embryonal cell tumor or teratoma E. seminoma, embryonal cell tumor or teratoma

D. embryonal cell tumor or teratoma

A 30yr old male presents with pelvic discomfort. He has a 2 year history of HIV infection and is an insulin dependent diabetic. When evaluating the urinary bladder, you identify a mobile, round, hyperechoic solid mass with no posterior shadowing. What is the most likely diagnosis for these findings? A. transitional cell carcinoma B. squamous cell carcinoma C. bladder stone D. fungal ball

D. fungal ball

Excessive androgen production is commonly associated with adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal cortical cancer, and polycystic ovarian disease. How will these increased androgen levels present as a clinical finding? A. pedal edema B. alopecia C. excessive nausea and vomiting D. hirsutism

D. hirsutism

. Hashimoto disease is the most common type of ______________ and leads to _________________. A. hyperthyroidism, diffuse enlargement of the gland B. hyperthyroidism, goiter formation C. hypothyroidism, nodule formation D. hypothyroidism, diffuse enlargement of the gland

D. hypothyroidism, diffuse enlargement of the gland

. Several simple cysts are identified in the liver of a 38yr old male patient. What structures in the abdomen should also be evaluated for related findings? A. kidneys and thyroid B. abdominal aorta and renal arteries C. kidneys, pancreas and ovaries D. kidneys and pancreas

D. kidneys and pancreas

The average measurement of the normal spleen is: A. 6-10cm B. 5-8cm C. 6-10mm D. less than 12cm

D. less than 12cm

The ___________________ is located within the inferior margin of the falciform ligament. A. left hepatic vein B. middle hepatic vein C. ligamentum venosum D. ligamentum teres

D. ligamentum teres

The splenic vein distributes blood to the ____________________________. A. stomach B. pancreas C. spleen D. none of the above

D. none of the above

During a biopsy of a superficial chest mass, the needle is advanced: A. perpendicular to the long axis of the transducer B. toward the face of the transducer C. perpendicular to the adjacent ribs D. parallel to the long axis of the transducer

D. parallel to the long axis of the transducer

The proximal superior mesenteric vein is normally located ___________ the proximal superior mesenteric artery in the abdomen. A. superior to B. posterior to C. to the left of D. to the right of

D. to the right of

Which of the following testicular abnormalities would be better displayed if the patient performed the Valsalva maneuver? A. varicocele only B. inguinal hernia only C. testicular torsion and inguinal hernia D. varicocele and inguinal hernia

D. varicocele and inguinal hernia

Which of the following is not a layer of the scrotal sac? A. Detrusor muscle B. Epithelial/Skin C. Dartos muscle D. Tunica Vaginalis

A. Detrusor muscle

The first branch of the common hepatic artery is the: A. Gastroduodenal artery B. Pancreatic artery C. Cystic artery D. Duodenal artery

A. Gastroduodenal artery

Increasing the imaging depth will: A. reduce the frame rate B. improve temporal resolution C. reduce beam intensity D. increase the pulse repetition frequency

A. reduce the frame rate q

A retrorenal spleen is an important consideration when planning: A. AAA repair B. a left renal biopsy C. treatment for portal HTN D. the point of entry for a paracentesis

B. a left renal biopsy

Which of the following is the most common cancer of the GI tract? A. Kaposi sarcoma B. Krukenberg tumor C. Adenocarcinoma D. Gastric sarcoma

C. Adenocarcinoma

What is the name of the T4 hormone? A. Trypsin B. Thyroid stimulating hormone C. Triiodthyronine D. Thyroxine

D. Thyroxine